• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2004

To electropolymerize Polypyrrole(ppy) film modified with fullerene $ions(full^-)$ the cell, Au/5 mM pyrrole, 1mM fullerene, 0.1M $TBABF_4,\;CH_2Cl_2/Pt$, was employed to Prepare the wafer-like type of $electrode/ppy(full^-)ppy(full^-){\ldots}$ electrodes. They were applied to deposit alkali metal ions with the cell of Au(quartz crystal analyzer; QCA)/ppy$(full^-)$, 0.01M metal ion(aq.)/Pt. The depositing rate constant of each ion for $Li^+,\;Na^+,\;K^+,\;Rb^+\;and\;Cs^+$, determined from the first order equation was $1.60\times10^{-8},\;3.13\times10^{-11},\;1.38\times10^{-9},\;2.71\times10^{-11}\;and\;2.98\times10^{-12}mo1.s^{-1}$ respectively. The calculated stoichiometry of the ions determined by quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) at the electrodes was $Li_7C_{60},\;Na_4C_{60},\;K_3C_{60},\;Rb_1C_{60}\;and\;Cs_1C_{60}$ respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 1979

Egg masses of the root- knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. haply) were exposed to two different regimes of soil moisture (459 and 2459) and temperature ( -2$^{\circ}C$ and 33$^{\circ}C$), quite extreme condition in their natural environment, and their survival rate was compared. Three species did not show any difference in the rate when exposed to either soil moisture for 25 days, with the rate in the range of 8.6% to 10.4%. In response to temperature treatment, however, they differed : the best survival rate was obtained from M. incognita at high temperature ( 33"C) and from M, hapla at low temperature (-2$^{\circ}C$) plot. The third species (M. arenaria) was intermediate in both temperature regimes.imes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.376-381
• /
• 1998

The large scaled field test by prefabricated vertical drains was performed to evaluate the superiority of vertical discharge capacity for drain materials through compare and analyze the time-settlement behavior with drain spacing and the compression index and consolidation coefficient obtained by laboratory experiments and field monitoring system 1. The relation of measurement settlement( $S_{m}$) versus design settlement( $S_{t}$) and measurement consolidation ratio( $U_{m}$) versus design consolidation ratio( $U_{t}$) were shown $S_{m}$=(1.0~l.1) $S_{t}$, $U_{m}$=(1.13~l.17) $U_{t}$, at 1.0m drain spacing and $S_{m}$=(0.7~0.8) $S_{t}$, $U_{m}$=(0.92~0.99) $U_{t}$ at 1.5m drain spacing, respectively. 2. The relation of field compression index( $C_{cfield}$) and virgin compression index( $V_{cclab}$) was shown $C_{cfield}$=(1.0~1.2) $V_{cclab}$, But it was nearly same value when considered the error with determination method of virgin compression index and prediction method of total settlement. 3. field consolidation coefficient was larger than laboratory consolidation coefficient, and the consolidation coefficient ratio( $C_{h}$/ $C_{v}$) were $C_{h}$=(2.4 ~ 3.0) $C_{v}$. $C_{h}$=(3.5 ~ 4.3) $C_{v}$ at 1.0m and 1.5m drain spacing and increased with increasing of drain spacingngasing of drain spacingng spacingng

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.15A no.2
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we propose a new interconnection network topology, hierarchical folded hyper-star network HFH($C_n,\;C_n$), which is based on folded hyper-star network. Our results show that the proposed hierarchical folded hyper-star network performs very competitively in comparison to folded hyper-star network and hierarchical network HCN(m,m), HFN(m,m) have been previously proposed, when diameter ${\times}$ degree is used as a network cost measure. We also investigate various topological properties of HFH($C_n,\;C_n$) including connectivity, routing algorithm, diameter, broadcasting.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.892-897
• /
• 2005

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a growth factor required for growth and differentiation of mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Total and 16 poly (A) mRNA of bovine M-CSF were isolated from healthy bovine peripheral mononuclear cells stimulated by phobol 12-myristste 13-acetate (TPA). The more compatible cultured mononuclear cells were 5${\times}$10/ml for RNA isolation. TPA-activated mononuclear cells increased the level of M-CSF-mRNA more than concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The optimal analysis of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for14 Macrophage colonystimulating factor (M-CSF) as a growth factor required for bovine M-CSF was denaturation at 94$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute, annealing at 57$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute, extension at 72$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute for 30 cycles. The size of cDNA of bovine M-CSF by RT-PCR was 774 base pairs. A 774 base pairs cDNA encoding bovine M-CSF was synthesized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ligated cDNA was transformed to competent cells and then plasmid isolation and digestion was performed. Molecular cloning and sequencing were performed for cDNA of bovine M-CSF. The size of cloned cDNA of bovine M-CSF was 774base pairs. The homology of base sequence and amino acid sequence was 88% and 86% compared with known human M-CSF, respectively. From a high degree of sequence similarity, the obtained cDNA of bovine M-CSF is thought be a specific gene of bovine M-CSF.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.26 no.3_4
• /
• pp.471-479
• /
• 2008

