• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.301-308
• /
• 2020

There are concerns that the recent surge in multicultural families and the continuation of non-face-to-face education, such as remote classes caused by COVID-19, are causing educational gaps among lower grades in elementary school. In particular, the importance of reading, writing and listening to our language should be established in lower grades of elementary school. Therefore, the research has recently developed contents that can enhance understanding by utilizing highly interested artificial intelligence tools and provide interesting Korean language education through play. In the future, there will be various attempts for artificial intelligence tools to be used in lower-grade elementary school education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.929-941
• /
• 2014

Dyeability of Indian natural dyestuffs to fabrics was investigated. Indian dyestuffs are more inexpensive than domestic dyestuffs purchased at oriental medicine stores. We studied the dyeability of madder, marigold, and pomegranate imported from India on cotton, silk, and wool fabrics. Dyebaths of a combination ratio of 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 20:80 of madder and marigold, fabrics with orange colors were dyed. To evaluate the dyeability of dyed fabrics, K/S values, Munsell color values and CIE L, a, b, ${\Delta}E$ were measured. The dyeability of fabrics dyed in dyebaths of pH 4 and pH 7 were higher than pH 10. The dyeability in pH 4 was better than pH 7. Silk fabrics dyed with madder and marigold showed good dyeability and wool fabrics showed good affinity in madder dyebath and fair affinity in marigold dyebath. Cotton fabrics showed fair affinity in a marigold dyebath of pH 4 and pH 7. Cotton fabrics dyed with a 60:40 ratio of madder and marigold showed 4.76YR of Munsell color value. Silk Fabrics dyed with a 40:60 ratio showed 4.76YR and wool fabrics dyed with 20:80 ratio showed 5.57RY. The ratios produced the closest colors to 5.0YR of orange. This result indicated that marigold had a more powerful effect on cotton fabrics while madder was stronger on wool fabrics. Fading grades of washing colorfastness of wool and silk fabrics dyed in mixed dyebaths were higher than 3.5-4.0 and higher than homogeneous dyebaths. Staining grades of washing colorfastness of all dyed fabrics were between grades 3.5-5.0. Colorfastness to dry-cleaning was high as grades 4.0-5.0 in all of dyed fabrics. Colorfastness to light of dyed fabrics showed a fair grade of 3.5-5.0; in addition, wool fabrics showed lower grades than silk and cotton fabrics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.719-729
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine relationships between nurse staffing level and postsurgical patient outcomes using inpatient database from the National Health Insurance. Methods: Records of 111,491 patients who received one of 12 types of surgery between January and December, 2009 were identified and analyzed in this study. Nurse staffing level was measured using adjusted nurse staffing grades from 0 to 7. Patient outcomes were defined as in-hospital mortality, or pneumonia, sepsis, or urinary tract infection after surgery. Logistic regression analyses estimated by Generalized Estimation Model, were used to analyze the association between nurse staffing level and patient outcomes. Results: An inverse relationship was found between nurse staffing and patient mortality. Compared with patients who were cared for in hospitals with the highest nurse staffing (Grades 0-1), increases in the odds of dying were found in those with Grades 6-7 [OR (odds ratio)=2.99, 95% CI (confidence interval)=1.94-4.60], those with Grades 4-5 (OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.24-2.57) and those with Grades 2-3 (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.25-1.98). Lower nurse staffing level was also associated with higher number of cases in pneumonia and sepsis. Conclusion: Policies for providing adequate nurse staffing is required to enhance quality of care and lead to better perioperative patient outcomes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.305-316
• /
• 2013

