• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.657-662
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• 2006

Immunological activities of the combined-administration of Acanthopanacis Cortex and Lycii Cortex Radicis were examined in BALB/C mice. The 40% ethyl alcohol extract of Acanthopanacis Corter (AE) or the 40% ethyl alcohol extract of Acanthopanacis Coriex and Lycii Cortex Radicis (ALE) were administered p.o. once a day for 7 days, respectively. AE did not affect the viability of thymocytes, but ALE decreased the viability of thymocytes. ALE enhanced the viability of splenocytes increased by AE. Also, AE enhanced the population of cytotoxic T cell in thymocytes, and ALE enhanced the population of helper T cell compared with AE. Furthermore, AE increased the population of $Thy1^+$ cells in splenocytes, and increased the population of splenic $CD4^+$ cells. In addition, ALE enhanced the phagocytic activity which was decreased by AE ALE decreased the production of nitric oxide increased by AE in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that ALE enhance an immune-regulative action of AE.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of the fruit extract of Lycium chinense Mill(Lycii Fructus, LF) on multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups; normal, STZ-control, Lycii Fructus extractorally administrated 300 ㎎/㎏ group (STZ-LF). Diabetes was induced in rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at doses of 30 ㎎/㎏ for 5 days. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG) and HDL-Cholesterol were measured in sera of rats. Histopathological changes of pancreas, kidney, liver and lung tissues were observed by microscope after H&E, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. The changes of body weight, blood glucose, and food and water intake were also measured.Results : There were no differences in body, food intake and water intake in LF-administrated groups compared with STZ control group. However, LF extract significantly decreased the levels of serum glucose, CHO, TG and HDL-Cholesterol in diabetic rats. In histopathological analysis of kidney, liver and lung, LF-administrated groups showed the inhibition of morphological damage.Conclusions : These results suggest that LF have a biological action on multi low-dose STZ-induced diabetes in rats via decreasing the serum glucose, TG and TG levels and may protect the morphological changes of kidney, liver and lung.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 1991

Effects of Lycii Fructus on primary cultured chicken embryonic brain cells were studied by microscopic observation, determination of the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), and syntheses of protein, RNA and DNA. The brain cells were prepared from the brains or 10-day-old chicken embryos and cultured with a deficient medium. The activity of PDHC in the brain cells cultured with a deficient medium was increased to 1.8 times by the addition of $30\;{\mu}g/ml$ of the total methanol extract of Lycii Fructus. To seek the active fraction, total methanol extract was further fractionated by the polarity. The survival rate of neuronal cells was significantly increased by the addition of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of the buthanol or aqueous fraction. At this concentration, the significant increase of the syntheses of protein and RNA, but not of DNA, indicates that the fractions may act on the neuronal cells which are known to be non-dividing cells.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.225-239
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• 2000

Pulmonary edema is a disease involving the principal symptoms: dyspnea, bloody phlegm, asthma, cough, etc. According to oriental medical references, Jeomglyukdaejosapaetang (J.D.T) was efficacious for dropsy, cough, dysnea, etc, so it was thought to be used for remedy of pulmonary edema. Therefore experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of J.C.T on pulmonary edema of the rats induced by the herbicide, paraquat.Thus the survival rats, respiratory rats, lung weights and histopathological view of the lungs of rats were studied. The results are as follows. 1. The survival rates at 72hours of the rats injected with paraquat and treated with J.D.T increased in B group(J.D.T + Cortex Lycii Radicis + Cortex mori). The others were not different with the control. 2. The respiratory rates of the rats which survived 72hours later significantly decreased in B group(J.D.T + Cortex Lycii Radicis + Cortex mori). 3. The lung weights of the rats which survived for 72hours later significantly decreased in B group(J.B.T + Cortex Lycii Radicis + Cortex mori). 4. The histopathological views of the lungs of rats induced by paraquat were seen severe hemorrhage, edema and some broken alveoli in control group. But B group(J.D.T + Cortex Lycii Radicis + Cortex mori) were seen little hemorrhage and interstitial hyperplasia. According to the above results, J.D.T + Cortex Lycii Radicis + Cortex mort is effective on the remedy for pulmonary edema of rats induced by paraquat.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.347-366
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of Lycii Radicis Cortex on hyperlipidemia, experimental studies were performed on hyperlipidemia rats. Hyperlipidemia model (controll group) was induced by 1% cholesterol fed-diet for 8 weeks. Sample I group fed with 1% cholesterol and 4% Lycii Radicis Cortex diet for 8 weeks. Sample II group fed with 1% cholesterol and 8% Lycii Radicis Cortex diet for 8 weeks. The contents of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured, and fat accumulation in liver and the change of elastic and collagenous fiber in aortic wall were observed. The results were summurized as follows ; 1. The content of total cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, but did not show a significance. 2. The content of triglyceride in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample II group showed a significant value. 3. The content of free fat acid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample II group showed a significant value. 4. The content of phospholipid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, but did not show a significance. 5. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be increased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 6. The content of LDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 7. The lipophagy in liver compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group. 8. The change of elastic and collagenous fiber lesion in tunica media of aortic wall, compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group. According to the above results, it is assumed that Lycii Radicis Cortex has a valid effect on hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it seems to be applicable to the diseases related to hyperlipidemia.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 2016

