• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.935-943
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• 2004

Most of the accelerated life tests deal with tests that use only one accelerating variable and no other explanatory variables. Frequently, however, there is a test to use more than one accelerating or other experimental variables, such as, for examples, a test of capacitors at higher than usual conditions of temperature and voltage, a test of circuit boards at higher than usual conditions of temperature, humidity and voltage. A accelerated life test is extended to M-level stress accelerated life test with k-stress variables. The optimal design for Weibull distribution is studied with k-stress variables.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 1998

A Bayes criterion for testing the equality of covariance matrices of two multivariate normal distributions is proposed and studied. Development of the criterion invloves calculation of Bayes factor using the imaginary sample method introduced by Spiegelhalter and Smith (1982). The criterion is designed to develop a Bayesian test criterion, so that it provides an alternative test criterion to those based upon asymptotic sampling theory (such as Box's M test criterion). For the constructed criterion, numerical studies demonstrate routine application and give comparisons with the traditional test criteria.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.108-108
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• 2004

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2012

It is well known that one could use a fixed loxodromic or parabolic element of a non-elementary group $G{\subset}M(\bar{\mathbb{R}}^n)$ as a test map to test the discreteness of G. In this paper, we show that a test map need not be in G. We also construct an example to show that the similar result using an elliptic element as a test map does not hold.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2007

Pre-loads could be imposed on the braced wall to prevent the horizontal displacements during the ground excavation adjacent to the existing tunnel. For this purpose, new pre-loading system through which large pre-loads could be applied to the braced wall was used in the model tests. Large scale model tests were performed in the real scale test pit which was 2.0 m in width and 6.0 m in hight and 4.0 m in length. Test ground was constructed by sand. Model tunnel in 1.2 m diameter was constructed before test ground excavation. Test ground was excavated adjacent to existing tunnel and was braced. To investigate the effect of pre-loading, tests without pre-load were also performed. During the ground excavation were the behavior of braced wall, test tunnel, and ground measured. Model tests were also numerically analysed and their results were compared to that of the real scale tests. As a result, it was found that the stability of the existing tunnel was greatly enhanced when the horizontal displacements of braced wall was reduced by applying pre-load larger than the design load.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify functional problems, including walking ability, of patients with strokes using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and to present a method that could solve functional problems, thereby determining the applicability of the ICF to increase the quality of evaluation and intervention in clinical fields in the future. Methods: Information on stroke patients who were admitted and treated in a hospital was collected. The authors conducted evaluations, interventions, and measurements of the results of the ICF tool in order to improve gait abilities of patients. The subjects were trained using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) one hour a day and five times a week for four weeks. The result measurement variables were a six-minute gait test, 10 m velocity test, gait instability test, and measurements using the ICF sheet. Results: In the six-minute gait test, gait distance increased by 48 m, from 102 m to 150 m. The gait velocity test result showed an improvement from 0.36m/s to 0.44m/s. The subjects performed a gait instabilitytestwithacupfilledwith50mmwater. In the gait instability test, the amount of water was 38 mm before the intervention; however, it was 50 mm after the intervention. The gait velocity with a cup filled with water improved from 0.25m/s to 0.31m/s. Conclusion: An evaluation and intervention were designed with the ICF tool for stroke patients. Gait abilities improved when the PNF technique was used. The IFC method can be used for evaluation and intervention, and it could help improve gait abilities of stroke patients.

