• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the activity ratios of global trunk muscles and local trunk muscles in relation to adjustments in the level of task difficulty while performing stability exercises in easily applied bridging lumbar stabilization exercise. Twenty healthy subjects performed bridging lumbar stabilization exercise while the level of task difficulty was plate was used in the same posture for all the exercises. EMG was used to examine the activity ratios of the global muscles and multifidus in relation to the level of task difficulty. Moreover, the activity ratios of the multifidus muscle, the erector spinae and the gluteus maximus muscle were measured. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used, and a Bonferroni correction was conducted (${\alpha}$=.05). When the bridging lumbar stabilization exercise were performed at different difficulty levels, the activity of the multifidus muscle, which is a local muscle, was high in all three exercises. Also, compared to low intensity and intermediate intensity exercises, high intensity exercises showed more significant differences (${\alpha}$=.05). Among all the muscles, the multifidus showed the highest activity at intermediate intensity. Based on these results, we suggest that in the case of bridging lumbar stabilization exercise, low intensity or intermediate intensity exercises are more suitable and efficient for local muscle stabilization.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.479-486
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on pain-related function of industrial workers with chronic low back pain and lumbar instability. 20 industrial workers with chronic low back pain were divided into two groups, control group(n=10) and experimental group(n=10). Back muscle strength, flexibility, and balance ability were measured to assess physical functions, and visual analog scale(VAS) was used to evaluate pain levels. In both groups, back muscle strength and balance ability increased significantly, and pain levels decreased significantly. In comparison between the groups, the experimental group compared to the control group showed significant improvement in balance ability and significant diminishment in pain levels. In conclusion, the lumbar stabilization exercise has positive effects on industrial workers with lumbar instability and chronic low back pain by improving balance ability and reducing pain.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.651-658
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to see how the sling lumbar stabilization exercise affects muscle body type and subjective pain degree of 17 middle-age men who are diagnosed with sacroiliac joint syndrome and investigate the effectiveness. The subjects of this study are patients who have been diagnosed with sacroiliac joint syndrome through tests like X-ray in S Orthopedics in C City and have had chronic lumbar pain for more than 6 months and the before and after results about subjective pain degree through three dimension Moire Muscle Body Type Tester and subjective pain degree through VAS Pain Awareness after sling lumbar stabilization exercise 3 times a week, 30 minutes a time, total 24 times for 8 weeks have revealed the following: The change of muscle body type has been comprehensively improved in the statistics before and after the exercise and the subjective pain degree has also comprehensively decreased in the statistics. Therefore, sling lumbar stabilization exercise is proved to give positive affect to muscle body type and pain improvement of the patients with sacroiliac joint syndrome.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

The objective of this research was to examine the effects of lumber stabilization exercise and a general physiotherapy program for caregivers with chronic low back pain. Sixteen people participated in this study and were randomly assigned to two groups for either lumbar stabilization exercise or for general physiotherapy, respectively. The experiment was performed for eight weeks. To examine the general as well as the medical characteristics of the participants, the following measurements were used: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); Back Performance Scale (BPS); Roland - Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ); and Beck Depression Index (BDI). To compare the general and medical characteristics of the participants in the two groups, an independent t test were used. During the experiment, a paired t test was conducted to determine whether there was a significant difference in the values of VAS, ODI, BPS, RMDQ, and BDI before and after the experiment. To examine the difference in the VAS, ODI, BPS, RMDQ, and BDI values in the two groups, ANCOVA was used with pre test values as a covariate. According to the test results, in the lumbar stabilization exercise group, the VAS, ODI, BPS, RMDQ, and BDI values showed a statistically significant difference before and after the test (p<.05). In comparison, in the general physiotherapy program group, only the ODI and BPS values showed a statistically significant level of improvement. Regarding the degree of improvement, participants in the lumbar stabilization exercise group showed statistically significant progress compared to those in the general physiotherapy group. In summary, lumbar stabilization exercise is regarded as more effective than general physiotherapy for treating caregivers with chronic low back pain. In future studies, it will be useful to expand the research and to examine the long term effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on workers.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.68-77
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of movement with mobilization(MWM) and stabilization exercise on pain and range of motion of patients with acute low back pain. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 24 patients who had non specific acute low back pain. All subjects randomly assigned to the MWM group and the stabilization exercise group. The MWM group received sustained natural apophyseal glides(SNAGs) with modality treatment and stabilization exercise group received stabilization exercise with modality treatment. The remodified schober test(RST) was used to measure forward flexion and lateral flexion range of motion of lumbar segment. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure subjective pain level of the patients. The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale was used to measure functional disability level of the patients. Results : The lumbar flexion range of motion of MWM group was significantly increased compared with stabilization exercise group(p<.01). The range of motion of lumbar segment of MWM group was significantly decreased compared with stabilization exercise group(p<.01). The left lateral flexion range of motion of lumbar of MWM group was significantly decreased compared with stabilization exercise group(p<.05). The right lateral flexion range of motion of lumbar of MWM group was significantly decreased compared with stabilization exercise group(p<.05). The VAS of both MWM group and stabilization exercise group was significantly decreased(p<.001). The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale of stabilization exercise group was significantly increased compared with mobilization group(p<.001). Conclusion : In the result of this study, mobilization with movement and stabilization exercise had significant difference on pain and flexibility of patients with acute low back pain.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

