• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1995

Hyperlipidemia is a major predisposing factor of atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular accidents. In effort to develope a hypolipidemic drug from medicinal herb, We tested three prescriptions of traditional medicine for the lipid lowering effect on diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. GyejI-Bokryung-Hwan, Ohyak-Sunki-San, and Shihoga-Yongol-Moryu-Tang were selected based on the comnon prescriptions for patients with hyperlipidemia-related diseases. Water extract from each prescriptions was made by the method used in the clinical setting, and administered intragastrically once a day, for 4 weeks. Fenofibrate and lovastatin were given by the same method as the control drugs. Blood levels of total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride(TG) were measured before, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after starting the drug administration. All of the traditional prescriptions did not show lipid lowering effect, while fenofibrate lower the blood cholesterol levels(TC;from 215mg/dl before to 182m41 at 4 weeks-point of drug administration, and LDL ;from 203mg/dl before to aut 161, and 163mg/dl at 3 and 4 week-point respectively). Oyak-Sunki-San increased the level of TC (from 283mg/dl to over 350mg/dl starting from the first week of drug administratin). Effects on TG variable in the cases of traditional medicines and control drug In conclusion, any of the three traditional medical prescriptions did not decrease the level of blood cholesterol.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

Antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant and lipid-lowering drugs are clinically widely used for secondary preventive purpose in the cardiovascular patients, but there is no primary preventive agents to prevent these diseases. With the aim of developing effective primary agents for cardiovascular diseases, we tried to formulate an optimized mixture of natural plants extract containing Theae sinensis, Camelliae sinensis, Vitis vinifera, Gingko folium and curcuminoids from Curcuma longa and to evaluate its anti-thrombotic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects in vivo. The inhibitory effect of curcuminoids on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration were also investigated in vitro. in the animal experiments treated with hyperlipidemic diet, oral treatment of curcuminoids and natural plants extracts mixture (100 mg/kg) into male Sprague Dawley rats for 7 week simultaneously inhibited platelet aggregation as well as improved lipid profile in the blood. Compared to control group, both of curcuminoids-treated and mixture-treated groups revealed significantly decrease of total cholesterol (24.4%, 28.6%), free cholesterol (25.1%, 24.0%), cholesterol ester (14.6%, 29.0%), LDL-cholesterol (27.0%, 32.0%) and triglyceride (15.0%, 31.0%), respectively. However, both groups showed increase of HDL-cholesterol (46.6% and 51.5%) . In particular, atherogenic index of curcuminoids and mixture treatment group was significantly decreased to 47.0% and 56.0%, respectively. Furthermore, oral treatment of curcuminoids and mixture significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation (21.1% and 29.1%, respectively), compared to control group. The anti-thrombotic values of mixture was almost similar to that of aspirin treatment (100 mg/kg) group. These results suggest that the oral treatment of curcuminoids-based natural plant extract mixture improved cardiovascular conditions in hyperlipidemic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2007

This study was to investigate lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and DNA damage after exercise, and the protective effect of garlic against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats(4 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups of 6 rats each; control group(Con) without garlic and exercise, Ex group with exercise alone, and Ex-G group with 2% garlic and exercise. For 4 weeks, rats were given diets containing 15% corn oil and 1% cholesterol with or without garlic. The swimming was selected as a model for exercise performance. Rats swam for 40 min a day, for 5 days a week. Group Ex and Ex-G showed significant lowering in body weight gain and fat accumulation compared to control. No significant changes were observed in levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride among three groups, demonstrating that exercise and garlic had no effects on changes of blood lipid. This finding of blood lipid seems to be due to higher plant sterol content in corn oil. The DNA tail moment of lymphocytes showed greater tendency in Ex and Ex-G than in control, but garlic supplements failed to suppress DNA damages. Compared to control, Ex had higher plasma TBARS which was lowered to the control's level in Ex-G with 2% garlic supplementation(p<0.05). Ex-G led to a higher hepatic superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity than control and Ex(p<0.05). Activity of hepatic catalase was also increased in Ex-G, while in Ex it was significantly low(p<0.05). It seemed that TBARS levels were related to the activities of SOD and catalase, and that garlic contributed to increasing the enzyme activities and led to decrease of TBARS. These results demonstrate that lipid peroxidation and DNA damage occur as a consequences of oxidative stress after exercise, and that antioxidant defense against oxidative stress could be enhanced by garlic supplementation through the induction of antioxidant enzymes. However, further investigations should be done on the garlic effect on DNA damage.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.196-200
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• 1990

