• Title/Summary/Keyword: M.S

Search Result 54,029, Processing Time 0.091 seconds

물리.화학적 방법에 의한 참돔(Pagrus major)의 품질판정에 관한 연구

  • 김태진;배진한;심길보;여해경;정호진;조영제
    • Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
    • /
    • 2003.10a
    • /
    • pp.155-156
    • /
    • 2003
  • 우리나라는 해방 후 어려웠던 경제난국에서 벗어나 산업발전기에 접어들면서 수산물보다는 식탁에서 육류의 섭취가 상대적으로 많이 증가되었다. 그러나 최근에 들어와서는 외식산업의 현저한 발달과 더불어 즉석편리식품이나 육류의 소비가 증가함에 따라 비만, 동맥경화 및 영양의 과잉공급에 따른 각종 성인병이 만연하고 있는 실정이단, 이러한 시점에 수산물이 가지고 있는 건강기능성이나 생리효과가 식품관련 연구자들에 의해 밝혀지면서 생선회가 건강지향성과 기호성이라는 측면에서 두 가지 조건 모두를 만족시키는 식품으로 자리잡아 외식산업의 한 축을 이루어 생선회의 소비는 급증하고 있으나, 자연산 활어는 남획에 따른 자원고갈 및 어장축소 등 여러 가지 이유로 현재 유통되고 있는 생선회의 90% 이상은 양식산 활어이며, 양식 활어의 생산량 또한 1980년대 후반에 비하여 10배 이상 증가되어 있을 뿐만 아니라 가까운 중국이나 일본 등지에서 생선회로 먹기 위하여 많은 량의 활어가 수입되고 있는 실정이다 이렇게 생산된 활어는 활어시장에서 활어의 품질에 관계없이 중량을 기준으로 거래되고 있어 여러 가지 문제를 야기시킬 수 있다. 그러므로, 활어 품질판정 기술의 개발은 우리나라 양식업의 대외경쟁력을 갖추게 할 뿐만 아니라 어민소득을 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한 활어의 유통 질서를 갖추기 위해서 양식활어 근육의 품질을 정확하고도 신속하게 판정할 수 있는 기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 그러므로, 육질의 판정을 위한 기초자료로써 사육수조에서 운동여부와 운동횟수에 의한 양식 활어의 품질을 비교 검토하였다. 운동사육구(2회/1일, 0.5m/s)와 비운동사육구의 초기수분함량은 각각 73.44±0.87%, 72.88±0.25%의 함량이였다. 운동사육시간이 길어질수록 운동사육구에서는 수분함량이 운동5일째에는 73.56±0.22%였으며, 운동 20일에는 75.88±0.94%로 초기수분함량보다는 3%정도 증가하였다. 반면, 비운동사육구에서는 큰 변화를 나타내고 있지 않았다(p<0.05). 운동과 비운동시킨 참돔의 지질 함량의 변화는 운동시킨 참돔은 운동으로 인한 에너지 소비로 인하여 함량이 유의적으로 감소했으며(r=-0.35), 비운동사육구에서는 절식으로 인하여 지질함량이 감소하였다(r=-0.38). 파괴강도와 가장 밀접한 영향을 가지는 콜라겐은 운동과 비운동 모두 사육기간동안 큰 변화는 보이지 않았다. 초기의 파괴강도값은 1.45±0.02kg(운동사육구), 1.36±0.18kg(비운동사육구)이였으며 사육기간동안 운동사육구는 파괴강도값이 증가한 반면, 비운동수조에서는 참돔의 파괴강도는 사육기간동안 큰 유의차가 없었다. 각 성분간의 상관도를 살펴보면, 수분함량과 파괴강도는 상관성을 가졌으며, 지질함량과 파괴강도도 같은 경향은 나타내었다. 운동기간동안의 파괴강도와 콜라겐 사이에는 상관성의 거의 없었다. 이는 운동기간에 따른 파괴강도의 증가가 콜라겐의 함량의 증가보다는 지질함량의 감소와 수분함량의 증가와 같은 성분과의 상관성이 크다고 판단된다. 다음으로는, 운동횟수에 의한 영향으로써 운동시간을 1일 6시간으로 설정하여, 운동횟수를 결정하기 위하여 오전, 오후에 각 3시간씩 운동시키는 방법과 오전부터 6시간동안 운동시키는 두 방법을 이용하여 품질을 비교하였다. 각 조건에 따라 운동시킨 참돔의 수분함량을 나타낸 것으로, 2회(오전 3시간, 오후 3시간)에 나누어서 운동시키기 위한 육의 수분함량은 73.37±2.02%를 나타냈으며, 1회(6시간 운동)운동시키기 위한 육은 71.74±1.66%을 나타내었다. 각각의 운동조건에서 양식된 참돔은 사육초기에는 큰 변화가 없었으나, 사육 5일 이후에는 수분함량이 증가하여 15일에는 76.40±0.14, 75.62±0.98%의 수분함량을 2회와 1회 운동시킨 참돔의 육에서 각각 나타났다. 운동횟수에 따른 지질함량은 2회 운동시킨 참돔은 5.83±2.08, 1회 운동시킨 참돔은 6.72±1.84%을 나타났으며, 사육기간이 증가할수록 함량은 감소하였다. 하루 1회운동시킨 참돔은 지질 함량의 감소율이 2회 운동시킨 참돔보다는 작았지만, 1회 운동시킨 참돔과 마찬가지로 운동기간동안 지질은 감소하였다. 운동횟수와 상관없이 운동기간동안 콜라겐의 함량은 큰 증가를 보이지 않았다. 파괴강도값은 운동횟수가 많을수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 운동시킨 참돔은 운동횟수에 상관없이 지질 함량이 감소할수록 파괴강도값이 증가하였으며, 운동횟수가 하루 2회인 참돔에서는 지질함량과 파괴강도값이 높은 상관관계를 나타내고 있다(p<0.05, r=0.866(2회/1일). 운동기간과 파괴강도의 값, 운동기간과 수분함량, 운동기간과 지질함량간의 상관성은 운동횟수에 상관없이 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한, 콜라겐함량은 운동기간과 상관관계 없이 상관성이 낮았다. 그러므로, 본 실험의 목적인 양식산 활어의 품질판정을 하기 위한 요인으로 동일 어종에는 콜라겐보다는 파괴강도, 수분함량 및 지질함량과의 관계를 상관성을 가지므로, 양식 활어의 품질판정 요인으로 선정하였다.