This study is that the elderly female patients having low back pain(34 people) show a change of stabilization ratio after isotonic rehabilitation of 4 types(before exercise, after 4weeks, 8weeks, 12weeks). Under the cover of lumbar extension machine, isometric extension strength and stabilization ratio is measured and analyzed at some flexion angles(the degree of $0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\circ}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ}$). The conclusion is as follows. 1. The maximum lumbar extension strength at a range of 7 angles have an increase of 73.92% in case of 12weeks isotonic exercise(p<.001). 2. After 12weeks exercise, the lumbar flexion angle maximum extension strength, have an higher increase than 54% on the average at all angles(p<.001). These statistically show a meaningful increase of muscular strength. 3. After 12weeks isotonic exercise, the lumbar stabilization ratio have a decrease of 50.27% at a statistically meaningful level(p<.001). In case of 12weeks exercise comparing with 8weeks, the stabilization ratio decrease at the level of 1.85 versus 1. This figure is similar to that of a normal person. In view of this study, 12weeks exercise for the elderly female patients having low back pain has much influence on the change of lumbar stabilization ratio and this is the scientifically verified result of a long term exercise.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2019

Purpose : Lower back pain is a common disorder experienced by approximately 90-% of the population at least once in a lifetime. This study examines changes in the thicknesses and ratios of the deep and superficial fibers of the multifidus according to the lumbar stabilization exercise used for spinal stabilization. Methods : Ten different lumbar stabilization exercises were implemented by 20 healthy men in random order, and the thickness of multifidus muscle was measured ultrasound image during each exercise. Results : The surface muscle fibers of the multifidus muscles significantly increased in the exercise method in which the arms and legs were lifted (p<.05), while the deep muscle fibers of the multifidus muscles increased significantly in the exercise in which the arms and legs were not lifted (p<.05). The ratio of the thickness of surface muscle fibers to the total thickness of muscle fibers was higher in the exercise method in which the arms and legs were lifted (p<.05), while the ratio of the thickness of deep muscle fibers to the total thickness of muscle fibers was higher in the hollowing and bracing exercise method in which the arms and legs were not lifted (p<.05). Conclusion : When lumbar stabilization exercise should be performed at clinics to strengthen the deep muscle fibers of the multifidus muscles that have larger effects on the stability of spinal segments, taking the stability of the spine into consideration indicates that, hollowing and bracing exercise methods that do not that cause isotonic extension to the spine are appropriate.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate that the Effects of Pain, Lumbar Flexibility and Abdominal Obesity of Patient with Low Back Pain and Abdominal Obesity after Lumbar Strengthening Exercise. Methods : The selected subjects of this study were 17 patients who had diagnosis on low back pain and body mass index was more than $25kg/m^2$ and lumbar length was more than 90cm. They divided into a control group with 10 patients doing lumbar stabilization exercise and an experimental group with 7 patients ding simple lumbar strengthening exercise in order to compare degrees of oswestry disability index and lumbar stability, lumbar length was measured before the exercise, in 4 weeks and 8 weeks after exercises respectively. Result : lumbar strengthening exercise on patients with low back pain and abdominal obesity affected improving function of lumbar and decrease of pain with abdominal obesity. Conclusion : Then lumbar stabilization exercise than simple strengthening exercise affected decrease of Visceral fat tissue on abdominal obesity.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and abdominal expansion maneuver (AEM) on trunk stabilization, as well as trunk muscle activities and differences in quadruple visual analogue scale, Korean Oswestry Disability Index, and Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire scores, in patients with chronic low back pain and lumbar spine instability. To increase intra-abdominal pressure during the trunk stabilization exercise, the technique of pushing the abdomen out using diaphragmatic abdominal breathing suggested by Pavel Koral was used, which we termed the AEM. Fifty patients who tested positive on more than three of the five lumbar spine instability tests were separated from 138 patients with chronic low back pain of these patients, 16 were placed in the control group (trunk stabilization exercise), 17 were placed in the ADIM group (trunk stabilization exercise with ADIM), and 17 were placed in the AEM group (trunk stabilization exercise with AEM). Each group participated in the study for 30 minutes three times weekly for 4 weeks. Surface electromyography was used to measure the trunk muscle activities during the kneeling forward and supine bridging positions, and one-way repeated analysis of variance was used to determine the statistical significance of the trunk muscle activities in the rectus abdominis, internal oblique (IO), erector spinae, and multifidus (MF) muscles. The ADIM and AEM groups showed relatively larger improvements in psychosocial and functional disability level than control group. There were significant changes among the three groups, those from the measured values of the AEM group was significantly higher than the other two groups in changes in IO and MF trunk muscle activities (p<.05). This finding demonstrates that trunk stabilization exercises with AEM is more effective than ADIM for increasing trunk deep muscle activity of chronic low back pain patients with lumbar spine instability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

Background: We developed a novel integrative lumbar stabilization technique that combines lumbar extension (LE) exercise with abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) to ameliorate low back pain (LBP) associated with neuromuscular imbalance and instability, based on the collective evidence of contemporary spinal rehabilitation. Objects: The specific aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LE exercise with and without ADIM on core muscle strength, lumbar spinal instability, and pain, as well as functional characteristics in individuals with LBP using advanced radiographic imaging techniques. Methods: patients with mechanical LBP (N = 40, 6 males; $35.1{\pm}7.6years$) were recruited and randomly assigned either to the combined LE and ADIM (experimental group) or the LE alone (control group). Outcome measures included the visual analog scale, the modified Oswestry Disability Index, muscle strength imbalance (MSI), and radiographic imaging. The lumbar intervertebral displacement (LID), intervertebral (IV) and total lumbar extension (TLE) angles were calculated to evaluate the lumbar segmental instability. Results: The experimental group showed significant differences in the L3-L4, L5-S1 LIDs, L4-L5 and L5-S1 IV angles, and TLE angle as compared to the controls (p<.05). Immediate pain reduction and muscle strength imbalance ratio were significantly different between the groups (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the addition of ADIM significantly increased lumbar spinal stabilization in individuals with LBP, thereby reducing pain associated with functional lumbar flexion during daily activities.