• Exercise Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

This study is to evaluate the availability of cardiorespiratory fitness measurement by 20 m shuttle run test based upon energy contribution rates of elite athletes in different sports type. Sixty-seven elite athletes attending K national university participated in this study. They were divided by three groups based upon sports type, composed of Anaerobic Group (sprint, jumps, weightlifting, throw; n=35), Aerobic Group (medium-long distance; n=9), and Combat Sport Group (judo; n=23). 20 m shuttle run test was conducted by Leger et al.(1982) method and calculating acceleration using measured shuttle run repetitions was conducted by Brewer et al.(1988) method. To test the usefulness of VO₂max, graded exercise treadmill test was conducted and standing long jump and 50 m run were measured as power fitness factors. Z-jump was used for measuring power, agility, and muscular endurance. Standing long jump and 50 m run of Anaerobic Group (AnG) was significantly higher than that of Aerobic Group (AeG) and Combat Sport Group (CG) (p<0.05). However, Z-jump of CG was significantly higher than that of AnG and AeG(p<.05). There was a higher correlation of 20 m shuttle run test and VO₂max in AnG(r= 0.577, p<.0001) and CG(r= 0.760, p<.0001). Otherwise, there was a low correlation of 20 m shuttle run test and VO₂max in AeG. There was no significant group difference to test the availability of 20 m shuttle run test and there was a reduced error when converting 20 m shuttle run results into VO₂max. This study examined the usefulness of 20 m shuttle run test by converting 20 m shuttle run repetition results into VO₂max calculation, which showed reduced error. Therefore, this study confirmed that it would be needed to convert 20 m shuttle run results into VO₂max for universal and practical use in the field without dividing sports type.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Background: Spinal metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and opioid receptors are involved in the modulation of nociception. Although opioid receptors agonists are active for pain, the effects of the compounds for the mGluRs have not been definitely investigated at the spinal level. We examined the effects of the intrathecal mGluR compounds and morphine in the nociceptive test, and then we further clarified the role of the spinal mGluRs. In addition, the nature of the pharmacological interaction after the coadministration of mGluRs compounds with morphine was determined. Methods: Catheters were inserted into the intrathecal space of male SD rats. For the induction of pain, $50{\mu}l$ of 5% formalin solution or a thermal stimulus was applied to the hindpaw. An isobolographic analysis was used for the evaluation of the drug interaction. Results: Neither group I mGluR compounds nor group III mGluR compounds produced any antinociceptive effect in the formalin test. The group II mGluR agonist (APDC) had little effect on the formalin-induced nociception. The group II mGluR antagonist (LY 341495) caused a dose-dependent suppression of the phase 2 flinching response on the formalin test, but it did not reduce the phase 1 response of the formalin test nor did it increase the withdrawal latency of the thermal stimulus. Isobolographic analysis revealed a synergistic interaction after the intrathecal delivery of a LY 341495-morphine mixture. Conclusions: These results suggest that group II mGluRs are involved in the facilitated processing at the spinal level, and the combination of LY 341495 with morphine may be useful to manage the facilitated pain state.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

We developed a novel micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) test socket using silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate with the cantilever array structure. We designed the round shaped cantilevers with the maximum length of $350{\mu}m$, the maximum width of $200{\mu}m$ and the thickness of $10{\mu}m$ for $650{\mu}m$ pitch for 8 mm x 8 mm area and 121 balls square ball grid array (BGA) packages. The MEMS test socket was fabricated by MEMS technology using metal lift off process and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) silicon etcher and so on. The MEMS test socket has a simple structure, low production cost, fine pitch, high pin count and rapid prototyping. We verified the performances of the MEMS test sockets such as deflection as a function of the applied force, path resistance between the cantilever and the metal pad and the contact resistance. Fabricated cantilever has 1.3 gf (gram force) at $90{\mu}m$ deflection. Total path resistance was less than $17{\Omega}$. The contact resistance was approximately from 0.7 to $0.75{\Omega}$ for all cantilevers. Therefore the test socket is suitable for BGA integrated circuit (IC) packages tests.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 1999

New examination of a predictive model for the ISO 9705 room-corner test have been m made for materials studied by L S Fire Laboratories, Italy. The ISO 9705 test subjects wall a and ceiling mounted materials to a comer ignition source of 100 kW for a duration of 10 m minutes; if flashover does not occur this is followed by 300 kW for another 10 minutes. The m materials that did not stay in place during combustion because of melting, dripping, or d distorting were simulated by an adjustment to the material's total available energy. For m mat려als that remain in place the simulation model appears to do well in its prl어ictions. A l large-s떠Ie room test results 뾰 compar벼 with the m여el’s prediction also.