  • PDF

The Effect of Estrogen on the Transcription of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Gene in the Uterus (자궁 내 insulin-like growth factor-I 유전자 발현에 미치는 에스트로겐의 영향)

  • Kwak, In-Seok
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.19 no.5
    • /
    • pp.593-597
    • /
    • 2009
  • The uterus plays a critical role in pregnancy and steroid hormones, and both estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) especially play important roles in the cross-talk between embryos and uterus to support the pregnancy. E2 stimulates uterine growth during early pregnancy to prepare for implantation of embryos. This cross-talk during the implantation period involves hormones (E2 and P4) and growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). In the uterus of a pregnant pig, the action of E2 is mediated by estrogen receptor-${\beta}$ (ER-${\beta}$). The expression of ER-a was much higher in early pregnancy than in mid- and late- pregnancy, suggesting E2 secretion from embryos enhances transcription of ER-a during early pregnancy. In order to prove whether IGF-I is an E2 target gene, quantitative real-time PCR was performed on ovariectomized murine uterus with E2 and/or P4 treatment(s). Increased IGF-I mRNA expression was observed with E2 treatment, however, it was not significantly induced by P4 treatment, which clearly demonstrates that, in mice, E2 depends on the activation of uterine IGF-I gene expression. The expression of IGF-I in the uterus of pigs was much higher in early pregnancy than in mid- and late- pregnancy and these data exhibited the same expression pattern with the ER-${\beta}$ gene expression in the uterus. It suggests that a positive co-relationship between IGF-I and ER-${\beta}$ expression exists in the uterus, and that both gene expressions of IGF-I and ER-${\beta}$ are regulated by E2. It further suggests that uterine the IGF-I gene expression might be initiated by E2 secreted from embryos to increase ER-${\beta}$ gene expression, and that this increased ER-${\beta}$ further stimulates the expression of IGF-I in the uterus during early pregnancy.