The strategy for increasing the palatability of Hanwoo beef through fattening could lead to a decline in yield grade. The aim of this study was to examine the meat quality traits of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from carcasses of Hanwoo steers at different yield grades. A total of 246 Hanwoo steers was divided into the following yield grades: A (n=77), B (n=76) and C (n=93). Meat quality traits, including proximate composition, cholesterol content, nucleotide content, dipeptide content, creatine and creatinine, free amino acid content, fatty acid composition, instrumental meat color, pH, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, and sensory qualities of the LD muscle from the 3 yield grades of Hanwoo carcasses were measured. The decline in yield grade from A to C resulted in an increase in crude fat and cholesterol content as well as a decrease in inosine 5'-monophosphate and aspartic acid in the LD muscle (p<0.05). In terms of fatty acid composition, the LD muscle from yield grade A had higher SFA and PUFA and lower MUFA content than that from yield grade C (p<0.05). However, the ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 did not differ among LD muscles from the 3 yield grades. There were no significant differences among other meat quality traits in relation to the yield grade. In conclusion, we suggest that the changes of substances related with health and flavor can be considered in order to obtain better quality Hanwoo beef.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.828-841
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the impact of increasing the supply of newly licensed nurses on improving the hospital nurse staffing grades for the period of 2009~2014. Methods: Using public administrative data, we analyzed the effect of newly licensed nurses on staffing in 1,594 hospitals using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) ordered logistic regression, and of supply variation on improving staffing grades in 1,042 hospitals using GEE logistic regression. Results: An increase of one newly licensed nurse per 100 beds in general units had significantly lower odds of improving staffing grades (grades 6~0 vs. 7) (odds ratio=0.95, p=.005). The supply of newly licensed nurses increased by 32% from 2009 to 2014, and proportion of hospitals whose staffing grade had improved, not changed, and worsened was 19.1%, 70.1%, and 10.8% respectively. Compared to 2009, the supply variation of newly licensed nurses in 2014 was not significantly related to the increased odds of improving staffing grades in the region (OR=1.02, p=.870). Conclusion: To achieve a balance in the regional supply and demand for hospital nurses, compliance with nurse staffing legislation and revisions in the nursing fee differentiation policy are needed. Rather than relying on increasing nurse supply, retention policies for new graduate nurses are required to build and sustain competent nurse workforce in the future.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.63-79
• /
• 2003

This study has examined the degree of depression and anxiety among high school students in an urban area and then explored the factors influencing their depression and/or anxiety status. Self-administered questionnaires were offered to 2,381 students from ten high schools in Daejon Metropolitan City. The items for investigation included such factors as various characteristics of school and family life, daily life style, and the degree of depression and anxiety. Based on the study results, the following conclusions were made； 1. The distribution according to the depression degree has shown that 61.9％ of students were normal, 32.9％ of students had mild depression, 5.0％ moderate depression, and 0.3％ severe depression. As for anxiety, 40.2％ of students were normal, while 19.1％ were classified as having anxiety and 40.7％ borderline anxiety. 2. As regards to the degree of depression and anxiety, it was greater in girls than boys, in 3rd graders than 1st and 2nd graders, and in the groups who have recieved lower grades in studies, who had poor relations with their friends and a low feeling of satisfaction with school life. In particular, concerning various characteristics of family life, the scores of depression and anxiety were higher in the groups whose financial conditions were poor, whose parents' interests were lower, whose degree of satisfaction with their family and school life was lower, than their counterparts. 3. According to their life styles higher scores of depression and anxiety were found in the groups whose sleeping time was inappropriate, whose breakfasts were skipped, who ate daily snacks, who didn't take regular exercises, and who had poor health habits, compared to their counterparts, respectively. 4. As for the correlation between the degree of depression and its associated variables, the higher scores of depression were in positive correlation with the groups who had lower grades in studies, poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and home life, low parents' interest, poor subjective condition of health, breakfast skipping, lack of regular exercises, and lower indices of health habits. 5. As for anxiety, the higher scores of anxiety were in the positive correlation with the groups with poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and family life, poor subjective condition of health, lack of regular exercises, and poor health habits. 6. The influential factors on the depression of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, sex, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, grades in studies, relation with their friends, presence of regular exercises, degree of interest of parents, sleeping time, cigarette smoking and eating breakfast. 7. The influential factors on the anxiety state of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, sex, sleeping time, regular exercises, cigarette smoking, snacking and relations with their friends. The present study results suggest that girls rather than boys, higher graders than lower ones are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression state, and besides, various characteristics of school and family life, and daily life style can be influential on students' emotional states. Therefore, better management of psychological status of students is thought to require a wide variety of measures to modify the influencing factors and to encourage social support.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 2004

