• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.859-869
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• 1997

It is shown that for $A_{k, m}$ a k-homogeneous $C^*$-algebra over $S^{2n - 1} \times S^1$ such that no non-trivial matrix algebra can be factored out of $A_{k, m}$ and $A_{k, m} \otimes M_l(C)$ has a non-trivial bundle structure for any positive integer l, we construct an $A_{k, m^-} C(S^{2n - 1} \times S^1) \otimes M_k(C)$-equivalence bimodule to show that every k-homogeneous $C^*$-algebra over $S^{2n - 1} \times S^1)$. Moreover, we prove that the tensor product of the k-homogeneous $C^*$-algebra $A_{k, m}$ with a UHF-algebra of type $p^\infty$ has the tribial bundle structure if and only if the set of prime factors of k is a subset of the set of prime factors of pp.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2007

Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L) extract has been found to posses immunoregulating activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract activates splenocytes to secret interleukin $1\beta(IL-1\beta)$. The splenocytes were treated with M11C, and then collected the supernatant and cell lysate that were prepared to analyze the level of $IL-1\beta$, using ELISA, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR. Maximum effective dose and time of M11C on $IL-1\beta$ secretion from splenocytes were $200{\mu}g/m\ell$ and 8 hours, respectively. Treatment dose and time for the maximum expression of $IL-1\beta$ mRNA were $200{\mu}g/m\ell$ and 4 hours, respectively. Saccharide degradation enzyme Viscozyme L completely blocked the effect of M11C on $IL-1\beta$ secretion from splenocytes. As the result, among non-lectin components saccharide could be regarded as a main component for $IL-1\beta$ expression from splenocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.623-631
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• 2001

Let $\kappa$ be a real abelian field of conductor f and $\kappa$(sub)$\infty$ = ∪(sub)n$\geq$0$\kappa$(sub)n be its Z(sub)p-extension for an odd prime p such that płf$\phi$(f). he aim of this paper is ot compute the cohomology groups of circular units. For m>n$\geq$0, let G(sub)m,n be the Galois group Gal($\kappa$(sub)m/$\kappa$(sub)n) and C(sub)m be the group of circular units of $\kappa$(sub)m. Let l be the number of prime ideals of $\kappa$ above p. Then, for mm>n$\geq$0, we have (1) C(sub)m(sup)G(sub)m,n = C(sub)n, (2) H(sup)i(G(sub)m,n, C(sub)m) = (Z/p(sup)m-n Z)(sup)l-1 if i is even, (3) H(sup)i(G(sub)m,n, C(sub)m) = (Z/P(sup)m-n Z)(sup l) if i is odd (※Equations, See Full-text).

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1987

Let M be a positive real number and c a complex numbcr such that $\left|c-1\right|<M{\leq}Re{c}$. Let $f,f(z)=z+a_{2}Z^{2}+...,$ be analytic and univalent in the unit disc. It is said to belong to the class S(c, M) if $\left|zf'(z)/f(z)-c\right|<M$ We find growth and rotation theorems for the class S(c, M).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2018

A study was carried out to determine the influence of climatic environments on the growth characteristics and bulb quality of extremely early-maturing type onion grown at different altitudes, such as 60m, 200m, 350m and 700m above sea level (ASL). The mean air temperature during the growing season of extremely early-maturing type onion (October 18 to April 27) was $10.8^{\circ}C$, $9.6^{\circ}C$, $8.1^{\circ}C$ and $6.1^{\circ}C$ at 60m, 200m, 350m and 700m ASL. The mean air temperature during the bulb growth period (March 16 to April 14) was recorded $10.5^{\circ}C$, $9.4^{\circ}C$, $7.9^{\circ}C$ and $6.0^{\circ}C$ at 60m, 200m, 350m and 700 m ASL. Plant height, neck diameter, leaf number, leaf area, top fresh weight and top dry weight were significantly increased in growing of extremely early-maturing type onion at 60m ASL. Bulb/neck diameter ratio increased rapidly under the same temperature regime. The diameter and weight of the bulb were also the largest at 60m ASL during the bulb growth period (daily mean temperature of $12.5^{\circ}C$). At 60m ASL, there was the highest bulb size like a height, diameter and weight of bulb related directly on onion yield in the bulb growth period from March 16 to April 14. In contrast, yield and bulb quality were considerably decreased at 700m ASL during the bulb growth stage (daily mean temperature of $8.4^{\circ}C$). The quantity of extremely early-maturing type onion has gradually decreased as the daily average temperature drops below $12.5^{\circ}C$ during the bulb growth stage (March 16 to April 14). As a result, the lower temperature (daily mean temperature below $12.5^{\circ}C$) during the bulb growth stage significantly decreased the size and quantity of bulb in direction proportion.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1997

