• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2015

Most of the wheat germ in cereal grains is removed during the milling process. Various physiological effects have been reported for bioactive substances in wheat germ such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-adipogenic effects of ethanol extracts from wheat germ (WGE) and wheat germ fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (F-WGE) were investigated in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. The anti-oxidant activity of F-WGE was demonstrated by a dose-dependent increase in the enhanced scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radicals and $Cu^{2+}$-chelating activity compared to WGE. WGE and F-WGE treatment at doses between 10 and $400{\mu}g/mL$ did not affect the viability of HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. Intracellular ROS levels from $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidative stress were significantly decreased by F-WGE treatment in HepG2 cells compared to WGE. Lipid accumulation was increased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by $100{\mu}M$ $Fe^{2+}$ treatment, but the accumulation was strongly inhibited by $100{\mu}g/mL$ of WGE and F-WGE treatment. These results suggest that changes in bioactive substances during the fermentation of wheat germ can potentiate scavenging activities against transition metal-induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, we propose that F-WGE is a novel food materials and provided scientific evidences for its efficacy in the development of functional foods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.487-499
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• 2016

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of testosterone (T) and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) on the production of progesterone ($P_4$) by granulosa cells, and of the $E_2$ on the production of $P_4$ and T by theca internal cells. In the first experiment, granulosa cells isolated from the largest ($F_1$) and third largest ($F_3$) preovulatory follicle were incubated for 4 h in short-term culture system, $P_4$ production by granulosa cells of both $F_1$ and $F_3$ was increased in a dose-dependent manner by ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH), but not T or $E_2$. In the second experiment, $F_1$ and $F_3$ granulosa cells cultured for 48 h in the developed monolayer culture system were recultured for an additional 48 h with increasing doses of various physiological active substances existing in the ovary, including T and $E_2$. Basal $P_4$ production for 48 h during 48 to 96 h of the cultured was about nine fold greater by $F_1$ granulosa cells than by $F_3$ granulosa cells. In substances examined oLH, chicken vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (cVIP) and T, but not $E_2$, stimulated in a dose-dependent manner $P_4$ production in both $F_1$ and $F_3$ granulosa cells. In addition, when the time course of $P_4$ production by $F_1$ granulosa cells in response to oLH, cVIP, T and $E_2$ was examined for 48 h during 48 to 96 h of culture, although $E_2$ had no effect on $P_4$ production by granulosa cells of $F_1$ during the period from 48 to 96 h of culture, $P_4$ production with oLH was found to be increased at 4 h of the culture, with a maximal 9.14 fold level at 6 h. By contrast, $P_4$ production with cVIP and T increased significantly (p<0.05) from 8 and 12 h of the culture, respectively, with maximal 6.50 fold response at 12 h and 6, 48 fold responses at 36 h. Furthermore, when $F_1$ granulosa cells were precultured with $E_2$ for various times before 4 h culture with oLH at 96 h of culture, the increase in $P_4$ production in response to oLH with a dose-related manner was only found at a pretreatment time of more than 12 h. In the third experiment, theca internal cells of $F_1$, $F_2$ and the largest third to fifth preovulatory follicles ($F_{3-5}$) were incubated for 4 h in short-term culture system with increasing doses of $E_2$. The production of $P_4$ and T by theca internal cells were increased with the addition of $E_2$ of $10^{-6}M$. These increases were greater in smaller follicles. These results indicate that, in granulosa cells of the hen, T may have a direct stimulatory action in the long term on $P_4$ production, and on $E_2$ in long-term action which may enhance the sensitivity to LH for $P_4$ production, and thus, in theca internal cells, $E_2$ in short term action may stimulate the production of $P_4$ and T.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1029-1036
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• 1997

Let ${A_t)}_{t>0}$ be a dilation group given by $A_t = exp(-P log t)$, where P is a real $n \times n$ matrix whose eigenvalues has strictly positive real part. Let $\nu$ be the trace of P and $P^*$ denote the adjoint of pp. Suppose that $K$ is a function defined on $R^n$ such that $$\mid$K(x)$\mid$ \leq k($\mid$x$\mid$_Q)$ for a bounded and decreasing function $k(t) on R_+$ satisfying $k \diamond $\mid$\cdot$\mid$_Q \in \cup_{\varepsilon >0}L^1((1 + $\mid$x$\mid$)^\varepsilon dx)$ where $Q = \int_{0}^{\infty} exp(-tP^*) exp(-tP)$ dt and the norm $$\mid$\cdot$\mid$_Q$ stands for $$\mid$x$\mid$_Q = \sqrt{}, x \in R^n$. For $f \in L^1(R^n)$, define $mf(x) = sup_{t>0}$\mid$K_t * f(x)$\mid$$ where $K_t(X) = t^{-\nu}K(A_{1/t}^* x)$. Then we show that $m$ is a bounded operator of $L^1(R^n) into L^{1, \infty}(R^n)$.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.637-641
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 100 nm 게이트 길이를 갖는 InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs MHEMT(metamorphic high electron mobility transistors)m의 DC와 RF 특성을 분석 하였다. 이중 노광 방법으로 ZEP520/P(MMA-MAA)/PMMA 3층 구조의 레지스터와 게이트 길이 100 nm인 게이트를 제작하였다. 게이트의 단위 폭이 $70\;{\mu}m$인 2개의 게이트와 길이가 100 nm로 제작된 MHEMT를 DC 및 RF특성을 조사하였다. 최대 드레인 전류 밀도는 465 mA/mm, 상호전달 컨덕턴스는 844 mS/mm이, RF 측정으로부터 전류 이득 차단 주파수는 192 GHz와 최대 진동주파수 310 GHz인 특성을 보였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2016