Effects of Fermented Wild-ginseng Culture by-products on Growth Performance, Blood Characteristics, Meat Quality and Ginsenoside Concentration of Meat in Finishing Pigs (발효산삼 배양액 부산물 급여가 비육돈의 생산성, 혈액성상, 육질특성 및 육내 Ginsenoside 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Jang, H.D.;Kim, H.J.;Min, B.J.;Cho, J.H.;Chen, Y.G.;Yoo, J.S.;Lee, J.J.;Han, M.H.;Kim, In-Ho
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.49 no.3
    • /
    • pp.329-340
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to evaluate effects of fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product on growth performance, blood characteristics, meat quality and ginsenoside concentration of meat in finishing pigs. Forty-eight pigs(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, 76.26±1.06kg average initial body weight) were used in 49d growth assay. Dietary treatments were included 1) CON(basal diet), 2) FWG1(basal diet+2.5% fermented wild-ginseng cultures by-product) and 3) FWG2(basal diet+5.0% fermented wild-ginseng cultures by-product). The pigs were allotted into four pigs per pen with four replicate pens per treatment by completely randomized design. No differences were found among treatments for ADG, ADFI and gain/feed from 0day to 49day of the experiment(P>0.05). Dry matter digestibility was greater in FWG1 treatment than CON treatment(P<0.05). In cholesterol concentration of blood, HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in CON treatment than FWG1 treatment(P<0.05). In meat quality, TBARS was significantly lower in FWG1 and FWG2 treatments than CON treatment(P<0.05). In sensory evaluation, Marbling was significantly higher in CON treatment than FWG1 treatment(P<0.05). Firmness in FWG2 and CON treatments was higher than FWG1 treatment(P<0.05). In meat color, L*-value of longissmus dorsi muscle was increased in FWG1 treatment compared to CON and FWG2 treatments(P<0.05). a* and b*-value of longissmus dorsi muscle were increased in CON and FWG1 treatments compared to FWG2 treatment (P<0.05). Ginsenoside concentration of meat was significantly higher in FWG2 treatment than CON treatment(P<0.05). In conclusion, fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product was effective for improving dry matter, TBARS, firmness, meat color and ginsenoside concentration of meat in finishing pigs.

Vegetation Structure of Evergreen Broad-Leaved forest in Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.), Jeju-Do, Korea (제주도 동백동산 상록활엽수림의 식생구조)

  • Han, Bong-Ho;Kim, Jong-Yup;Choi, In-Tae;Lee, Kyong-Jae
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
    • /
    • v.21 no.4
    • /
    • pp.336-346
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the vegetation structure of 34 plots for inspection(plot unit: $100m^2$)of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.), Jeju-do, Korea. In accordance with the results of TWINSPAN and mean importance percentage analysis, the target forest was aged $28{\sim}52$, and classified into seven community types in total: Ilex rotunda community, Castanopsis sieboldii community, Castanopsis sieboldii-Quercus glauca community, Quercus glauca-Castanopsis sieboldii community, Quercus glauca community, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica community, and Quercus glauca-Styrax japonica community. According to the results of importance percentage analysis and DBH class distribution of major woody species, the vegetational aspects showed that the dominant species were Castanopsis sieboldii and Quercus glauca in the canopy layer and Camellia japonica in the subordinate layer. Ilex rotunda and Quercus glauca-Styrax japonica community were damaged vegetation in the canopy layer. According to the index of Shannon's diversity in the six communities including the dominant species - Quercus glauca and Castanopsis sieboldii, their species diversity degree was $0.8745{\sim}1.3018$ and that of Ilex rotunda community was the lowest 0.7619. Camellia japonica, Eurya japonica, Ilex rotunda, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, Ardisia crenata appeared in all the seven communities. In addition, Litsea coreana and Cinnamomum japonicum as well as Neolitsea serica presumed as climax species in the warm temperate climate also appeared and the constancy ratio of Cinnamomum japonicum was more than 80%. As a result, the target forest in Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) was mainly compose of Castanopsis sieboldii and Quercus glauca in the canopy layer as a mixed vegetational pattern, and Cameliia japonica was dominant in the subordinate layer. Continuous monitoring was required, since Camellia japonica was strong in the subordinate layer in contrast to the weakness of Litsea coreana and Neolitsea serica reported as the species of climax stage in the forest with Evergreen Broad-leaved Vegetation at a viewpoint of successional direction.

