• 센서학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.287-290
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• 2015

Liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is a thermoplastic polymer with superior mechanical and thermal properties. In addition, its characteristics include very low water absorption rate and possibility to apply bonding process under low temperature. In this study, LCP is utilized as a packaging material for a microelectronic system (MEMS) based safety device with suggestion of a low temperature packaging process. Highly sensitive and stable capacitive type humidity sensor is fabricated to investigate hermeticity of the packaged MEMS device.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-39
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• 2011

The Sungnyemun roofing tiles were twice disassembled for maintenance work, in 1963 and 1997, and modern tiles were applied in 1997. However, besides differing in visual appearance, the modern tiles had distinctly different physical properties. A study has been carried out on 22 different tiles, including original Sungnyemun tiles, modern tiles applied during maintenance, traditional tiles made by tile-makers, and others, to examine their physical properties, such as bending strength, frost resistance, absorption, whole-rock magnetic susceptibility, chromaticity, differential thermal analysis, and other characteristics. Since the method of making modern tiles involves compressing clay in a vacuum, modern tiles showed relatively greater bending strength and specific gravity, while Sungnyemun tiles and those made by tile-makers, in comparison, demonstrated less bending strength and specific gravity owing to their production method of 'treading,' in which clay is mixed by having someone tread upon it repeatedly. Over time, the absorption rate of the original tile used for Sungyemun gradually decreased from 21% to 14.7%; traditional tiles from tile-makers showed absorption rates of 17%, while the absorption rate of modern tiles was just 1%, which is significantly low. As for frost resistance, Sungnyemun tiles and traditional tiles from tile-makers showed cracking and exfoliation after being subjected to testing 4 or 5 times, while slight cracking was seen on the surface for modern tiles after 1ngy, or 3 times. In other words, no significant difference from influence by frost was found. According to the results of differential thermal analysis, the plastic temperature was shown to have been no less than 1, $on^{\circ}C$ for all types of tile, and cristobalite was measuredthrough XRD analysis from a Sungnyemun female tile applied during maintenance in 1963, which appeared to have been plasticized at between $1,200^{\circ}C{\sim}1,300^{\circ}C$. Based on these research results on the physical properties of tiles from the Sungnyemun roof, a fundamental production method for tiles to be applied in the restoration of Sungnyemun has been identified.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2001

In this study, the absorption kinetics of $CO_2$onto a mixture of AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) MEA (monoethanolamine) water were investigated at 30 and 4$0^{\circ}C$ using a packed absorption tower. Solubility and absorption rate of $CO_2$into alkanolamine solutions and optimal condition of $CO_2$absorption process were investigated. The experimental conditions are as follows; temperature of 30 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, gas flow rate of 3ι/min for the absorption tower, and liquid flow rate of 0.1ι/min. Feed gas was a mixture of 85% $N_2$and 15% $CO_2$. The experimental results showed that AMP had greater solubilities and faster absorption rates than MEA and DEA. In addition, MEA had the fastest initial reaction rate. To improve the properties of AMP which have low initial reaction rate and high cost, AMP was used with MEA. The mixing ratio was also changed in constant total molarity of 1,2,3 and 4. The experimental results can be summarized as follows: (1) in solubility experiment, the addition of MEA in constant total polarity decreased the solubility of $CO_2$in AMP/MEA mixture. (2) from 0 to about 0.3 in mixing ratio, the solubility of $CO_2$in AMP/MEA mixture had little differences compared with the sum of solubility of AMP only and solubility of MEA only . (3) mixing ratio of 0.3 was found to be an optimal point with the fastest $CO_2$absorption rate.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.780-786
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• 2011