본 연구는 실제 운영되는 수산물 가공 산업폐수의 immersed MBR (iMBR)공정을 이용한 폐수처리시설 운영 결과에 대한 실증적 고찰을 수행한 것이다. 수산물 가공 산업의 특성상 일별, 월별 유량 변동이 심하여 유량조정조의 설계 및 운전방법이 중요하며, 유량조정조 교반시 포기식 교반을 적용하면 산발효 방지를 통하여 후속 응집/부상 공정의 약품비 절감이 가능하다. 동 현장은 유량조정조, 가압부상조, iMBR을 거쳐 방류하며, 이때 가압부상조를 거쳐 iMBR로 유입되는 BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N, T-P의 농도는 2,291 mg/L, 530 mg/L, 38 mg/L, 256.8 mg/L, 13.5 mg/L으로 나타났다. 수산물 가공 폐수와 같이 고농도의 염이 함유된 폐수의 생물학적 처리는 슬러지의 침강성과 관계없는 침지식 중공사막을 이용한 iMBR 공법을 적용하는것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. iMBR 공정의 주요 에너지 소모 요인인 공기세정에 대한 운영 값의 검토 결과 SADm값이 $0.31m^3/hr{\cdot}m^2$ membrane area이었으며, SADp값은 $26.5m^3/hr{\cdot}m^3$ permeate으로 상용화된 평막 대비 월등히 에너지 효율이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 무산소, 혐기, 호기 탈기조로 구성된 침지식 중공사막이 결합된 iMBR 공정에서 막오염 지표인 Normalized TMP와 온도, MLSS 등을 비교 분석한 결과 F/M비가 0.08~0.10 gBOD/gMLSS에서 임계 F/M 값을 나타냈다. 생물반응조에서의 BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N, T-P의 처리수질은 각각 1.8 mg/L, 11.0 mg/L, 1.1 mg/L, 11.0 mg/L, 0.24 mg/L으로 운전되었으며, 제거율은 99.9%, 97.9%, 96.3%, 95.7%, 97.8%으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.542-543
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• 1989

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.553-563
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• 2021

As hypergeometric meromorphic multivalent functions of the form $$L^{t,{\rho}}_{{\varpi},{\sigma}}f(\zeta)=\frac{1}{{\zeta}^{\rho}}+{\sum\limits_{{\kappa}=0}^{\infty}}{\frac{(\varpi)_{{\kappa}+2}}{{(\sigma)_{{\kappa}+2}}}}\;{\cdot}\;{\frac{({\rho}-({\kappa}+2{\rho})t)}{{\rho}}}{\alpha}_{\kappa}+_{\rho}{\zeta}^{{\kappa}+{\rho}}$$ contains a new subclass in the punctured unit disk ${\sum_{{\varpi},{\sigma}}^{S,D}}(t,{\kappa},{\rho})$ for -1 ≤ D < S ≤ 1, this paper aims to determine sufficient conditions, distortion properties and radii of starlikeness and convexity for functions in the subclass $L^{t,{\rho}}_{{\varpi},{\sigma}}f(\zeta)$.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.881-887
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• 1995

Let f be a measurable function on the unit ball B in $C^n$, then we define a maximal function $M_p(f), 1 \leq p < \infty$, by $$ M_p(f)(\zeta ) = \sup_{\delta > 0}(\frac{1}{\sigma(\beta(\zeta, \delta))} \int_{T(\beta(\zeta, \delta))} $\mid$f(z)$\mid$^p \frac{d\nu(z)}{(1-$\mid$z$\mid$^n})^{1/p} $$ where $\sigma$ denotes the surface area measure on S, the boundary of B, and $T(\beta(\zeta, \delta))$ denotes the tent over the ball $\beta(\zeta, \delta)$. We prove that the maximal operator $M_p$ belongs to the Muckenhoupt class $A_1$.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.615-623
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• 1995

Consider a function m defined in $R^n$ and the associated convolution operator T given by the Fourier transform $\hat{T} = m\hat{f}$.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.395-398
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• 2006

In this note, for any given positive integer n, we determine all the continuous solutions f : R ${\rightarrow}$ R of the integral-functional equation $f^n(x)=n_{_o}{^x}f(t)dt$.