Lithologic and Structural Controls and Geochemistry of Uranium Deposition in the Ogcheon Black-Slate Formation (옥천대(沃川帶) 우라늄광층(鑛層)의 구조규제(構造規制) 및 지구화학적(地球化學的) 특성연구(特性硏究))

  • Lee, Dai Sung;Yun, Suckew;Lee, Jong Hyeog;Kim, Jeong Taeg
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
    • /
    • v.19 no.spc
    • /
    • pp.19-41
    • /
    • 1986
  • Structural, radioactive, petrological, petrochemical, mineralogical and stable isotopic study as well as the review of previous studies of the uranium-bearing slates in the Ogcheon sequence were carried out to examine the lithological and structural controls, and geochemical environment in the uranium deposition in the sequence. And the study was extended to the coal-bearing formation (Jangseong Series-Permian) to compare the geochemical and sedimentologic aspects of uranium chemistry between Ogcheon and Hambaegsan areas. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The uranium mineralization occurs in the carbonaceous black slates of the middle to lower Guryongsan formation and its equivalents in the Ogcheon sequence. In general, two or three uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds are found with about 1 to 1.5km stratigraphic interval and they extend from Chungju to Jinsan for 90km in distance, with intermittent igneous intrusions and structural Jisturbances. Average thickness of the beds ranges from 20 to 1,500m. 2. These carbonaceous slate beds were folded by a strong $F_1$-fold and were refolded by subsequent $F_1$-fold, nearly co-axial with the $F_1$, resulting in a repeated occurrence of similar slate. The carbonaceous beds were swelled in hing zones and were shrinked or thined out in limb by the these foldings. Minor faulting and brecciation of the carbonaceous beds were followed causing metamorphism of these beds and secondary migration and alteration of uranium minerals and their close associations. 3. Uranium-rich zones with high radioactive anomalies are found in Chungju, Deogpyong-Yongyuri, MiwonBoun, Daejeon-Geumsan areas in the range of 500~3,700 cps (corresponds to 0.017~0.087%U). These zones continue along strike of the beds for several tens to a few hundred meters but also discontinue with swelling and pinches at places that should be analogously developed toward underground in their vertical extentions. The drilling surveyings in those area, more than 120 holes, indicate that the depth-frequency to uranium rich bed ranging 40~160 meter is greater. 4. The features that higher radioactive anomalies occur particularly from the carbonaceous beds among the argillaceous lithologic units, are well demonstrated on the cross sections of the lithology and radioactive values of the major uranium deposits in the Ogcheon zone. However, one anomalous radioactive zone is found in a l:ornfels bed in Samgoe, near Daejeon city. This is interpreted as a thermal metamorphic effect by which original uranium contents in the underlying black slate were migrated into the hornfels bed. 5. Principal minerals of the uranium-bearing black slates are quartz, sericite, biotite and chlorite, and as to chemical composition of the black slates, $Al_2O_3$ contents appear to be much lower than the average values by its clarke suggesting that the Changri basin has rather proximal to its source area. 6. The uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds contain minor amounts of phosphorite minerals, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides but not contain iron oxides. Vanadium. Molybdenum, Barium, Nickel, Zirconium, Lead, Cromium and fixed Carbon, and some other heavy metals appear to be positive by correlative with uranium in their concentrations, suggesting a possibility of their genetic relationships. The estimated pH and Eh of the slate suggests an euxenic marine to organic-rich saline water environment during uranium was deposited in the middle part of Ogcheon zone. 7. The Carboniferous shale of Jangseong Series(Sadong Series) of Permian in Hambaegsan area having low radioactivity and in fluvial to beach deposits is entirely different in geochemical property and depositional environment from the middle part of Ogcheon zone, so-called "Pibanryong-Type Ogcheon Zone". 8. Synthesizing various data obtained by several aspects of research on uranium mineralization in the studied sequence, it is concluded that the processes of uranium deposition were incorporated with rich organic precipitation by which soluble uranyl ions, $U{_2}^{+{+}}$ were organochemically complexed and carried down to the pre-Ogcheon sea bottoms formed in transitional environment, from Red Sea type basin to Black Sea type basin. Decomposition of the organic matter under reducing conditions to hydrogen sulfide, which reduced the $UO{_2}^{+2}$ ions to the insoluble uranium dioxide($UO_2$), on the other side the heavy metals are precipitated as sulfides. 9. The EPMA study on the identification of uraninite and others and the genetic interpretation of uranium bearing slates by isotopic values of this work are given separately by Yun, S. in 1984.

