• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.10-14
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• 2012

Recently the low alloy steel plate made with manganese-molybdenum is used widely in steam drum and separator of the new coal-fired power plant boiler. This material is suitable for the vapor storage of high pressure and high temperature. The high temperature creep strength of Mn-Mo alloy is higher than the carbon plate(SA516) that used in the subcritical pressure boiler. It reduces the thickness of the pressure vessel and makes the lightweight possible. Recently in the power plant boiler operation and production process, the damage has happened frequently in the heat affected zone and base material according to the hydrogen crack and delayed crack. This paper describes the research result about the damage case experienced in the boiler steam drum production process and present the optimum manufacture method for the similar damage prevention of recurrence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.120-121
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• 2007

Nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) devices were fabricated by using the low temperature poly-Si thin films crystallized by ELA and the $In_2O_3$ nano-particles embedded in polyimide layers as charge storage. Memory effect due to the charging effects of $In_2O_3$ nano-particles in polyimide layer was observed from the TFT NFGM. The post-annealing in 3% diluted hydrogen $(H_2/N_2)$ ambient improved the retention characteristics of $In_2O_3$ nano-particles embedded poly-Si TFT NFGM by reducing the interfacial states as well as grain boundary trapping states.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

Mg hydride has a high hydrogen capacity (7.6%), at high temperature, and is a lightweight and low cost material, thus it a promising hydrogen storage material. However, its high operation temperature and very slow reaction kinetics are obstacles to practical application. In order to overcome these disadvantages of Mg hydride, graphene powder was added to it. The addition of graphene has been shown to reduce the operating temperature of dehydrogenation. Moreover, in this report the environmental aspects of $MgH_x$-Graphene composites are investigated by means of the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) method. $MgH_x$-Graphene mixture was prepared by hydrogen induced mechanical alloy (HIMA). The synthesized powder was characterized by XRD(X-ray Diffraction). The hydrogenation behaviors were evaluated by using a Sievert's type automatic PCT apparatus. Such evaluation of Materials also conducted in the LCA. From the result of P-C-T(Pressure-Composition-Temperature) curves, the $MgH_x$-3wt.% graphene composite was evaluated as having a 5.86wt.% maximum hydrogen storage capacity, at 523K. From absorption kinetic testing, the $MgH_x$-7wt.% graphene composite was evaluated as having a maximum 6.94wt.%/ms hydrogen absorption rate, at 573K. Environment evaluation results for the $MgH_x$-graphene composites and other materials indicated environmental impact from the electric power used and from the materials themselves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.50-56
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• 2014

A technique based on the finite element method (FEM) is used in the simulation of metal cutting process. This offers the advantages of the prediction of the cutting force, the stresses, the temperature, the tool wear, and optimization of the cutting condition, the tool shape and the residual stress of the surface. However, the accuracy and reliability of prediction depend on the flow stress of the workpiece. There are various models which describe the relationship between the flow stress and the strain. The Johnson-Cook model is a well-known material model capable of doing this. Low-alloy steel is developed for a dry storage container for used nuclear fuel. Related to this, a process analysis of the plastic machining capability is necessary. For a plastic processing analysis of machining or forging, there are five parameters that must be input into the Johnson-Cook model in this paper. These are (1) the determination of the strain-hardening modulus and the strain hardening exponent through a room-temperature tensile test, (2) the determination of the thermal softening exponent through a high-temperature tensile test, (3) the determination of the cutting forces through an orthogonal cutting test at various cutting speeds, (4) the determination of the strain-rate hardening modulus comparing the orthogonal cutting test results with FEM results. (5) Finally, to validate the Johnson-Cook material parameters, a comparison of the room-temperature tensile test result with a quasi-static simulation using LS-Dyna is necessary.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.780-786
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• 2011

Mg hydride had high hydrogen capacity (7.6%), lightweight and low cost materials and it was promising hydrogen storage material at high temperature. However, commercial applications of the Mg hydride are currently hindered by its high absorption/desorption temperature, and very slow reaction kinetics. one of the approaches to improve the kinetic is $MgH_x$ intermixed with carbon. And it shows that carbon and carbon allotropes have a beneficial effect on hydrogen sorption in Mg. The graphene is a kind of carbon allotropes which is easily desorbed reaction at low temperatures because its reaction is exothermic. In this work, the effect of graphene concentration on the kinetics of Mg hydrogen absorption reaction was investigated. The $MgH_x$-Graphene composites has been prepared by hydrogen induced mechanical alloy (HIMA). The synthesized powder was characterized by XRD and simultaneous TG, DSC analysis. The hydrogenation behaviors were evaluated by using a sievert's type automatic PCT apparatus. In this research, results of kinetic profiles exhibit hydrogen absorption rate of $MgH_x$-5wt.% and 10wt.% graphene composite, as 1.25wt.%/ms, 10.33wt.%/ms against 0.88wt.%/ms for $MgH_x$ alone at 473K.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.206-213
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• 2004

