• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting health behaviors in late school-aged children from multicultural families. Methods: This study included 401 children (112 from multicultural families and 289 from non-multicultural backgrounds) in grades 4~6 in 11 elementary schools. Data on health behaviors and related factors (school adjustment, the mother-child relationship, self-efficacy, etc.) were collected from the children using self-reported questionnaires between May and June in 2019. The collected data were analyzed through a univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: The health behavior score of multicultural children was lower than that of non-multicultural children (t=3.32, p=.001). In multicultural children, school adjustment (β=.55, p<.001), mother-child relationship (β=.25, p=.001), and perceived health status (very healthy=1; β=.19, p=.011) were significant factors affecting their health behavior and explained 47.0% (F=30.93, p<.001) of the variance. Conclusion: Multicultural late school-aged children are at risk to engage in a lower level of health behaviors than their non-multicultural counterparts. More attention should be paid to ways of improving multicultural children's perceptions of their health status, maternal relationships, and school adjustment in order to promote health behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to analyze the determinants on the absence of after-school care among elementary students. This study is based on the National Children and Youth Panel Survey(2010) data and analyzed through Binary Logit Model and Multinominal Logit Model. The Following results were obtained: First, school grades, the number of siblings, mother's education, family type by parental employment, family structure, family type by parental nativity, and family income, all affected the absence of after-school care. Second, the absence days of after-school care was affected by different factors. 1day-2days a week in absence of after-school was more likely to increase among children with more siblings and an older father. On the other hand, spending over 3-4days a week without after-school care was more likely to increase among mothers with lower education, dual-earner families, multicultural families, lower family incomes, small cities and rural areas. Based on the results of this study, we agree with the generalization and the diversification of after-school care policy for elementary school students.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2014

This paper aims to propose the educational concept and design model of a Smart Board Game appropriate for lower elementary grade students. The Smart Board Game refers to a hybrid, or 'convergent', game format based on the offline format of the conventional board game augmented through the use of smart devices. The substantive aspects of this game format utilize the procedural deduction and problem-solving skills applicable in storytelling methodologies and games, in order to generate and propose contents ideal for the educational environment. The development of the Smart Board Game is conducted through the following stages. First, the study analyzes a number of Smart Board Games currently popular in Korea and abroad, based on identification of the key components and processes of the board game format. The subsequent review of the science curriculum for lower elementary grades aims to determine the aspects conducive for application to Smart Board Games. Lastly, the theoretical framework outlined through the previous stages is used as the basis for the proposal of a detailed model of contents for the smart board game concept.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.46
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• pp.31-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for classification of somatotype for boys of elementary school age. The subject were 458 elementary school boys aged from 7 to 12 living in Pusan. Data were collected by 56 anthropometric 11 photoraphic measurements and 41 body indices. 56 anthropometric measurements were analyzed by ANOVA and method of Duncan-test as Multiple Range Test among 6 grade groups and then total 108 measurments were analyzed by statistical data processing. The results are as followings: 1, In Duncan-test boys were significantly different in most of height and length items but were not significantly different in main items for clothing construction among 1.2/3.4/5.6 grades so that the period of elementary school age were divided with 3 periods. 2. According to increase school age most of item's means increased gradually and personal difference for each items increased too. In case of height and length items the items of lower half were greater than the items of upper half in personal difference and depth items were greater than the breadth items in personal difference. And weight and angle items were very great personal difference is specially.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2003

To get the informations of quality uniformity of threshed burley tobacco produced from 1997 to 2001 and processed at various leaf processing factories, chemical constituents contents and coefficient of variation(C.V.) were analysed. The average chemical constituents contents of 12 grades during 5 years ranged as follows; nicotine 1.76～2.66%, total nitrogen 4.15～4.80%, crude ash 21.6～22.4% and chlorine 1.08～1.20%. The variations of chemical constituents contents among crop years was higher in nicotine while lower in crude ash. The nicotine content of upper leaves were influenced negatively by rainfalls, while total nitrogen content were influenced positively by air temperature and sunshine hours during July. The C.V. of chemical content in same grade was higher in chlorine and nicotine while lower in crude ash. The ratio of C.V. among leaf tobacco processing factories/C.V. of total sample in same grade was high in nicotine. To reduce the C.V. of chemical constituents, it is recommendable to thresh the leaf tobacco at one processing factory. When the leaves being processed at one factory, the decreasing effect of deviation was higher in nicotine, particularly.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.273-292
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find out how second, fourth and sixth graders understood the main contents related to spatial sense in the Seventh National Mathematics Curriculum. For this purpose, this study examined students' understanding of the main contents of congruence transformation (slide, flip, turn), mirror symmetry, cubes, congruence and symmetry. An investigation was conducted and the subjects included 483 students. The main results are as follows. First, with regards to congruence transformation, whereas students had high percentages of correct answers on questions concerning slide, they had lower percentages on questions concerning turn. Percentages of correct answers on flip questions had significant differences among the three grades. In addition, most students experienced difficulties in describing the changes of shapes. Second, students understood the fact that the right and the left of an image in a mirror are exchanged, but they had poor overall understanding of mirror symmetry. The more complicated the cubes, the lower percentages of correct answers. Third, students had a good understanding of congruences, but they had difficulties in finding out congruent figures. Lastly, they had a poor understanding of symmetry and, in particular, didn't distinguish a symmetric figure of a line from a symmetric figure of a point.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.943-952
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• 2019