the ginseng polypeptide (GPP) isolated from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was demonstrated to decrease the levels of blood sugar and hepatic glycogen when injected intravenously to rats at a doses of 50-200mg/kg without affecting blood total lipid. When mice were injected subcutaneously daily at a dose of 50 and 100mg/kg for 7 successive days, GPP was also found to decreased blood sugar and hepatic glycoge. In addition, GPP was found to decrease various experimenta hyperglycemias induced by injection of adrenaline, glucose and alloxan. GPP exhibited inhibiting effect on the glycogen enhancement induced by glucose, but strengthening effect on the glycogen decrease induced by adrenaline. When the levels of blood total lipid and liver glycogen were increased by alloxan, GPP was shown to inhibit these changes except its lowering blood sugar. the toxicity of GPP is very low, its LD50 was found to be 1.62$\pm$0.130 g/kg for iv.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.338-342
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• 1990

The ginseng Polypeptide (GPP) Isolated from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was domonstrated to decrease the levels of blood sugar and hepatic glycogen when injected intravenoilsly to rats at a doses of 50-200 mg/kg without affecting blood total lipid. When mice were injected slibclitaneollsly daily at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg for 7 successive days. GPP was also found to decrease blood sligar and hepatic glycogen. In addition, GPP was found to decrease variolls experimental hypergly cemias induced by injection of adrenaline, glilcose and alloxan. GPP exhibited inhibiting effect on the glut rogen enhancement indllced by glucose, but strenthening effect on the glycogen decrease indliced by adrenaline. When the levels of blood total lipid and lilrer glycogen were increased by T alloxan. GPP was shown to inhibit these changes except its lowering blood sugar. The toxicity of GPP is very low, LD50 was found to be 1.62 $\pm$ 0.130 g/kg for iv.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Owing to health concerns related to the consumption of traditional snacks high in sugars and fats, much effort has been made to develop functional snacks with low calorie content. In this study, a new recipe for Korean rice cookie, dasik, was developed and its antioxidative, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects and related mechanisms were elucidated. The effects were compared with those of traditional rice cake dasik (RCD), the lipid-lowering effect of which is greater than that of traditional western-style cookies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ginseng-added brown rice dasik (GBRD) was prepared with brown rice flour, fructooligosaccharide, red ginseng extract, and propolis. Mice were grouped (n = 7 per group) into those fed a normal AIN-76 diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with RCD or GBRD. Dasik in the HFD accounted for 7% of the total calories. The lipid, reactive oxygen species, and peroxynitrite levels, and degree of lipid peroxidation in the plasma or liver were determined. The expression levels of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, and those of antioxidant enzymes were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: The plasma and hepatic total cholesterol concentrations in the GBRD group were significantly decreased via downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (P < 0.05). The hepatic peroxynitrite level was significantly lower, whereas glutathione was higher, in the GBRD group than in the RCD group. Among the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly upregulated in the GBRD group (P < 0.05). In addition, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$) expression in the GBRD group was significantly lower than that in the RCD group. CONCLUSIONS: GBRD decreases the plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels by downregulating cholesterol synthesis. This new dasik recipe also improves the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory status in HFD-fed mice via CAT and GPx upregulation and NF-${\kappa}B$ downregulation. These effects were significantly higher than those of RCD.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2000

Curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric, curry and mustard, has anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. In this study; we investigated the hypocholesterolemic and anti-atherogenic effect of curcumin in rabbits. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding high cholesterol diet to male rabbits for 30 days, and the animals were then fed high cholesterol diet containing 0.1% (w/w) or 0.5% (w/w) curcumin for additional 30 days. Supplementation of 0.l% curcumin tended to lower serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and inhibit serum lipid peroxidation. In the 0.5% curcumin-supplemented group, serum total cholesterol was significantly lowered by 11.7%, LDL-cholesterol by 12.8% and lipid peroxidation by 47.9% compared to the control group. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents were also significantly lowered by 50.6% and 37.4%, respectively compared to the control group. Lipid staining of the arteries isolated from the curcumin-treated rabbits showed that curcumin significantly decreased formation of fatty streaks and atheromatous plaques on the intima of the arteries. These results demonstrated that curcumin lowered serum cholesterol concentration, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and accumulation of cholesterol in the artery These cholesterol lowering effects of curcumin, together with its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, may play some important roles in preventing atherosclerosis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

