• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

This study investigates the effects of corrosion resistance characteristics of opponent materials in relative motion on the sliding wear behavior of mild carbon steel. Pin specimens made of mild carbon steel are tested at several sliding speeds against mating discs made of two types of alloyed steels, such as type D2 tool steel (STD11) and type 420 stainless steel (STS420J2), with different corrosion resistance characteristics in a pin-on-disc type sliding wear test machine. The results clearly show that the sliding wear behavior of mild carbon steel is influenced by the corrosion resistance characteristics of the mating disc materials at low sliding speeds. However, the sliding wear behavior at high sliding speeds is irrelevant to the characteristics because of the rising temperature. During the steady state wear period, the sliding wear rate of mild carbon steel against the type 420 stainless steel at a sliding speed of 0.5 m/s increases considerably unlike against the type D2 tool steel. This may be because the better corrosion resistance characteristics achieve a worse tribochemical reactivity. However, during the running-in wear period at low sliding speeds, the wear behavior of mild carbon steel is influenced by the microstructure after heat treatment of the mating disc materials rather than by their corrosion resistance characteristics.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

The pitting behaviours of 304L and 316L stainless steels were investigated at $3^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$ in 1 M solutions of NaCl, NaBr and NaI by potentiodynamic polarization. The temperature dependences of the pitting potential varied according to the anion, being near linear in bromide but exponential in chloride. As a result, at low temperatures grades 304L and 316L steel are most susceptible to pitting by bromide ions, while at high temperatures both stainless steels were more susceptible to pitting by small chloride anions than the larger bromide and iodide. Thus, increasing temperature appears to favour attack by smaller anions. This paper will attempt to rationalise both of the above findings in terms of the point defect model. Initial findings are that qualitatively this approach can be reasonably successful, but not at the quantitative level, possibly due to insufficient data on the mechanical properties of thin passive films.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.600-610
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• 1995

When combustion gas is cooled down below the dew point of sulfuric acid vapor in the heat recovery systems, condensation occurs. Since the condensed sulfuric acid solution causes low-temperature corrosion in materials, it is important to measure the SOx dew point by electric measurement. In this study, two kinds of probes having electric gaps of 1mm or 2mm were used. and experiments were carried out by the parameters of sulfuric acid vapor and water vapor concentration. The changes of electric current caused by sulfuric acid condensed on the surface of probe according to the cooling rate and the probe head surface temperature were sudied. The opimum cooling rate was decreased with the increasing of water vaper concentration regardless of sulfuric acid concentration. The sensitivity of electric current is improved for the narrower gap(1mm) of ring electrodes, but it rarely affects the SOx dew point measuring of different probes according to the change of cooling rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2017

In this study, a performance evaluation was conducted using a SUS 304 plate applied to low-temperature co-fired coating as a replacement for titanium plates. As a result of computational fluid dynamic analysis, the SUS 304 plate, applied to low-temperature co-fired coating, showed better heat transfer performance than a titanium plate, for 100 micron thickness coating. The result of the experiments using an actual heat exchanger revealed that a coated SUS 304 plate showed better heat transfer performance than a titanium plate. Furthermore, as the degree of corrosion and scale formation of the plate was confirmed through an overhaul inspection, the corrosion resistance of a coated SUS 304 plate was found to be almost the same as that of a titanium plate, and the inhibition effect of scale formation by sea water was better with a coated SUS 304 plate.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-67
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• 1988

The high temperature corrosion of Fe-C alloys were studied at I atm SO gas in the temperature range 500~80$0^{\circ}C$ by means of a thermogravimetric analysis. The Na2SO4 induced high tempwrature corrosion rate was also measured at atm O2 gas under above the temperature renge. The reaction products were identified with the aid of X-ray diffraction technique, and micostruction of the alloy/scale interface was observed with a optical microscope and SEM. The experimental results were disussed by the themodeynamic calcutions. Under above the experimental condition. the reaction rates decrbon with increasing carbon content. The transfer of Fe ion was limited by a residue of carbon precipitated at alloy scale interface due to the oxidation of Fe-C alloys at alloy surface. The effect of cold working on reaction rate was different between the Fe containing low carbon and Fe-C Alloy containing carbon above 0,73 wt%. In a cold worked iron containing low carbon content, the crystallization of metal surface leads to the poor adherence between the alloy and the cavity formed between the alloy and scale. The outward diffusion of ion through the scale is estimated to be hindered by the cavity formed between the scale, consequently decreasing reaction rate. In the case Fe-C containing carbon above 0.73 Wt% alloy, the reaction rate was little affected by cold working, because the effect of content on reaction rats is greater than the effect of cold working.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.102-106
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• 2014