Mg hydride had high hydrogen capacity (7.6%), lightweight and low cost materials and it was promising hydrogen storage material at high temperature. However, commercial applications of the Mg hydride are currently hindered by its high absorption/desorption temperature, and very slow reaction kinetics. one of the approaches to improve the kinetic is $MgH_x$ intermixed with carbon. And it shows that carbon and carbon allotropes have a beneficial effect on hydrogen sorption in Mg. The graphene is a kind of carbon allotropes which is easily desorbed reaction at low temperatures because its reaction is exothermic. In this work, the effect of graphene concentration on the kinetics of Mg hydrogen absorption reaction was investigated. The $MgH_x$-Graphene composites has been prepared by hydrogen induced mechanical alloy (HIMA). The synthesized powder was characterized by XRD and simultaneous TG, DSC analysis. The hydrogenation behaviors were evaluated by using a sievert's type automatic PCT apparatus. In this research, results of kinetic profiles exhibit hydrogen absorption rate of $MgH_x$-5wt.% and 10wt.% graphene composite, as 1.25wt.%/ms, 10.33wt.%/ms against 0.88wt.%/ms for $MgH_x$ alone at 473K.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2021

풍속에 따른 증발산량(수분흡수량)은 노랑조팝, 송악, 수호초 모두 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 세 식물 모두 4m·s-1의 강풍에서 가장 높은 수분흡수양상을 보였으며 풍속이 낮아질수록 수분흡수량도 함께 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 풍속처리없이 플라스틱 하우스 내의 기본 환경에 노출되어 있던 대조구는 바람에 노출되어 있던처리구에 비해 수분흡수량이 가장 작은 것을 확인하였다. 하지만 풍속에 따른 식물의 생육을 조사한 결과 송악, 수호초 그리고 노랑조팝 모두 2m·s-1와 1m·s-1의 풍속을 처리했을 때 식물의 초장과 엽수의 증가에 가장 효과적이었다. 식물체의 수분흡수 양상을 수분흡수 기간 중의 평균기온 및 상대습도와의 관계를 비교해보면 평균기온 18.7℃로 가장 낮은 기온과 평균상대습도 62%로 가장 낮았던 5월 20일부터 26일까지의 모든 식물들의 수분흡수량이 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과는 도심의 열섬화 현상을 경감시키기 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것이며 바람이 많이 부는 도서지역의 녹지공간조성시에 풍속에 따른 식물생육과 활착 안정화에 효과적인 수종검토에 도움이 되고 공간이 협소한 도심지역 녹화에 효과적인 저면관수형 벽면녹화 수종선택에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.272-280
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• 1999

A cycle analysis was achieved to predict the characteristics by comprehensive modeling and simulation of an air-cooled, double-effect absorption system using a new $H_2O/LiBr+HO(CH_2)_3OH$ solution. The simulation results showed that the new working fluid may provide the crystallization limit 8% higher than the conventional $H_2O/LiBr$ solution. With a crystallization margin of 3wt%(weight%), the optimal solution distribution ratio was found in the range of 36 to 40%. Variation of cooling air Inlet temperature has a sensitive effect on the cooling COP and corrosion problem. The simulation of heat exchangers with UA value revealed that the absorber and the evaporator are relatively important for an air-cooled system compared with the condenser and the low temperature generator. The effect of cooling air flow rate, circulation weak solution flow rate and chilled water inlet temperature were also examined. The new working fluid may provide the COP approximately 5% higher than the conventional $H_2O/LiBr$ solution.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.113-199
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• 2002

In this study, the toughness was evaluated by using the instrumented Charpy impact testing procedures for A15083-O aluminum alloy used in the LNG carrying and storing tank. The specimens were GMAW welded with four different mixing shield gas ratios (Ar100%+He0%, Ar67%+He33%, Ar50%+He50%, and Ar33%+He67%), and tested at four different temperatures(+25, -30, -85, and -196$^{\circ}C$ ) in order to investigate the influence of the mixing shield gas ratio and the low temperature. The specimens were divided into base metal, weld metal, fusion line, and HAZ specimen according to the worked notch position. From experiment, the maximum load increased a little up to -85$^{\circ}C$, and the maximum load and maximum displacement were shown the highest and the lowest at -196$^{\circ}C$ than the other test temperatures. The absorption energy of weld metal notched specimens was not nearly depends on test temperature and mixing shield gas ratio because the casting structure was formed in weld metal zone. In the other hand, the others specimens was shown that the lower temperature, the higher absorption energy slightly up to -85$^{\circ}C$ but the energy was decreased so mush at -196$^{\circ}C$