폐경 후 여성의 비만은 독특한 생리적 현상으로 음식물 섭취가 촉진되고, 몸무게와 지방조직이 증가되고, 정상 여성보다 혈류 관련 질환 발병이 높아지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 갱년기를 유도한 흰쥐에 다시마 추출물을 투여하여 체내 지질 함량 변화에 대해 그 효과를 검토하였다. 그 결과 난소를 절제한 OVX-control군이 난소를 절제하지 않은 Sham군보다 체중이 뚜렷이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 다시마 추출물이 체중감소에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. GOT 활성에서는 난소를 절제한 OVX-control군이 난소를 절제하지 않은 Sham군에 비해 GOT 활성이 증가하였으나, 난소를 절제한 후 다시마 추출물 투여에 의해 난소를 절제하지 않은 Sham군보다 GOT활성이 더 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. GPT 활성에서는 난소를 절제 한 후 다시마 추출물을 투여한 군에서는 OVX-control군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 보였는데, 특히 OVX-ST200군에서 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 난소 절제 후 다시마 추출물 투여는 난소 절제로 인해 야기되는 혈중 총 콜레스테롤의 함량 및 혈청 지질 농도의 증가를 감소시켰다. 또한, HDL-콜레스테롤은 난소절제 군에 비해 난소절제 후 다시마 추출물을 투여하였을 때 혈중 함량이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과에서 다시마 추출물이 갱년기 장애 시 발생할 수 있는 혈 중 지질 함량 변화에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 혈류 관련 질환에 대한 개선 식품으로의 활용이 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2002

본 실험의 결과를 요약해 보면, 체중증가량, 체중 증가 패턴, 식이섭취량, 식이효율은 대조군과 마늘군 사이에 유의적 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 혈중 포도당 농도는 마늘 첨가군에서 다소 낮은 경향이었으나 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 혈중 중성지방과 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 마늘군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타내지 않았고, atherogenic index역시 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 간조직 중 중성지방과 총콜레스테롤 농도는 대조군과 마늘군 간의 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 혈중 유리아미노산의 농도 역시 대조군과 마늘군 사이의 유의적 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같이 고콜레스테롤 식이 섭취시 1% 수준의 마늘가루 첨가는 간조직 중 지질농도에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 혈장 총콜레스테롤과 중성지질을 유의적 낮추었으므로 식이 중 마늘의 섭취는 고지혈증의 개선에 유익한 효과를 가질 것으로 기대된다. 마늘이 체내 유리아미노산 농도에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직 단정지을 수 없으며 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Red grape seeds as functional food are a good source of important bioactive components such as phenolics and antioxidants, which decrease oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity. The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the protective effect of red grape dried seeds (RGDS) on antioxidant properties, lipid metabolism, and liver and kidney functions of rats with paracetamol (750 mg/kg) induced hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS/METHODS: RGDS was added to the basal diet at 5, 10, and 20%. Thirty five adult male rats were assigned to five groups (n = 7) for a six-week feeding period; group (1) normal control, group (2) induced control, groups (3, 4, and 5) fed a diet with RGPS at different levels, 5, 10, and 20%, respectively. At the end of the feeding period, animals' blood and tissues were collected for estimation of serum lipid profile, serum liver, and kidney biomarkers. The protection was measured by detecting lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) (in liver tissues), and liver histological examination. RESULTS: The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), with a significant increase in level of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) for RGDS groups compared to induced control. Rats administered a diet containing RGDS levels produced significant (P < 0.05) hepatoprotection by decreasing the activities of liver enzymes, kidney parameters, and lipid peroxidation, while levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT were increased significantly to near the normal levels. CONCLUSION: The RGDS 20% group was more effective than others against hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, which may be attributed to RGDS total phenols and antioxidant contents, which were 1.438 mg and 1.231 mg, respectively.