• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2020

In the end-user domain of an IoT environment, there are more and more intelligent M2M devices that provide resources to create and share application services. Therefore, it can be very useful to manage trust by transferring the role of the existing centralized service provider to end users in a P2P environment. However, in a decentralized M2M computing environment where end users independently provide or consume services, mutual trust building is the most important factor. This is because malicious users trying to build malfunctioning services can cause security problems in M2M computing environments such as IoT. In this paper, we provide an integrated analysis and approach for trust evaluation of M2M application services, and an optimized trust evaluation model that can guarantee reliability among users of the M2M community.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.752-757
• /
• 2016

Machine to Machine (M2M) communications is communications between a business application and devices via a communication network without any direct human interaction. The aim of our research is to connect any M2M device with an M2M AS (Application server) through an IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) Network Core using a M2M Gateway, in order to develop an M2M Horizontal Services Platform over IMS. An IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework defined by the wireless standards body of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for delivering IP multimedia services to mobile users. This paper shows the design and implementation of a Horizontal M2M Network Services Platform over an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) using the Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP). We summarize the protocols and architectures that formed the basis for the creation of our architecture. We provide a detailed description of our architecture design, describing the call flow of the proposed architecture and the entities operating in each process. We also describe the design and implementation process detailing the different tools used, explaining the selection of each component and its importance; also how we designed and implemented the M2M gateway, M2M Application Server, Open IMS Core, business application and M2M devices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.597-604
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study was to prevent the decrease in crop output by disease and insect pests and excessive spraying of agricultural pesticides by application uniformity. A 3m height and 15km/h speed is difficult to maintain with an unmanned helicopter for aerial application, which has been affected by the controlling habits and methods or environmental factors, such as changes in the wind. Therefore, in this study, an aerial application system was design to be attached to an unmanned helicopter, which can allow a controlled application width and spray rate automatically and verified experimentally using Rmax of MS-AVIATION. The size of agricultural land was 50 m2 and nine water sensitive cards were arranged at 1.25m intervals in 5 rows with each row having a 10m interval from the position of 5m. The unmanned helicopter was flying at speeds ranging from 7.2km/h to 17.6km/h and heights ranging from 2.32m to 3.47m. The proposed aerial application system allowed application uniformity by making a valid spraying area of 7.5 m2 with 46423 particles distributed on average.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.3B
• /
• pp.275-286
• /
• 2011

As the 21st century paradigm of healthcare service changes from post-therapeutic treatment to disease prevention and management in advance, the M2M-based u-healthcare application service is increasingly important. M2M-based u-healthcare application service uses mobile handsets equipped with sensors to measure vital information, and the medical staff in remote locations can manage the health of the patient or the public in real time. In this paper, IEEE/HL7 translation gateway, utilizing the gateway based on M2M u-healthcare application service structure, which is based on international standards, has been designed and implemented. Specifically, the gateway between ISO/IEEE 11073 standards and ANSI HL7 has been developed. The former defines the protocol for the exchange of information between the agent device and the manger devices for measuring and handling biological signal, and the latter defines the application layer protocol for the exchange of various healthcare information systems. Finally, in order to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed architecture, the M2M-based U-healthcare application service based on IEEE/HL7 translation gateway, utilizing the gateway, has been developed which can measure, collect and process a variety of vital signs such as ECG or SpO2.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
• /
• v.63 no.3
• /
• pp.195-199
• /
• 2014

Various M2M applications have different quality-of-service(QoS) requirements to be implemented practically. QoS requirements are normally data rate and delay constraint. However, there are limited number of wireless communication chip solutions which cannot support QoS requirements for all M2M application. Hence, aggregated usage of plural wireless communication chip solutions should be needed to implement M2M applications. In this paper, we consider the case that two wireless communication chips using random access protocol work together to transmit data of an M2M application. In such case, data rate and delay performance are mathematically analyzed. In our results, practical data rate can be improved from 2.5 to 7 times while delay constraints are satisfied if we simply use two wireless communication chips together.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.84-97
• /
• 2012