  • PDF

The Effect of 15% Carbamide Peroxide on the Surface Roughness and Staining of Esthetic Restoratives (15% Carbamide Peroxide가 심미수복재의 표면조도와 착색에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Soo-Hwa;Choi, Hye-Sook;Roh, Jj-Yeon;Kim, Kwang-Mahn
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
    • /
    • v.13 no.2
    • /
    • pp.165-173
    • /
    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface change after 15% carbamide peroxide home bleaching to various restorative materials (composite resin [CR], resin modified glass ionomer [RMGI] and glass ionomer [GI]) and to observe the effect of surface condition of the materials on re-staining. Three esthetic restorative materials (Filtek Z250, 3M, USA; Fuji II LC, GC, Japan; Fuji II, GC, Japan) were used in this study. Twenty specimens per material group were made and divided into two groups (bleached and control). The specimens were immersed in coffee after applying bleaching agent. The color change and surface roughness were measured before and after bleaching and after immersion in coffee. The data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0. The results were as follows: 1. The color of all experiment groups was significantly changed after bleaching (p<0.05). RMGI was the greatest value of ${\Delta}E^*$ and ${\Delta}L^*$. GI and CR groups were in ordering (p<0.05). The ${\Delta}a^*$ value was decreased GI, RMGI and CR. RMGI was only significantly decreased in ${\Delta}b^*$ value (p<0.05). 2. The surface roughness before and after bleaching was significantly different on CR, RMGI and GI (p<0.05). 3. After staining with coffee, the value of ${\Delta}E^*$ was increased in GI, RMGI and CR, furthermore GI and RMGI showed significant difference in the bleaching groups (p<0.05). The ${\Delta}L^*$ value of GI and RMGI was significantly decreased. 4. The change of surface roughness after staining was not significantly different in all groups (p>0.05). The maintenance of color stability in esthetic restorations is one of the most important properties. Tooth whitening is for the aesthetic. Therefore, dental professionals should notice to patients about re-staining after tooth whitening. They should give an instruction that how to prevent and which kinds of agents could be stained.