Nickel electrodeposition from sulfamate bath has several benefits such as low internal stress, high current density and good ductility. In nickel deposited layers, sulfur induces high temperature embrittlement, as Ni-S compound has a low melting temperature. To overcome high temperature embrittlement problem, adding manganese is one of the good methods. Manganese makes Mn-S compound having a high melting temperature above $1500^{\circ}C$. In this work, the mechanical properties of Ni-Mn deposited layers were investigated by using various process variables such as concentration of Mn$(NH_2SO_3)_2$, current density, and bath temperature. As the Mn content of electrodeposited layers was increased, internal stress and hardness were increased. By increasing current density, internal stress increased, but hardness decreased. With increasing the bath temperature from 55 to $70^{\circ}C$, internal stress of Ni deposit layers decreased, but hardness didn't change by bath temperature. It was likely that eutectoid manganese led to lattice deformation, and the lattice deformation increased hardness and internal stress in Ni-Mn layers. Increasing current density and decreasing bath temperature would increase a mount of $H_2$ absorption, which was a cause for the rise of internal stress.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.114-121
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• 2004

In order to investigate the corrosion fatigue characteristics in the weld of multi-pass welded A 106 Gr B steel pipe, corrosion fatigue tests were performed under the various stress ratios and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature. The corrosion fatigue characteristic curves were represented using crack closure concept. The obtained results are as follows : when the load frequency is 1.0 Hz, the crack opening point is transited in the region of $K_{max}$=20∼32 MPaㆍ $m^{1}$2/. In the low stress intensity factor range, the crack opening point is higher than that in air. However, in the high stress intensity factor range, it is lower than that in air. In the cases of 0.1 Hz and 0.01 Hz, the crack opening point gradually decreases to $K_{min}$ with $K_{max}$ increase.rease.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.245-252
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• 2016

The pipelines and equipments are degraded by flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC), and a large-scale test facility was constructed for simulate the FAC phenomena in secondary coolant environment of PWR type nuclear power plants. Using this facility, FAC test was performed on weld pipe (carbon steel and low alloy steel) at the conditions of high velocity flow (> 10 m/s). Wall thickness was measured by high temperature ultrasonic monitoring systems (four-channel buffer rod type and waveguide type) during test period and room temperature manual ultrasonic method before and after test period. This work deals with the complex effects of flow velocity on the wall thinning in weld pipe and the test results showed that the higher flow velocity induced different increasement of wall thinning rate for the carbon steel and low alloy steel pipe.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2024

The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used as an implant material due to its higher fatigue strength and strengthto-weight ratio compared to pure titanium, excellent corrosion resistance, and bone-like properties that promote osseointegration. For rapid osseointegration, the adhesion between the titanium surface and cellular biomolecules is crucial because adhesion, morphology, function, and proliferation are influenced by surface characteristics. Polymeric peptides and similar coating technologies have limited effectiveness, prompting a demand for alternative materials. There is growing interest in 2D nanomaterials, such as MoS₂, for good corrosion resistance and antibacterial, and bioactive properties. However, to coat MoS₂ thin films onto titanium, typically a low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis method is required, resulting in the synthesis of films with a toxic 1T@2H crystalline structure. In this study, through high-temperature annealing, we transformed them into a non-toxic 2H structure. The implant coating technique proposed in this study has good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

The isothermal corrosion tests of several types of stainless steels, Ni-based alloys, and ferritic-martensitic steels (FMS) were carried out at the temperature of 550 and $650^{\circ}C$ in SFR S-$CO_2$ environment (200 bar) for 1000 h. The weight gain was greater in the order of FMSs, stainless steels, and Ni-based alloys. For the FMSs (Fe-based with low Cr content), a thick outer Fe oxide, a middle (Fe,Cr)-rich oxide, and an inner (Cr,Fe)-rich oxide were formed. They showed significant weight gains at both 550 and $650^{\circ}C$. In the case of austenitic stainless steels (Fe-based) such as SS 316H and 316LN (18 wt.% Cr), the corrosion resistance was dependent on test temperatures except SS 310S (25 wt.% Cr). After corrosion test at $650^{\circ}C$, a large increase in weight gain was observed with the formation of outer thick Fe oxide and inner (Cr,Fe)-rich oxide. However, at $550^{\circ}C$, a thin Cr-rich oxide was mainly developed along with partially distributed small and nodular shaped Fe oxides. Meanwhile, for the Ni-based alloys (16-28 wt.% Cr), a very thin Cr-rich oxide was developed at both test temperatures. The superior corrosion resistance of high Cr or Ni-based alloys in the high temperature S-$CO_2$ environment was attributed to the formation of thin Cr-rich oxide on the surface of the materials.