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.653-660
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• 2002

In this study, the toughness was evaluated by using the instrumented Charpy impact testing procedures for A15083-O aluminum alloy used in the LNG carrying and storing tank. The specimens were GMAW welded with four different mixing shield gas ratios (Ar100%+He0%, Ar67%+He33%, Ar50%+He50%, and Ar33%+He67%), and tested at four different temperatures(+25, -30, -85, and $-196^{\circ}C$) in order to investigate the influence of the mixing shield gas ratio and the low temperature. The specimens were divided into base metal, weld metal, fusion line, and HAZ specimen according to the worked notch position. From experiment, the maximum load increased a little up to -$85^{\circ}C$ , and the maximum load and maximum displacement were shown the highest and the lowest at -$196^{\circ}C$ than the other test temperatures. The absorption energy of weld metal notched specimens was not nearly depends on test temperature and mixing shield gas ratio because the casting structure was formed in weld metal zone. In the other hand, the other specimens were shown that the lower temperature, the higher absorption energy slightly up to $-85^{\circ}C$ but the energy was decreased so mush at $-196^{\circ}C$.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

Most of reconstruction algorithms for the calculation of temperature distributions in CT (computed tomography)-TDLAS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy) are based upon two-line thermometry method. This method gives unstable calculation convergence due to signal noise, bias error, and signal mis-matches. In this study, a new reconstruction algorithm based on cross-correlation for temperature calculation is proposed. The patterns of the optical signals at all wave lengths were used to reconstruct the temperature distribution. Numerical test has been made using phantom temperature distributions. Using these phantom temperature data, absorption spectra for all wave lengths were constructed, and these spectra were regarded as the signals that would be obtained in an actual experiments. Using these virtually generated experimental signals, temperature distribution was once again reconstructed, and was compared with those of the original phantom data. Calculation errors obtained by the newly proposed algorithm were slightly large at high temperatures with small errors at low temperature.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.373-380
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• 1995

$25^{\circ}C,\;100\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 광량 조건에서 25일 동안 키운 고추의 제 1엽에서 광억제를 유도하였다. $25^{\circ}C에서\;0~3000\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 광량으로 0~70분 동안 처리하여 얻은 photon exposure [mol photons.m-2, 광량과 빛 조사 시간의 곱, Bell과 Rose (1981)]에 대한 산소 발생의 광양자 수율과 QA 환원의 광화학 효율(형광 파라미터 Fv/Fm)을 조사하여 광계II 기능의 변화를 조사하였다. Photon exposure가 증가함에 따라 산소 발생의 광양자 수율은 곡선적으로, Fv/Fm은 일치 직선형으로 감소하였는데, 각각은 $5.5\;mol\;photons{\cdot}m^{-2},\;10\;mol\;photons{\cdot}m^{-2}$에서 광계II의 활성이 50% 감소하였다. 저온($15^{\circ}C$)과 고온($45^{\circ}C$)에서 광합선능을 조사하였을 때 저온에서는 광양자수율과 Fv/Fm 비율의 변화가 거의 없었으나 고온에서는 이들의 감소가 뚜렷하게 일어났다. 그러나 빛과 온도를 함께 처리하였을 경우, 저온과 고온조건 모두에서 현저한 광억제가 일어났다. 이로 미루어 보아 저온과 고온에서 나타나는 광억제의 촉진 현상은 서로 다른 메카니즘을 통해 일어나는 것으로 사료된다.