Cycle test for developed phase change material (PCM) is necessary in order to assess the variation of latent heat, which decreases with time by deterioration. T-history method and measurement using heat-flux meter are appropriate for the cycle test in a tube filled with PCM because they do not need an extraction of sample in measuring heat of fusion. In the present study, these methods were applied to a PCM having a melting point below a room temperature, different to the past studies for PCMs melting above a room temperature. As a result of experiment using pure water as specimen, we can obtained rea-sonable values for heat of fusion.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.183-188
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• 2021

The increasing demand for energy storage in mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles has emphasized the importance of electrochemical energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors. For reversible Li storage, alternative anode materials are actively being developed. In this study, we designed and fabricated an Nb₂O₅-Li₃VO₄ composite for use as an anode material in LIBs and hybrid supercapacitors. Nb₂O₅ powders were dissolved into a solution and the precursors were precipitated onto Li₃VO₄ through a simple, low-temperature hydrothermal reaction. The annealing process yielded an Nb₂O₅-Li₃VO₄ composite that was characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical tests revealed that the Nb₂O₅-Li₃VO₄ composite electrode demonstrated increased capacities of approximately 350 and 140 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 and 5 C, respectively, were maintained up to 1000 cycles. The reversible capacity and rate capability of the composite electrode were enhanced compared to those of pure Nb₂O₅-based electrodes. These results can be attributed to the microstructure design of the synthesized composite material.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2022

Research on hydrogen storage is active to properly deal with hydrogen, which is considered a next-generation energy medium. In particular, research on metal hydride with excellent safety and energy efficiency has attracted attention, and among them, magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys have been studied for a long time due to their high storage density, low cost, and abundance. However, Mg-based alloys require high temperature conditions due to strong binding enthalpy, and have many difficulties due to slow hydrogenation kinetics and reduction in hydrogen storage capacity due to oxidation, and various strategies have been proposed for this. This research manufactured Mg₂Ni to improve hydrogenation kinetics and synthesize about 5, 10, 20 wt% of CaF₂ as a catalyst for controlling oxidation. Mg₂NiHx-CaF₂ produced by hydrogen induced mechanical alloying analyzed hydrogenation kinetics through an automatic PCT measurement system under conditions of 423 K, 523 K, and 623 K. In addition, material life cycle assessment was conducted through Gabi software and CML 2001 and Eco-Indicator 99' methodology, and the environmental impact characteristics of the manufacturing process of the composites were analyzed. In conclusion, it was found that the effects of resource depletion (ARD) and fossil fuels had a higher burden than other impact categories.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.230-235
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• 2010

We investigated the physicochemical quality characteristics of apple juice upon sterilization using hot water, and under various storage conditions. None of sugar content, acidity, or pH differed significantly among various sterilization conditions but chromaticity was considerably reduced in sterilized juice compared with control material. The chromaticity of non-sterilized juice decreased significantly after sterilization compared with material supplemented with vitamin C (0.1%, w/v). Fungi, yeast, and aerobic bacteria were detected in juice sterilized at $65^{\circ}C$ for 10 or 20 min, but no microorganisms were observed in juice sterilized by other procedures. Vitamin C content affected sterilization temperature to a greater extent than sterilization time. When juice was stored at $4^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks after application of different sterilization conditions, almost no change in acidity, sugar content, or pH was observed, regardless of sterilization mode or storage period. However, chromaticity decreased with longer storage. Vitamin C levels were reduced by higher sterilization temperatures. However, longer storage periods had the greatest effect on reduction of vitamin C levels, which tended toward lower values regardless of differences in sterilization and storage conditions. In sensory evaluation tests, all of taste, color, and overall preference were highest for juice sterilized at $75^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The ASC value was low at a storage temperature of $4^{\circ}C$ and at high sterilization temperatures, and a long storage period was associated with a greater ASC value. Thus, the quality of apple juice was excellent when juice was hot water-sterilized, with additional vitamin C, at $75^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, followed by storage at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.3 s.116
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• pp.161-167
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find the optimal conditions of PCM slurry manufacturing equipment for saving the marketing cost and keeping the original quality of products. In addition, the characteristics of the movable container for shipping or distributing products is analysed. The major results are as follows. 1. PCM thermal storage system is designed with the conditions of temperature($-5{\sim}10^{\circ}C$), cold chain time(30 minutes), and one time usage(50 liter). This system includes tank, freezer, circulating pump, cycle type heat exchanger, swelling tank, equipment of supplying PCM supplying unit includes cold tank, cycle type heat exchanger, suction unit and control equipments, etc. 2. After ability test of PCM thermal storage system, it shows that the required freezing time of PCM thermal storage system is less than one of the previous system. The reason is that churn (top and bottom) and compulsion circulation are occurred simultaneously and unit cooler type method is better than chiller type method. 3. By the experiment of transportation latent heat container, it is decided that the best container is $K_1$ with latent heat temperature($0{\sim}5^{\circ}C$) and density(0.15%). However, for $K_l\;and\;K_2$, it is necessary more studies on latent heat thermal conditions and conditions of making method.