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative and sensory properties of Allium hookeri fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides in pork patties. The patties were divided into three groups: CON, with no Allium hookeri powder; AH, containing 1% Allium hookeri powder; and FAH, containing 1% fermented Allium hookeri powder. Allium hookeri fermented by L. mesenteroides significantly increased the radical scavenging activities of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) compared to that in normal Allium hookeri (p<0.05). The cooking loss and expressible drip for FAH were significantly lower than the corresponding values of other groups (p<0.05). The pH and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value of the FAH were significantly lower than that of CON on the day 3 and 7 (p<0.05). In the texture analysis (TPA), FAH showed significantly decreased hardness and chewiness grades compared to the CON and AH (p<0.05). FAH had significantly higher color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability scores than the CON and AH (p<0.05). This study suggests that the adding fermented Allium hookeri effectively improved the quality characteristic of the food.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 1990

The quality of raw, red and white ginseng and the contents of some minerals were examined using 6-year-old ginseng roots produced in different shades, thatch and polyethylene net (P..E.). The yield of first and second grade ginseng roots was higher in the thatch shade than in the P.E. shade. The smaller sizes of ginseng routs were probably due to loss of ginseng yield called by alternaria blight in the third and fourth years, and lower quality was dale to more rusty roots in the P.E. shading. For red ginseng. rates of heaven and earth grades were higher in the P.E. than thatch shade. producing red ginseng with less inside cavity Production of white ginseng was higher in the thatch shade than in the P.E. shade. showing a higher yield, better piece grade, lower inside crack and better quality index in the thatch. The contents of some minerals such as K, Ca, Mg and Mn of fine ginseng roots differed between the two shades, some of which had a significant correlation with the quality indices of white ginseng. Keywords Thatch shade, polyethylene shade, alternaria blight, rulsty root, quality of ginseng.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Talc as a coating pigment has been developed in order to replace GCC and clay for matte grade and has received much attention due to various advantages including good gravure printability. In order to elucidate the effects of talc on gravure printability, model papers were produced with three kinds of coating talc whose particle size and brightness are different. Physical properties related to surface and structure and the gravure printability of the sample were tested. Coating color with talc showed lower viscosity than that with clay. For both matte and art grades, talc tended to give lower gloss than day. The smaller the particle size of talc, the better properties in the coating color viscosity and water retention. When the particle size of talc was small enough, the surface roughness of the coated paper produced with talc was similar to that with clay while larger talcs produced rougher surface than clay. On top of that, application of talc improved compressibility and gravure printability of coated paper.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze general characteristics and empathy factors of nursing student's major satisfaction. Participants in this study were 235 students from both located in J do and C do Universities. The research method was a cross-sectional survey and the survey period was from September 1 to 10, 2017. The questionnaire was used to investigate general characteristics, empathy, and major satisfaction. The analysis was based on frequency analysis, p value of t or F value, Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. The result of this study were as follows: (1) The C University showed higher satisfaction than J University(3.44), (2) the factors affecting major satisfaction were school location, grade, religion, cognitive empathy, and emotional empathy correlated, Regression analysis was used to examine factors that correlated with major satisfaction, followed by hierarchical regression analysis to identify the most influential factors. (3) The result of the analysis showed that the greatest influence factors on major satisfaction were the University location(${\beta}=.325$, p<.01), the cognitive empathy (${\beta}=.287$, p<.01), and the next order was negative grade(${\beta}=-.230$, p<.01). Based on the results of this stud, the following conclusions can be drawn. The most influential factor in the major satisfaction was the school location, but this was an irreversible factor. Therefore, if the cognitive empathy factor and grades are corrected, it can be said that it can increase the satisfaction of major in nursing University students. In this study, it was emphasized that cognitive empathy contained in the course of nursing education program and suggested guidance on major satisfaction in lower grades.