• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.499-507
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• 2012

Previous work has characterized myomodulin A (MMA, PMSMLRLamide) and myomodulin E (MME, GLQMLRLamide) purified from the central nervous systems of the sea hare, $Aplysia$ $Kurodai$, using the anterior byssus retractor muscle (ABRM) of the mussel, $Mytilus$ $edulis$. The amino acid sequences of MMA and MME were the same as those of the myomodulin family peptide found in other mollusks. In this study, we synthesized MME, its derivatives, and other neuropeptides to investigate the relationship between the structure and biological activity of MME. The primary structures of MME's derivatives, Des[$Gly^1$]-MME, Des[$Gly^1,Leu^2$]-MME, and Des[$Gly^1,Leu^2,Gln^3$]-MME, were LQMLRLamide, QMLRLamide, and MLRLamide, respectively. MMA and synthetic peptides were tested on ABRM in $M.$ $edulis$ as well as muscle preparations in $Achatina$ $fulica$. MME displayed an inhibitory effect on phasic contraction of the ABRM at $1{\times}10^{-9}$ M or higher. MME also had a relaxing effect on the catch-tension of AMRM at $1{\times}10^{-8}$ M. Both MMA and its analogs stimulated a contractile response on the crop and relaxed the catch-relaxing response on the penial retractor muscle of $A.$ $fulica$. These results suggest that MME and its analogs have modulatory effects on various muscles of mollusks. This study has also laid the groundwork for future neural and circuit modulation studies during animal behavioral changes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

Thirty-two methanol extracts of thirty-one Vietnamese medicinal plants were evaluated for the cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, including A549, MCF-7, HT 1080, Huh-7, and HepG2. Of these, the nine extracts of Acanthopanax trifoliatus (4), Acanthopanax gracilistylus (5), Siegesbeckia orientalis (10), Betula alnoides (11), Passiflora edulis (18), Zanthoxylum simulans (leaf, 23), Adenosma caeruleum (26), Solanum verbascifolium (29), and Alpinia malaccensis (31), exhibited high potent cytotoxic activity showing a certain degree of selectivity against the different cell types, with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 2.1 to $3.8\;{\mu}g/mL$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1993

In order to estimate the mesh selectivity master curves and the optimum mesh size, experiments were made by the cover net method with the cod-ends of the five different the opening mesh sizes(51.2mm, 70.2mm, 77.6mm, 88.0mm and 111.3mm). After that 163 hauling were performed and there by investigated, on the training vessel Saebada in the Southern Korean Sea and East China Sea from June 1991 to August 1992. In this report, the mesh selectivity master curves were fitted by using logistic function(S=1/(1+exp super(-(aR+b))), R=(L-L sub(0))/(M-M sub(0)) and the optimum mesh sizes were estimated from each master curve. In this case, a and b are the selection parameters, M is the mesh size of each experimental cod-end. L is body length, L sub(0) and M sub(0) is the distance from the coordinate origine to intersection of linear regression between 25% and 50% selection length. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Trachurus japonicus: Mesh selectivity master curve parameters: a and b were 2. 25, -4.73 respectively and optimum mesh size was estimated to be 79.3mm. 2. Trichiurus lepturus: Mesh selectivity master curve parameters: a and b were 0.81, -3.17 respectively and optimum mesh size was estimated to be 64.5mm. 3. Photololigo edulis: Mesh selectivity master curve parameters: a and b were 1.30m, -4.10 respectively and optimum mesh size was estimated to be 89.9mm. 4. Todarodes pacificus: Mesh selectivity master curve parameters: a and b were 1. 35, -3.45 respectively and optimum mesh size was estimated to be 89.4mm.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2001

The distribution and seasonal changes of the intertidal macrobenthos community was performed on five intertidal rocky stations of Hwasoon at Jeju Islands September 1999 to August 2000. The macrobenthos was composed of six phyla, 13 classes, 24 orders, 49 families, and 97 species. The dominant species of the upper zones were Nodilittorina exigua, Notoacmea schrenckii, Liolophura japonica and Patelloida saccharina. Those of the middle zones were Monodonta labio, Chthamalus challengeri, Siphonalia japonica and Liolophura japonica. Those of the lower zones were Siphonalia sirius, Patelloida saccharina, Chthamalus challengeri, and Liolophura japonica. The community dominance indices of the upper zones were much higher than those of the middle and lower zones. Species diversity and evenness in all investigated zones were highest in station 1 and lowest in staton 3. But, species richness was highest in station 1 and lowest in station 4.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1968

