• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.195-204
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of nutrient level and feeding method of split diets for a.m. and p.m. on laying hen performance, feed cost and eggshell quality. In experiment 1, 384 ISA Brown layers of 30∼38wk of age were assigned to four treatments which comprise of three replicates each containing 32 birds. The control(C) was fed a conventional single diet throughout the day and split diet groups(T1, T2 and T3) were offered high energy/protein-low Ca diets, and low energy/protein-high Ca diets in a.m.(04:00∼15:00) and p.m.(15:00∼21:00), respectively. In the split diet groups, daily ME and CP consumption, and feed cost were significantly reduced(P<0.05) compared to the C, while the hen-day egg production, average egg weight and daily feed intake were not different among treatments. Due to the reduced daily ME and CP intakes and feed cost, the conversions of feed, ME, CP and feed cost required per day and per kg egg mass were also significantly improved(P<0.05) in the split diet groups. Eggshell qualities (egg specific gravity, egg breaking strength and eggshell thickness) were improved(P<0.05) by split diet feeding. As the Ca level of the p.m. diet increased. In Experiment 2, 384 ISA Brown layers of 50∼58 wk of age were used in three treatments and each treatment was represented by four replicates each containing 32 birds. The control(C) was fed a conventional single diet throughout the day and split diet group(T1) was offered high energy/protein-low Ca diets, and low energy/protein-high Ca diets in a.m.(04:00∼l5:00) and p.m.(15:00∼21:00), respectively. T2 group was fed the diet mixed (50:50) with the a.m. diets in mash and p.m. diet in pellet used T1 group. In T1 and T2 groups, daily feed intake and average egg weight were significantly reduced(P<0.05) compared to the C, while the hen-day egg production was not influenced by the feeding system. Daily ME and CP consumption, and feed cost were reduced(p.0.05), and the conversions of ME, CP and feed cost required per egg were also significantly improved(P<0.05) in T1 and T2, while the conversions of feed, ME, CP and feed cost required per kg egg mass were not different to the C. Eggshell qualities of T1 and T2 were improved(P<0.05) compared to the others. It was concluded the feed and nutrients consumption, feed cost per day or per kg egg mass could be reduced by introducing split diets for a.m. and p.m. and the feeding method of mixed diet of split diets were also convenient and effective for sparing feed cost and improvement of eggshell quality.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 2013

This paper deals with the behavior of positive solutions to the following nonlocal polytropic filtration system $$\{u_t=(\mid(u^{m_1})_x{\mid}^{{p_1}^{-1}}(u^{m_1})_x)_x+u^{l_{11}}{{\int_0}^a}v^{l_{12}}({\xi},t)d{\xi},\;(x,t)\;in\;[0,a]{\times}(0,T),\\{v_t=(\mid(v^{m_2})_x{\mid}^{{p_2}^{-1}}(v^{m_2})_x)_x+v^{l_{22}}{{\int_0}^a}u^{l_{21}}({\xi},t)d{\xi},\;(x,t)\;in\;[0,a]{\times}(0,T)}$$ with nonlinear boundary conditions $u_x{\mid}{_{x=0}}=0$, $u_x{\mid}{_{x=a}}=u^{q_{11}}u^{q_{12}}{\mid}{_{x=a}}$, $v_x{\mid}{_{x=0}}=0$, $v_x|{_{x=a}}=u^{q21}v^{q22}|{_{x=a}}$ and the initial data ($u_0$, $v_0$), where $m_1$, $m_2{\geq}1$, $p_1$, $p_2$ > 1, $l_{11}$, $l_{12}$, $l_{21}$, $l_{22}$, $q_{11}$, $q_{12}$, $q_{21}$, $q_{22}$ > 0. Under appropriate hypotheses, the authors establish local theory of the solutions by a regularization method and prove that the solution either exists globally or blows up in finite time by using a comparison principle.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2019

One of the major challenges in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) for drug dependence is the physiological side effects on endocrine hormones. Because of the key role of the thyroid gland in the normal functioning of the human body and brain, this study examined the effect of MMT on thyroid function. Thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) were evaluated in normal and user treated with MMT who were referred to the Province Clinical & Pathology Center of Urmia, Iran. The study was conducted for three months using the Case Series method. A total of 270 samples were collected, 215 were from individuals who were not treated, whereas 55 were from men treated with methadone. Average levels of T3 and T4 in non-treated sample of men are $1.34{\pm}0.02ng/mL$ and $90.96{\pm}1.38ng/mL$ while the corresponding values for patients treated with methadone are $1.39{\pm}0.04ng/mL$ for T3 and $94.57{\pm}2.72ng/mL$ for T4. Mean TSH levels of the non-treated group and the methadone consuming group were $1.75{\pm}0.08{\mu}IU/mL$ and $3.17{\pm}0.45{\mu}IU/mL$, respectively. These results indicate that although men treated with methadone had higher levels of T3, T4, and TSH than normal individuals, only the difference in TSH level was significant. The importance of this difference among individuals on methadone maintenance programs should be investigated in larger samples over long periods of time. Additionally, the effects of methadone treatment on women should be examined.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 1996

During Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor wire fabrication the effect of the initial packing density on the final characteristics of superconductor wire was systematically studied. To increase the powder packing density with uniform distribution of superconducting core a billet insertion method processed by CIP was applied instead of the commonly used vibration and ramming method of powder insertion into silver sheath. Compared with the vibration and ramming method the billent insertion technique processed by CIP cause the 30% incre-specimen with 130${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(core thickness : 45 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$)and 5.24 mm width processed at 84$0^{\circ}C$for 200hrs. shows specimen with 130${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (core thickness ; 45${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$)and 5.24 mm width processed at 84$0^{\circ}C$ for 200 hrs. shows maximum 34A for Ic and 16, 700 A/cm2 for Ic measured at 77K and 0T. Also the sample rolled 3 times shows maximum 7, 2A for Ic and 11, 000 A/cm2 for 77K and 0T. Based on X-ray experimental results the formation of Bi-2223 and texture were significantly well developed at the interface between the superconducting core and silver sheath as compared with those of the interior area of superconducting core.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.330-336
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• 2009

The size of crystallites in mono-dispersed cubic silver bromide grains was measured by applying a powder X-ray diffraction method and Scherrer's equation to grains that were suspended in swollen gelatin layers. In order to evaluate the existence of defects, the measured crystallite size was compared to those measured by using a scanning electron microscope. In the case of the grains prepared by the controlled double jet method, the size of crystallites was equal to the edge length of the grains that had edge lengths smaller than 400 nm. This result proved the usefulness of the above-stated method for measuring the size of crystallites and also evaluating the presence of any crystal defect in each grain. In the case of the grains, which were precipitated in the presence of a sensitizing dye and potassium iodide, the size of crystallites was smaller than the edge's length, indicating the discontinuities in the grains introduced during the precipitation process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 1996

In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of the edge independence number of a random (n,n)-tree. The tools we use include the matrix-tree theorem, the probabilistic method and Hall's theorem. We begin with some definitions. An (n,n)_tree T is a connected, acyclic, bipartite graph with n light and n dark vertices (see [Pa92]). A subset M of edges of a graph is called independent(or matching) if no two edges of M are adfacent. A subset S of vertices of a graph is called independent if no two vertices of S are adjacent. The edge independence number of a graph T is the number $\beta_1(T)$ of edges in any largest independent subset of edges of T. Let $\Gamma(n,n)$ denote the set of all (n,n)-tree with n light vertices labeled 1, $\ldots$, n and n dark vertices labeled 1, $\ldots$, n. We give $\Gamma(n,n)$ the uniform probability distribution. Our aim in this paper is to find bounds on $\beta_1$(T) for a random (n,n)-tree T is $\Gamma(n,n)$.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2019

Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (VA). It is important to determine the VA content of EVA, since the properties of EVA depend highly on the VA content. EVA copolymers have been used in a wide range of applications appropriate for the different VA contents. IR, NMR, and TGA are generally used for determination of the VA content of EVA copolymers. Of these, TGA is the most reliable method and can be applied to cured EVAs. Analytical methods for determination of the VA content and properties of EVA copolymers via TGA were herein reviewed. Thermal behaviors of EVA copolymers (glass transition temperature ($T_g$), melting point ($T_m$), and crystallization temperature ($T_c$)) determined by DSC were also reviewed. Analysis of the related literature revealed that the $T_g$, $T_m$, and $T_c$ decrease by about 0.46, 1.36, and $2.08^{\circ}C$, respectively, for every 1 wt% in VA content. A method for determining the degree of crosslinking of cured EVA copolymers was also reviewed, and the degree of crosslinking tends to increase with the decrease in the VA content.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 1989

A method of analysis of the steady-state performance of induction motor with supply voltage controlled by cyclically-triggered inline thyristors is presented. Phase-variable model and asymmetrical components are not used in this analysis. Instead, Fast Fourier Transform technique and the method of multiple reference frames are employed to obtain the constant-speed performance of I.M. easily.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2002

Make Photochromic lens Photochromism estimation method, and gouge photochromic lens and investigated UV light source to apply. UV light source irradiation ago and after wavelength dependence of photo-transmittance (T%) of darkening and fading state by do optical equipment which is consisted of spectrophotometer, light source, power meter and detecter. Use relative ratio value of maximum $T%{\times}{\lambda}$ area and saturated state area in light off. Dependences estimation introduced darkening efficiency $(K_d)=(1-C_1/A_1)/t_{on}$ relationship value course fading efficiency$(K_f)=(C_2/A_2)/t_{on}$ value during Photochromism's irradiation time in Photochromic lens. Wavelength dependence of transmittance (T%) has form of $T_m+T_1{\exp}[-(x_0-t)/a]$ in Darkening course fading state. Can receive each estimation parameter value as result that apply Photochromism's estimation parameter Z, $K_d$, $K_f$ in Photochromic lens.

• IE interfaces
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1996

The Delphi method is widely used for long and middle range forecasting in management science. It is a method by which the subjective data of experts are made to converge using statistical analysis. The Fuzzy Delphi Method(F.D.M.), anew application of the Delphi method using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers(T.F.N.), can help to predict the uncertainty, synthesize the opinion and calculation of those assumed dissemblance index and fuzzy distance. Furthermore, the programming of the F.D.M. process to feed paper and data back to experts can make them more accurately predict the various information.