Lycii fructus has been traditionally used as a preventive and therapeutic medicine to treat enervation and diverse chronic diseases. In this study, we investigated whether fermentation of Lycii fructus extract (LE) increases the enzymatic activity of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The fermentation of LE by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 2376 was shown to increase the enzymatic activity of ADH and ALDH. TLC analysis of LE and fermented LE (FLE) showed that ADH and ALDH activities increased in different spots. Fraction No. 66 of LE and fraction No. 68 of FLE by Silica gel chromatography showed increased ADH activity of 129.1% and 148.9%, respectively. Fractions No. 128 of LE and FLE by Silica gel chromatography showed increased ALDH activity of 134.1% and 148.1%, respectively. The fraction No. 68 of FLE obtained by HPLC showed new peaks at $R_t$ 11.938min, $R_t$ 22.072min and $R_t$ 28.842min, indicating that ADH activity was increased. The LE and FLE fractions with the greatest increases in ADH activity peaked at the same time ($R_t$ 13min),whereas the LE and FLE fractions with the greatest increases in ALDH activity peaked at different times ($R_t$ 16.307min and $R_t$ 36.640min, respectively).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.687-700
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to examine the fennentation properties of yogurts with or without Lyeii fructus, Lyeii folium and Lyeii cortex extract as additives at concentrations of 1.0%. The effects on promoting the fermentation by Lycii fructus, Lycii folium and Lycii cortex additives were higher and pH was below 4.06 when Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus cosei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum and Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus were used. The acid production was higher when S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricw were used. The average lactic acid bacteria counts was 2.62 ${\times}$ $10^9$ cfu/ml in the yogurt added with Lycii fructus extract and fermentation with S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricw. The lactose hydrolysis ratio was higher in the milk added with Lycii fructus extract(36.11%), Lycii folium extract(37.76%) and Lycii cortex extract(32.70%) when S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus were used. The isobutylic acid concentration was(34.39 to 37.72 mM) with S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. The viscosity of yogurt was 1,615 to 2,030 cP in yogurts added with skim milk and L. acidophilus; B. longum and S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus were used. The sensory scores of colors, tastes and overall acceptability of yogurt with Lycii cortex extract were shown 3.34 to 3.77 when fermented by L. cosei, L. acidophilus, B. longum and S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus. The cholesterol reducing effects were 17.38${\sim}$32.08% in all the yogurts and especially, greater effect(25.75 to 32.08%) for yogurts fermented with L. acidophilus KCTC3150 and L. salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27. The inhibitory effects on the pathogenic bacteria by lactic acid bacteria added with Lycii fructus, Lycii folium and Lyeii cortex lower on S. typhimurium M-15, but higher on E. coli KCTC1021 and L. monocytogenes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.139-159
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• 2009

Objective & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of herbal-acupuncture with Lycii Fructus (LF-HA) at KI10 (Eumgok) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) ddy mice. We carried out several experimental items which were known to be related with osteoporosis. Results : 1. Tibial BMD was significantly increased in the LF-HA group. 2. Tibial Ca level was significantly increased in the LF-HA group. 3. Osteoclast like cell in tibia was significantly decreased in the LF-HA group. 4. Histological change of tibia was improved, the trabecular bone thickness was significantly increased and the growth plate length was significantly decreased in the LF-HA group. Conclusion : These results suggest that LF-HA at KI10 has therapeutic effects on osteoporosis especially by way of suppressing osteoclast cells in ovariectomized ddy mice.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.553-558
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• 2012

A simple new method was developed for the determination of betaine in Fructus Lycii using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HILIC-ELSD). Good chromatographic separation and reasonable betaine retention was achieved on a Kinetex HILIC column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $2.6{\mu}m$) packed with fused-core particle. The mobile phase consisted of (A) acetonitrile and (B) 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0)/acetonitrile (90/10, v/v). It was used with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The column temperature was set at $27.5^{\circ}C$ and the injection volume was $10{\mu}L$. The ELSD drift tube temperature was $50^{\circ}C$ and the nebulizing gas (nitrogen) pressure was 3.0 bar. Stachydrine, a zwitterionic compound, was used as an internal standard. Calibration curve over $10-250{\mu}g/mL$ showed good linearity ($R^2$ > 0.9992) and betaine in the 70% methanol extract of Fructus Lycii was well separated from other peaks. Intraand inter-day precision ranged from 1.1 to 3.0% and from 2.4 to 5.3%, respectively, while intra- and inter-day accuracy ranged from 100.0 to 107.0% and from 94.3 to 103.9%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was $10{\mu}g/mL$ and the recoveries were in the range of 98.2-102.7%. The developed HILIC-ELSD method was successfully applied to quantitatively determine the amount of betaine in fourteen Fructus Lycii samples from different locations, demonstrating that this method is simple, rapid, and suitable for the quality control of Fructus Lycii.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2002

We investigated the cytotoxicity effects of Lycii fructus (LF) on HePG2, MCF7 and C6 cell lines by the MTT assay. We extracted the methanol (LFM) and fractionated to five partition layers. Among partition layers, the ethylether partition layer (LFMEE) was showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines. The hexane partition layer (LFMH) also was showed significant cytotoxic activities on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines. We also determined the induction of intracellular quinone reductase (QR) activity on HepG2 cells. Among various partition layers of Lycii fructus; LFMH was showed the most effective such induced effect such as 1.85 to the control value of 1.0. And we also determined the enhancement of anticarcinogenic effect by combination of Lycii fructus with vitamin C on all cell lines. These results suggest that potentially useful anticarcinegenic chemicals could be isolated from LFMEE and LFMH of the Lycii frutus and also we found the enhanced effect by the combination of various partition layers of LFM with vitamin C.