The objective of this study was to determine the changes of physico-chemical characteristics in crossbred pigs (Korean native breed ${\times}$ Landrace breed) by carcass grade. Research was conducted on 250 pigs divided into 5 carcass grade groups. Cooking loss have significantly (p<0.05) higher in higher carcass grade. However, water content, crude fat, pH and shear force have no difference. In meat color, a＊ was significantly (p<0.05) higher in C and D grade, whereas A grade was lower than those of others. L＊ and b＊ did not different among the carcass grades. In fat color, A and E grade were significantly (p<0.05) higher in b＊ and, C was lower than those of others. Adhesiveness and Gumminess of cooked meat were significantly (p<0.05) higher when carcass grade was higher. However hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and brittleness were not different among the carcass grades. Palmitic acid was significantly (p<0.05) higher in higher carcass grades and, saturated fatty acid/unsaturated fatty acid ratio was lower, whereas other fatty acids compositions had no difference among the carcass grades.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2024

We studied the effects on their academic achievement of chemistry II and advanced chemistry subjects of science high school students according to the type of class (face-to-face and non-face-to-face). The subjects of this study were 195 first-year students of G Science High School located in Gyeongnam. The average scores of Chemistry II and Advanced Chemistry in non-face-to-face classes in 2020 and face-to-face classes in 2021 were compared and analyzed. As a result of comparing and analyzing the academic achievement according to the class type, students' grades in Chemistry II and Advanced Chemistry were higher in non-face-to-face classes. In the comparison of academic achievement by level according to class type, Chemistry II showed higher average grades in non-face-to-face classes as the lower level were, and in advanced chemistry, the higher the upper grades in non-face-to-face classes. In addition, in terms of the effect of changes in class form on the upper and lower 10% levels of academic achievement of Chemistry II, the upper 10% showed high grades in face-to-face classes and the lower 10% in non-face-to-face classes. On the other hand, in advanced chemistry, the average grade of non-face-to-face classes was higher than that of face-to-face classes in the top 10%, and the average grade of face-to-face classes was higher than that of non-face-to-face classes in the bottom 10%. Through these results, it was found that in the teaching-learning of science high school students, instructors need to design and treat teaching-learning appropriate to the level of academic achievement.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.62-77
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to overcome the realistic pressure and the limit of school environmental education and to develop an environmental education program that can provide students, who live in an urban area, have difficulty in contacting with nature, with an opportunity to experience the nature in the school outdoor environment, which is their daily living space and is a ground of environmental education. First, I developed an analytical tool which can be used to determine the degree how the environmental education is related to the school outdoor environment with 8 categories(spaces). And I analyzed the 2007-79 curriculum of lower grade(1 and 2 grades) of the elementary school provided by the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development by using the analytical tool and found out that this curriculum was suitable for the environmental education utilizing the school outdoor environment. According to this curriculum analysis, the studying subjects which could be suitable for the environmental education utilizing the school outdoor environment were extracted, and based on these subjects, an environmental education program was developed. The environmental education 'in' environment program were composed with 5 modules and 18 activity subjects suitable for students advancement phase, and these activities can be implemented with experiencing, understanding and expressing by using 5 senses. I also proposed a plan that can be used to apply this program continuously to the lower grades(1 and 2 grades) original experience activity class.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and school adjustment of elementary-, middle-, high-school youth and to verify the mediating effects of parenting behavior. Methods: We analyzed the data from Wave 4 of the first-grade panel of elementary school and Waves 1 and 4 of the first-grade panel of middle school in Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), including 1,703 fourth graders, 2,119 seventh graders, and 2,108 tenth graders. Multiple regression was used for the data analyses. Results: The results of this study were as follows. First, longer sleep duration was associated with a higher level of school adjustment in fourth grade. In contrast, longer sleep duration was associated with a lower level of school adjustment in seventh and tenth grades. Second, longer sleep duration was related to a higher level of discipline through reasoning in fourth grade. However, longer sleep duration was related to a lower level of parental monitoring in seventh and tenth grades. Third, the relationship between sleep duration and school adjustment was mediated by parenting behavior. Discipline through reasoning had a mediating effect in fourth grade, but the mediating effect of parental monitoring was found in seventh and tenth grades. Conclusion: These results suggest a differentiated approach on sleep duration in accordance with developmental stage and the need for parent education.