The rate constants and activation energies for formation of two chemical markers, M-1 and M-2 at sterilization temperatures were determined in a meatball system. Destruction rates for bacterial spores were also determined. The rate constants for M-1 and M-2 formation at $121^{\circ}C$ were 0.03 and 0.28 Abs/min, respectively. The activation energies for M-1 and M-2 were 27.9 and 24.6 Cal/mol. M-2 was formed faster than M-1 and reached a maximum and decreased. M-1 formation continued up to 30 min at $121^{\circ}C$ and 10 min at $131^{\circ}C$, which makes M-1 a more useful chemical marker for high $F_0$ values. The D-values for spores (B. stearothermophilus ATCC 12980) at 111, 114.4, 117.7 and $121^{\circ}C$ were 7.5, 4.5, 1.9 and 0.58 respectively. At temperatures between 111 and $121^{\circ}C$, there was a liner correlation between destruction of the spores and the M-1 formation. It was difficult to get accurate D-value at $126^{\circ}C\;and\;131^{\circ}C$, because almost all spores were dead before temperature at the center of the meatball reached $126^{\circ}C$. These data suggest that the chemical marker should be used to evaluate overprocessing as well as microbial lethality in aseptic processing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.222-222
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• 2013

GaN 기반 반도체는 넓은 bandgap을 가지고 있어 가시광부터 자외선까지 다양한 광전소자에 유용하게 사용된다. 광전소자중 발광다이오드의 경우 대부분 사파이어 기판위에 성장된다. 하지만 사파이어와 GaN의 격자 불일치 및 열팽창 계수의 차이로 인해 고품질의 GaN를 성장하기가 어렵다. 특히 열팽창 계수의 차이는 GaN 성장 공정이 고온에서 이루어지기 때문에 성장후 상온으로 온도가 떨어질 때 웨이퍼의 bowing을 발생시키고 동시에 dislocation이나 crack과 같은 결함이 생성되 GaN 성장막의 품질을 떨어트린다. 웨이퍼의 크기가 커지면 커질수록 웨이퍼 bowing은 커져 이에 대한 연구는 중요하다. 본 논문에서 2인치 사파이어 기판위에 성장된 GaN의 bow특성을 알아보기 위해 먼저 simulation을 하였고 실제로 성장된 GaN 웨이퍼와 비교를 하였다. c-plane 사파이어 기판위에 성장된 c-plane GaN의 bow특성을 알아보기 위해 성장 온도 $1,100^{\circ}C$에서 GaN두께를 1 ${\mu}m$에서 10 ${\mu}m$까지 1 ${\mu}m$씩 변화시켜 가며 simulation을 하였다. GaN두께가 1 ${\mu}m$일때는 bow가 11 ${\mu}m$, 6 ${\mu}m$ 일때는 54.7 ${\mu}m$, 10 ${\mu}m$ 일때는 108 ${\mu}m$를 얻어 GaN두께가 1 ${\mu}m$씩 증가할 때 마다 bow가 약 10 ${\mu}m$씩 증가하였다. 성장온도에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위해 $700^{\circ}C$에서 $1,200^{\circ}C$까지 $100^{\circ}C$씩 증가시켜며 bow특성 simulation을 하였다. 6 ${\mu}m$성장된 GaN의 경우 성장온도가 $100^{\circ}C$ 씩 증가할 때 bow는 약 6 ${\mu}m$ 증가하였다. 실제 성장된 c-plane GaN웨이퍼와 비교하기 위해 GaN을 각각 3 ${\mu}m$와 6 ${\mu}m$를 성장시켰고 high resolution x-ray diffraction장비를 사용하여 bow를 측정한 결과 각각 28 ${\mu}m$와 61 ${\mu}m$ 였고 simulation결과는 각각 33 ${\mu}m$와 65.5 ${\mu}m$를 얻어 비슷한 결과를 보였다. c-plane 사파이어 기판위에 성장된 c-plane GaN는 방향에 무관하게 동일한 bow 특성을 가지는 반해 r-plane 사파이어 기판위에 성장된 a-plane GaN는 방향에 따라 다른 bow특성을 보인다. a-plane GaN 이방향성적인 bow 특성을 알아보기 위해 simulation을 하였다. $1,100^{\circ}C$에서 a-plane GaN을 성장할 때 두께가 1 ${\mu}m$ 증가할 때마다 bow가 c축 방향으로는 21.7 ${\mu}m$씩 증가하였고 m축 방향으로는 11.8 ${\mu}m$ 씩 증가하여 매우 큰 이방향성적인 bow 특성을 보였다. 실제 r-plane 사파이어 기판위에 성장된 a-plane GaN의 bow를 측정하였고 simulation 결과와 비교해 보았다.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