M2M (Machine-to-Machine) Technology makes it possible to network all kinds of terminal devices and their corresponding enterprise applications. Therefore, several M2M platforms were developed in China in order to collect information from terminal devices dispersed all over the local places through 3G wireless network. However, when enterprise applications try to integrate with M2M platforms, they should be maintained and refactored to adapt the heterogeneous features and properties of M2M platforms. Moreover, syntactical and semantic unification for information sharing among applications and devices are still unsolved because of raw data transmission and the usage of distinguished business vocabularies. In this paper, we propose and develop an M2M Middleware to support agile application integration with M2M platform. This middleware imports the event engine and XML-based syntax to handle the syntactical unification, makes use of Ontology-based semantic mapping to solve the semantic unification and adopts WebService and ETL techniques to sustain multi-pattern interactive approach, in order to agilely make applications integrated with the M2M platform. Now, the M2M Middleware has been applied in the China Telecom M2M platform. The operation results show that applications will cost less time and workload when being integrated with M2M platform.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.229-238
• /
• 1977

Sumithion and EPN residues on grapes, EPN and Diazinon on chinese cabbage, Parathion on peaches, Dimethoate on tomatoes, and EPN and Malathion on cucumber were analyzed in terms of 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after last application for the pesticides safty use. From the disappearance rate for various organo-phosphate insecticides on vegetables and fruit crops, following results are obtained. 1. On Chinese cabbage, Diazinon residues were 0.25~0.38p.p.m three weeks after one application, and EPN were 1.39~2.69p.p.m seven days after one application and 0.96~2.34p.p.m two weeks after twice application. 2. EPN residues on grapes were 1.09~1.80p.p.m seven days after one application and Sumithion were 0.17~0.53p.p.m fourteen days after one application. 3. On peaches, Parathion residues were 0.40~0.61p.p.m two weeks after last application. 4. Dimethoate residues on tomatoes were 0.141p.p.m seven days after four times application. 5. On cucumber, EPN residues were 2.11~2.14p.p.m three days after twice application, and Malathion were 0.46p.p.m 3 day after four times application but 0.062~0.025p.p.m three days after last application. 6. Rate of degradation of organo-phosphate chemicals is inversely related to half-life of its. 7. Minimum intervals between last treatment and harvest to prevent unsafty residues are as follows. 7 days for EPN with one application and 14 days with twice application on chinese cabbage, 3 days on cucumber and 7 days on grape, 14 days for parathion, 7 days for dimethoate on tomatoes, 0 to 3 days for Malathion on cucumber, 21 days for Sumithion on grape, 21 days on chinese cabbage for Diazinon.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 1998

The photosynthetic rate (LPS)in the field was higher in the non-shading condition than in the shading. The fertilizer application was somewhat higher than non-fertilizer application. After humus application at 50% sading condition the growth and LPS increased with Ligularia fischeri. The maximum LPS at 80% shading was 22.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$mol/m/s with N-fertilizer application . Except Aster tataricus and Solidago virge-aurea. var. asiatic where the maximum LPS at non-shading and N-fertilizer application were 38.68 and 35.28${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$mol/m2/s. While the maximum LPS of Aster scaber was 30.01${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$mol/$m^2$/s at non-shading and non-fertilizer application. the growth rate was higher shading and fertilized conditions than non-shading and non-fertilized . The most effective shading condition was 50% , but leaf ration was highest in the 80% . But a. tataricus was favorable at non-shading and N-feritlized conditions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND: Nitrogen (N) is an important element for turfgrass (Zoysia matrella) growth; however, standard N application rate for turfgrass is not established yet. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of N application rates on the growth and quality of turfgrass for establishment of standard N application rate. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatments were as follows; control (0 N g/m²/month), 1N (1 N g/m²/month), 2N(2 N g/m²/month), 3N (3 N g/m²/month), 4N (4 N g/m²/month), and 5N (5 N g/m²/month). N application improved visual turfgrass quality. Compared with the control, clipping yield of all N treatments increased by 90~194%. The grass shoot weight of 3N, 4N, and 5N treatments increased by 52%, 43%, and 111%, respectively, and the stolon weight of 4N and 5N treatments increased by 412% and 201%, respectively, compared to the control. The N uptake amount and N recovery rate were estimated to be 4.10~6.28 g/m² and 14~58%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicate that considering visual quality, clipping yield, N uptake amount, and N recovery, the application rate of 2~3 N g/m²/month was suggested to be suitable for Z. matrella production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2017.10a
• /
• pp.531-532
• /
• 2017

OneM2M's domain is divided into Device, Network, and Application domain, and data generated from various devices is collected through IoT/M2M gateway, it is delivered to appropriate IoT/M2M Infrastructure through Core/Access Network. However, access to the Core/Access Network is also required if the device transmit data to an Infrastructure located within the same area. In this paper, it propose data transmission based on region gateway that judge and transmit local information of data by adding a concept of region network domain to oneM2M domain, prevent access to unnecessary Core/Access Network.