1. A Study was to delineate the correlation relationship growth factors, a) height and clear-length, b) height and circle of breast height, c) height and circle of ground height, d) height and crown length, of phyllostachys reticulata kock and phyllostachys edulis riv, 2. The formula applied to arrive at correlation coefficient according to correlation table, was $e=\frac{1-{\mu}^2}{\sqrt{\Sigma}X^2y^2}$ the formula for average error was $e=0.6745\frac{1-{\mu}^2}{\sqrt{n}}$ 3. The correlation coefficient and average error by each species were as three tables. 4. Area of the sample plot were 0.5~1 acres. 5. Height, clear-length, circle of breast height, circle of ground height and crown-length of bamboos were measured by weise hypsometer and pole.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1363-1368
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• 2014

The physiological activities of cultivated Korean blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) were analyzed and compared. Both hot water extracts of blue mussel flesh (BMF) and green-lipped mussel flesh (GMF) showed increased activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). BMF showed increased ADH and slightly decreased ALDH activities compared to GMF. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of BMF was higher than that of GMF at the same concentration. BMF and GMF showed similar inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting enzyme at a concentration of 30 mg/mL. These results suggest that cultivated Korean blue mussel has similar physiological activity with New Zealand green-lipped mussel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.301-311
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• 1999

The investigation to evaluate the possible effects of fish behaviour on acoustic target strength was carried out during the 1997 and 1998 hydroacoustic-demersal trawl surveys in the southern waters of Korea.The swimming speed and the target strength of individual, acoustically resolved fished swimming through the sound beam were measured using the split-beam tracking method on board R/V Kaya.The results obtained can be summarized as follows:1. The alongship and athwartship angles between -3dB poionts of a hull mounted 38 kHz split beam tranducer used in these surveys was >$3.76^{\circ}\;and\;6.74^{\circ}$ respectively, and the equal energy contour obtained from the measured beam pattern showed approximately the circular pattern. 2. The swimming speed measured off the south coast of Sorido in 23 January 1997 ranged 0.10 to 0.80 m/s with the average swimming spped of 0.36 m/s, and the target strength ranged -64.8 to -31.7 dB with the average target strength of -52.7 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Japanese scaled sardine, Sardinella zunasi and Konoshiro gizzard shad, Konosirus punctatus, respectively.3. The swimming speed measured off the east coast of Kojedo in 24 March 1997 ranged 0.10 to 1.10 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.40 m/s, and the target strength ranged -64.8 to -51.5 dB with the average target strength of -59.2 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Photololigo edulis, Konoshiro gizzard shad and Japanese flying squid, Toddarodes pacificus, respectively and the swimming activity of these species seems to be controlled at speeds between 0.20 and 0.60 m/s. 4. The swimming speed measured the south coast of Kojedo in 25 March 1997 ranged 0.10 to 1.40 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.51 m/s and the target strength ranged -64.3 to -47.7 dB with the average target strength of -55.1 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Blotchy sillage, Sillago maculata and japanese scaled sardine, respectively and the swimming activity of these species seems to be controlled at speeds between 0.20 and 0.70 m/s.5. The swimming speed measured during morning twilight in the southeastern water of Cheju Island in 11 July 1998 ranged 0.20 to 1.0 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.53 m/s, and the target strength ranged -65.0 to -47.0 dB with the average target strength of -57.1 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Black scraper, Thamnaconus modesutus and japanese flying squid, respectively and the tile angle ranged$ +28^{\circ}\;to\;+2^{\circ}$ with the average tilt angle of -8.1$^{\circ}$ showing the downward migration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.84-85
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• 2003