A new dyeing M/C, called Green-flow was developed in this study. A new M/C was applied to mixed air flow method combined aerodynamic technology to fabric speed power. The polyester fabric was dyed of beige color with a new M/C and Luft-roto dyeing M/C made by Thies Company(German) with the same dyeing condition (liquor ratio=1 : 3.5, Fabric speed = 450yds/min.) for comparision. The results showed that the color fastness to dye and drapability of the fabrics dyed with both M/C were almost the same and the levelness and T.H.V of the fabrics dyed with Greenflow were better than those dyed with Luft-roto M/C. In addition, it is found that the fabric speed of 502yds/min was a suitable for both M/C.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.331-340
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• 1998

We define the spherical non-commutative torus $L_{\omega}$/ as the crossed product obtained by an iteration of l crossed products by actions of, the first action on C( $S^{2n＋l}$). Assume the fibres are isomorphic to the tensor product of a completely irrational non-commutative torus $A_{p}$ with a matrix algebra $M_{m}$ ( ) (m > 1). We prove that $L_{\omega}$/ $M_{p}$ (C) is not isomorphic to C(Prim( $L_{\omega}$/)) $A_{p}$ $M_{mp}$ (C), and that the tensor product of $L_{\omega}$/ with a UHF-algebra $M_{p{\infty}}$ of type $p^{\infty}$ is isomorphic to C(Prim( $L_{\omega}$/)) $A_{p}$ $M_{m}$ (C) $M_{p{\infty}}$ if and only if the set of prime factors of m is a subset of the set of prime factors of p. Furthermore, it is shown that the tensor product of $L_{\omega}$/, with the C＊-algebra K(H) of compact operators on a separable Hilbert space H is not isomorphic to C(Prim( $L_{\omega}$/)) $A_{p}$ $M_{m}$ (C) K(H) if Prim( $L_{\omega}$/) is homeomorphic to $L^{k}$ (n)$\times$ $T^{l'}$ for k and l' non-negative integers (k > 1), where $L^{k}$ (n) is the lens space.$T^{l'}$ for k and l' non-negative integers (k > 1), where $L^{k}$ (n) is the lens space.e.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2004

Several microorganisms (esterase-producing group) were isolated by the solid selective media containing-naphtylacetate. Among them, strain 366M-9 having a high activity of cephalosporin-C deacetylase (CAH; EC 3.1.1.41) was selected. The strain 366M-9 was identified as Bacillus sphaericus on the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The production of CAH reached at maximum value after 32 hrs, when cultivated in the optimal medium containing dextrin 2.5%, peptone 2.5%, sodium chloride 0.5%, dipotassium phosphate 0.25%, ferrous sulfate 0.02%, and 7-ACA 0.1% at $30^{\circ}C$ with initial pH 6.0. The CAH was purified by 3 steps with ammonium sulfate precipitation, adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite column, and Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography. The final enzyme preparation was homogeneous as judged by the analysis of SDS-PAGE and HPLC. Optimum temperature and pH for CAH activity were $50{\circ}C$ and around 7.0, respectively. And the enzyme was stable at pH 6.0～8.0, up to $50^{\circ}C$. The Michaelis-Menten constants ($K_{m}$ ), $V_{max}$ were 0.87 mM and 1.22 unit/ml, respectively.