Let $R\;{\in}\;C^{m{\times}m}$ and $S\;{\in}\;C^{n{\times}n}$ be nontrivial unitary involutions, i.e., $R^*\;=\;R\;=\;R^{-1}\;{\neq}\;I_m$ and $S^*\;=\;S\;=\;S^{-1}\;{\neq}\;I_m$. We say that $G\;{\in}\;C^{m{\times}n}$ is a generalized reflexive matrix if RGS = G. The set of all m ${\times}$ n generalized reflexive matrices is denoted by $GRC^{m{\times}n}$. In this paper, an efficient method for the least squares solution $X\;{\in}\;GRC^{m{\times}n}$ of the matrix equation AXB = D with arbitrary coefficient matrices $A\;{\in}\;C^{p{\times}m}$, $B\;{\in}\;C^{n{\times}q}$and the right-hand side $D\;{\in}\;C^{p{\times}q}$ is developed based on the canonical correlation decomposition(CCD) and, an explicit formula for the general solution is presented.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.379-389
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we study the competition between two kinds of suppliers, a bricks and mortars(B&M) and a clicks and mortars(C&M). Using the circular spatial market model, we derive and analyze the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria as a function of offline market share and efficiency of online channel of the C&M supplier. The result can be summarized as follows: (1) Stackelberg equilibrium is always superior to the Nash equilibrium, (2) Under certain conditions, the price of online channel can be higher than that of offline channel, (3) It is impossible for the C&M supplier to encroach on all of the B&M supplier's market, (4) In some cases, the C&M supplier has incentive to lower the efficiency of its online channel for more profit.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2008

The Acorn (Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS), which contains a large quantity of tannin, should be developed as a processed food as the acorn is rich in natural antioxidants and other valuable components. Accordingly, acorn extraction conditions for polyphenol and gallic acid (both antioxidants) were investigated by response surface methodology. The content of polyphenols were determined under 16 different extraction conditions based upon a central composite design. The parameters varied over $30-70^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature, 1-5 h of extraction time, and 5-25 mL/g of solvent ratio, Gallic acid extraction was optimal at $60-100^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature, 1-5 h of extraction time, and 5-25 mL/g of solvent ratio, Epicatechin content was highest at $56.77^{\circ}C$, 4.16 hand 22.38 mL/g. Catechin content was highest at $52.37^{\circ}C$, 2h and 23.59 mL/g. The maximum catechin content was $91.30{\mu}g/mL$. Epigallocatechin content was influenced by extraction temperature and time. The maximum epigallocatechin content was $1,066.56{\mu}g/mL$ at $61.42^{\circ}C$, 4.17h, and 9.25 mL/g. The maximum value of epicatechingallate content was $125.39{\mu}g/mL$ at $47.72^{\circ}C$, 3.04h, and 24.93mL/g. Epigallocatechingallate content was influenced principally by solvent ratio and the maximum content was $61.38{\mu}g/mL$ at $48.11^{\circ}C$, 2.96h, and 24.95mL/g. The total polyphenol content was maximal at $1,332.75{\mu}g/mL$, after extraction at $61.50^{\circ}C$, 4.24h, at 9.71mL/g. The higher the extraction temperature and the longer the extraction time, the greater the polyphenol content. Gallic acid content was highest, the maximal level was $30.51{\mu}g/mL$ after $65.84^{\circ}C$, 1.65h at 17.17 mL/g, and this was influenced principally by extraction time and solvent ratio.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 1993

Leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., var. crispa) packed in $20{\mu}m$ LDPE (perforated), $20{\mu}m$ LDPE, $30{\mu}m$ HDPE, and $40{\mu}m$ LDPE pouches was stored at $4^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. The quality of leaf lettuce during the storage was investigated in terms of weight loss, color, soluble solids content, texture and sensory properties. Leaf lettuce exhibited the highest storage stability at $4^{\circ}C$. Shelf-life of the packed leaf lettuce was prolonged approximately $10{\sim}15$ times in comparision with that of the unpacked under all temperature conditions. Among the packed leaf lettuce, self-life in $20{\mu}m$ LDPE (perforated) and $20{\mu}m$ LDPE pouches was relatively short mainly due to discoloration and deterioration. On the other hand, the quality of the leaf lettuce packed in $30{\mu}m$ HDPE and $40{\mu}m$ LDPE pouches was kept well during the storage. Particularly, $40{\mu}m$ LDPE pouches conferred the shelf-life superior to other film pouches.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2001

We have studied the effects of excitatory amino acids on the expression of the c-fos and c-jun mRNA in rat C6 glioma cells. The glutamate, $N-methyl-_D-aspartate$ (NMDA), and kainic acid (KA) increased c-fos mRNA level in a concentration-dependent manner. However, they did not affect c-jun mRNA level. In addition, forskolin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased c-fos mRNA level. Furthermore, PMA increased c-jun mRNA level whereas forskolin downregulated c-jun mRNA level. The glutamate, NMDA and KA, at a concentration of 0.25 mM, did not affect the basal c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels, and also did not affect forskolin- and PMA-induced responses. Furthermore, both forskolin and PMA itself increased the phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase) and CREB (cyclicAMP responsible element binding protein) proteins. The KA, NMDA, and glutamate did not affect forskolin- induced increase of ERK and CREB phosphorylation. The KA decreased PMA-induced increase of phosphorylation of ERK and CREB proteins, whereas glutamate and NMDA did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK and CREB proteins induced by PMA. These findings suggest that, in C6 glioma cells, c-fos mRNA induction induced by EAAs is not mediated by phosphorylation of ERK and CREB proteins.