조개류의 먹이생물인 미세조류를 대체할 수 있는 효모를 개발하기 위하여 빵효모 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Candida utilis, Klyveromyces fragilis 3종류의 효모를 대상으로 그 먹이효율을 실험하였다. 이들 3종류의 효모를 세포벽을 75, 50, 25% 제거한 것과 세포벽을 제거하지 않은 효모로 구분하여 Artemia를 대상으로 먹이효율을 조사한 후 가장 좋은 먹이효율을 보인 C. utilis를 조개류의 대표적 먹이생물인 Isoch교sis galbana 와 함께 진주담치 유생을 대상으로 먹이효율을 조사하였다. Artemia 실험결과 빵효모보다 C. utilis, K. fragilis가 높은 생존율과 성장을 보였으며 세포벽을 제거한 것이 제거하지 않은 것보다 유의적으로 높은 생존율을 보였다. Artemia의 생존율은 75%와 50% 세포벽을 제거한 것이 25%에 비해 유의적으로 높은 생존율을 보였다. 성장은 유의적이지는 않지만 전체적으로 세포벽을 많이 제거할수록 성장과 생존율은 높은 경향이었다. 이와같이 Artemia의 경우는 세포벽을 제거한 C. utilis가 더 좋은 먹이효율을 보인 것은 Artemia는 효모의 세포벽을 소화시키지 못하기 때문으로 판단 할 수 있다. 진주담치 유생의 먹이로 C. utilis를 공급한 경우 성장에 있어서 세포벽을 제거한 효모를 50% 대체한 실험구의 먹이효율이 가장 좋았으며 세포벽을 벗기지 않은 효모의 경우 I. galbana에 비해 낮은 결과를 보였다. 진주담치 유생에 있어서도 세포벽을 제거한 C. utilis를 공급한 것은 대조구인 I. galbana와 생존율에 있어 유의성이 없었다. 그리고 25% 세포벽을 제거한 것을 공급한 실험구는 유의적으로 낮은 생존율을 보였다. 각장 성장의 경우 75% 세포벽을 제거한 것은 대조구인 I. galbana와 유의성이 없었다. 세포벽을 제거한 C. utilis와 I. galbana를 1:1로 혼합하여 공급한 실험의 경우 생존율에 있어서는 세포벽을 50%, 75% 제거한 C. utilis를 50% 첨가한 실험구는 대조구인 I. galbana 100%를 공급한 것과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 성장의 경우는 I. galbana 에 세모벽을 75% 제거한 C. utilis를 1:1로 혼합한 실험구에서 각장 179.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 각고 150.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$로 가장 높았고 대조구인 I. galbana 100%와는 유의적인 차이를 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1990

For the purpose of investigation of demersal fisheries resources of the East China Sea, joint research between Hokkaido University and National Fisheries University of Pusan was carried out during the period from November 5 to November 12 in 1989. This joint research is due to continue for the next three years. In this report, the authors analyzed the catch of 24 draughts of trawl operating by the Oshorumaru of the training ship of Hokkaido University in the north area of the East China Sea, in order to hold the present condition of the demersal resources. The specimens collected were composed of 76 species of fishes, 6 of mollusca and 7 of crustacea. And the main species of the large catch were Raja kenojei, Zeus faber, Miichthys miiuy, Collichthys lucidus, Dentex tumifrons, Carangoides caeruleopinnatus, Trachurus japonicus, Parastromateus niger, Trichiurus leptulus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Pampus argenteus, Pampus echinogaster, Psenopsis anonala, Liparis tanakai, Thammaconus modestus, Tadarodes pacificus, Loligo edulis, and Portunus trituberculatus. Especially, Trichiurus leptulus, Pampus agrenteus and Thammaconus modestus had different modes of classes of body size individually, with changing of fishing ground. But, Tadarodes pacificus, Loligo edulis and Portunus trituberculatus were caught the maxed sizes of body individually in the same ground.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2005

A study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the nutritive value of some browse species from Kenya. The species evaluated included: Bauhinia alba, Bauhinia variegata, Bridelia micrantha, Calliandra calothyrsus, Carisa edulis, Cratylia argentea, Gliricidia sepium, Lantana camara, Maerua angolensis, Sesbania micrantha and S. sesban. The browses were evaluated by their chemical composition including phenolics, in vitro gas production and tannin activity (tannin bioassay). All the species had high crude protein content (149-268 g/kg DM) and low NDF content (239-549 g/kg DM). The feeds had varying contents of total extractable tannins (TET) ranging from low (3-22 mg/g DM), moderate (42-58 mg/g DM) and high (77-152 mg/g DM). Calliandra calothyrsus had the highest tannin content. Significant (p<0.05) variation in gas production was recorded among the species. Sesbania micrantha had the highest (p<0.05) potential gas production while Gliricidia sepium had the highest (p<0.05) rate of gas production. Use of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), to assess the adverse affect of tannins, indicated that tannins in browse species with high tannin content had inhibitory effects on rumen microbial fermentation as indicated by the gas production. Estimated organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy also increased with PEG addition. The results of this study indicate that such Kenyan browse species have the potential to be used as feed supplements for ruminant animals.