Induction of G1 Arrest by Methanol Extract of Lycopus lucidus in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells (택란 메탄올 추출물에 의한 인체 폐암 세포주 A549의 G1 arrest 유발)

  • Park, Hyun-Jin;Jin, Soojung;Oh, You Na;Yun, Seung-Geun;Lee, Ji-Young;Kwon, Hyun Ju;Kim, Byung Woo
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.23 no.9
    • /
    • pp.1109-1117
    • /
    • 2013
  • Induction of G1 Arrest by Methanol Extract of Lycopus lucidus in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells Lycopus lucidus, a herbaceous perennial, is used as a traditional remedy in East Asia, including China and Korea. It has been reported that L. lucidus has anti-allergic effects, inhibitory effects on cholesterol acyltransferase in high glucose-induced vascular inflammation, and anti-proliferative effects in human breast cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of L. lucidus have not yet been fully determined. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect and the mechanism of action of L. lucidus in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells using methanol extracts of L. lucidus (MELL). MELL treatment showed cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner and induced G1 arrest in A549 cells. The induction of G1 arrest by MELL was associated with the up-regulation of phospho-CHK2 and the down-regulation of Cdc25A phosphatase. In addition, MELL treatment induced decreased expression of G1/S transition-related proteins, including CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. MELL also regulated the mRNA expression of CDK2 and cyclin E. On the other hand, the expression of p53 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 was not induced by MELL. Collectively, these results suggest that MELL may exert an anti-cancer effect by cell cycle arrest at G1 phase through the ATM/CHK2/Cdc25A/CDK2 pathway in A549 cells.

Analysis of Antigenic and Genetic Variability of G-protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A Isolated in Korea over 8 Years(1990~1998) (국내에서 분리된 Respiratory Syncytial Virus A 아군의 항원성의 변이와 G-단백 mRNA의 RT-PCR 생산물의 제한효소 처리 및 염기 서열 결정을 통한 유전자 변이의 분석)

  • Choi, Eun Hwa;Park, Ki Ho;Lee, Hoan Jong
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
    • /
    • v.6 no.2
    • /
    • pp.219-233
    • /
    • 1999
  • Purpose : Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. This study was performed to analyze antigenic and genetic variation of G protein of subgroup A RSV. Methods : One hundred seventy-nine strains isolated at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital over 8 years-period from 1990 through 1998 were analysed for antigenic and genetic variability. Analysis was made by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies raised against RSV, and by restriction mapping and, for selected strains, nucleotide sequencing following amplification of full sequence of G gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results : Restriction fragment analysis of the amplified G protein gene revealed 23 restriction patterns, 12 of which included more than 2 isolate, and the most frequent genetic type comprised 30% of the strains. Indirect immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies revealed 6 antigenic types with one predominant pattern accounting for 91% of the total strains. The most frequent antigenic type had 21 restriction patterns, and some viruses with same restiction pattern had different monoclonal antibody reaction pattern. Nucleotide sequence homology of subgroup A was 91~93% between reference(A2, Long) and Korean isolates, 93~99% among Korean isolates. Maximum-parsimony analysis demonstrated that Korean isolates were distinct from reference strains and subgroup A strains were clustered in 4 groups. Conclusion : The restriction analysis pattern of G protein gene identified greater diversity within subgroup A than was seen with the monoclonal analysis and a variety of antigenic and genetic types of RSV are circulating in Korea which are different from reference strains or strains isolated from other countries.

  • PDF

Effects of Artificial Light Sources on the Photosynthesis, Growth and Phytochemical Contents of Butterhead Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the Plant Factory (식물공장에서 인공광원의 종류가 반결구상추의 광합성, 생육 및 기능성물질 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Dong Eok;Lee, Hye Jin;Kang, Dong Hyeon;Lee, Gong In;Kim, You Ho
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
    • /
    • v.22 no.4
    • /
    • pp.392-399
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study aimed to investigate responses of photosynthesis, plant growth, and phytochemical contents to different artificial light sources for 'Seneca RZ' and 'Gaugin RZ' two butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). In this study, fluorescent lamps (FL), three colors LEDs (red, blue and white, 5 : 4 : 1; RBW) and metalhalide lamps (MH) were used as artificial lighting sources. Photoperiod, air temperature, relative humidity, EC, and pH in a cultivation system were maintained at 16/8 h, $25/15^{\circ}C$, 60~70%, $1.4{\pm}0.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and $6.0{\pm}0.5$, respectively. The photosynthetic rate of both two butterhead lettuce were the highest under RBW in middle growth stage. However, in late growth stage, the photosynthetic rate of both two butterhead lettuce were higher under RBW and MH than FL. The light sources showed significant results for plant growth but those effects were different to variety. Fresh and dry weight of 'Gaugin RZ' butterhead lettuce under MH were heavier than other lights in all growth stages. Growth of 'Seneca RZ' butterhead lettuce was maximized highest under MH in middle growth stage and FL in late growth stage. In the leaf tissue of 'Seneca RZ' butterhead lettuce, tipburn symptom occurred under all light sources and in the leaf tissue of 'Gaugin RZ' butterhead lettuce, it occurred under two light sources except for fluorescent lamps in late growth stage. kinds of lamp affect plant growth more than plant quality. Relative growth rate of both two butterhead lettuce was faster in middle growth stage than late stage. Growth of 'Gaugin RZ' was shown by kinds of lamp in middle growth stage and but it was not significantly affected by light sources and variety in late stage. Most of the phytochemical contents of two butterhead lettuce were significantly affected by different light sources. Contents of all vitamins showed higher than other light sources on RBW for both two lettuce, especially ${\beta}$-Carotene content of 'Gaugin RZ' was the highest. Plant growth, photosynthesis, and phytochemical contents were observed significant effects by different light sources for two butterhead lettuce but those effects were highly different between variety and kinds of phytochemicals. Therefore, the selection of optimum light source should be considered by variety and kinds of phytochemicals in the plant factory.

Studies on the Investigation into Original Form of Natural Monument No.404 Orijangnim in Jacheon-ri, Yeongcheon (천연기념물 제404호 영천 자천리 오리장림의 원형 규명)

  • Lim, Won-Hyeon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.83-94
    • /
    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study is to offer basic data about prototype conservation of the Orijangnim, natural monument No. 404. For this study, March to August 2010, was a literature surveys and field research, and based on this, the Delphi survey of local residents and experts meeting were diagnosed with forest back ground, spatial extent, in the form of forests, flora and vegetation of the surrounding area, so examined closely the original form. Range of the Orijangnim was presumed from Jacheon middle school entrance($N36^{\circ}05^{\prime}59.9^{{\prime}{\prime}}/E128^{\circ}54^{\prime}32.9^{{\prime}{\prime}}$) to Odong of Hwabukmyeon village entrance($N36^{\circ}05^{\prime}31.0^{{\prime}{\prime}}/E128^{\circ}54^{\prime}32.5^{{\prime}{\prime}}$). The Orijangnim in the original form of the existing forest surrounding the village along gohyeon river going back a long S-shaped about 2km is considered. The investigated vascular plants consist of total 198 taxa : 2 forms, 20 varieties, 179 species, 152 Genera, 72 Families. Most of the 60 kinds of large land plants lots of whole plants accounted for 33.3%. A main vegetation of the Orijangnim have been distributed 473 objects of 21 species, and evergreen conifers is 19% to 92 objects, on the other hand, deciduous broadleaf tree is 79% to 373 objects, so the Orijangnim can be maxed forest that deciduous broadleaf tree is dominant. When consider the composition purpose of forest, environment of location, tree size, surrounding flora and vegetation, because an original vegetation of Orijangnim is suggested Zelkova serrata, Salix glandulosa, Celtis sinensis Pers., Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima , Sophora japonica L., Cornus walteri Wanger. we must restore around such species of tree. Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loudon, Chaenomeles sinensis, Prunus yedoensis Matsum., Ginkgo biloba , Pinus thunbergii Parl., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee is considered to have been planted in the last.