• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat, serum lipids, serum leptin in obese elementary school children. Method: Forty seven students were selected from two elementary schools. Twenty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty three children in another school were assigned to control group. Experimental group was received 60～70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks. Result: Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. The increase of skin fold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. Conclusion: These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2000

Obesity is a global pandemic that is increasing throughout most of the world. Increases in obesity are not restricted to highly industrialized countries, but have been observed in newly developed and developing countries as well. Obesity is associated with increased risk for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and some types of cancer. Tragically, eliminating food shortages in developing countries may result in substituting heart disease, diabetes, and cancer for malnutrition. There are many approaches to reducing obesity, including dietary modification, surgical interventions, and drug therapies. However, only dietary modification has the potential to be effective on a global scale. Public health measures in the United States have sought to reduce obesity by reducing the intake of dietary fat. While these efforts have succeeded in reducing dietary fat, obesity has continued to increase, suggesting that moderate fat reduction may not be effective. Other proposed diets include low-carbohydrate diets, low glycemic index diets, and very low fat diets. While all of these diets may be effective for some people, they are not satisfactory for public health policy. In fact, the ratio of fat to carbohydrate may not be as important as previously believed. Humans may be well suited to adapt to diets as varied as a high carbohydrate tropical diet consisting mostly of fruits to the high fat Eskimo diet consisting largely of animal foods. Either extreme may be healthful if providing adequate, but not excessive, energy and adequate amounts of micronutrients. Public health measures may need to focuss on reducing the overconsumption of inexpensive and convenient foods.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2021

Vegetation index information is an important figure that is used in many fields such as landscape architecture, urban planning, and environment. Vegetation may vary slightly in vegetation vitality depending on photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. In this study, a range of vegetation worth preserving in the Taehwa River water system was determined, and hyperspectral images of drones were acquired (August, October), and the results were presented through DVI(Normalized Defference Vegetation Index), EVI(Enhanced Vegetation Index), PRI(Photochemical Reflectance Index), ARI (Anthocyanin Reflectance Index) index analysis. In addition, field spectral data and VRS-GPS(Virtual Reference System-GPS) surveys were performed to ensure the quality and location accuracy of the spectral band. As a result of the analysis, NDVI and EVI showed low vegetation vitality in October, -0.165 and -0.085, respectively, and PRI and ARI increased to 0.011 and 7.588 in October, respectively. For general vegetation vitality, it was suggested that NDVI and EVI analysis were effectively performed, and PRI and ARI were thought to be effective in analyzing detailed characteristics of plants by spectral band. It is expected that it can be widely used for park design and landscape information modeling by using drone image information construction and vegetation information.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in health behaviors among adolescents in order to provide fundamental data to develop an effective body weight control program. Methods: Secondary analysis was done using data from the 9th (2013) Online Survey on Adolescents' Health Behaviors by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The adolescents were divided into low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups according to body mass index (BMI). Differences in health behaviors were analyzed. Results: Gender, grade, socioeconomic status, perceived-health status, exercise, breakfast, fast food, ramen noodles, snacks, carbonated soft drinks, fruits and vegetables, satisfaction with sleep, stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly different among the groups. Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and snacks was significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the normal weight group. Eating fast foods, ramen noodles, and snacks was significantly lower in the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal weight group. Conclusion: Findings indicate that health behaviors among the groups differ from traditional knowledge about obesity. To develop optimal programs and improve efficacy, prior knowledge should be used to think differently and individualized programs should be based on an understanding health behaviors of adolescents.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.331-338
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• 2013

간질환을 주소로 추적검사를 위해 내원한 CT(Computer Tomography, 이하 CT) 검사자를 대상으로 체질량 지수와 관전압 변화에 따른 영상의 화질 및 방사선 피폭선량변화에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 2010년 3월부터 2011년 6월까지 부산 P대학병원에 복부 CT 를 검사한 환자 중 체질량지수(Body Mass Index, 이하 BMI)가 25이하인 환자를 대상으로 하였고 대상자는 48명이었다. 영상의 질의 객관적 평가로 신호대 잡음비와 유효선량을 비교하였다. 복부 영상의 화질평가는 영상의학과 의사2명이 한국의료영상품질관리원에서 선정한 임상영상 평가의 기준을 근거로 해 1점에서 20점까지 점수를 매겨 평가하였다. 피폭선량분석에서 CTDIvol값은 관전압이 100kVp일 때 120kVp보다 약44.1%가 감소하였다. 그리고 유효선량은 관전압 100kVp일 때 120kVp보다 약43%가 감소하였다. 영상의 화질 평가는 반복적으로 CT검사를 위해 내원한 총48명의 검사자 영상 중 Good 1명, Excellent 47명으로 평가되었다. 추적검사를 시행하는 환자 중 BMI지수가 25이하인 환자들을 대상으로 저관전압을 적용한 복부 CT검사 시 영상의 질적 저하없이 진단 가치가 있는 영상의 획득과 피폭선량 감소효과를 얻을 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3465-3468
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• 2016

Background: Fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}FDG$) PET/CT imaging has become an important component of the management paradigm in oncology. However, the significant imparted radiation exposure is a matter of growing concern especially in younger populations who have better odds of survival. The aim of this study was to estimate the effective dose received by patients having whole body $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scanning as per recent dose reducing guidelines at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study covered 63 patients with different cancers who were referred for PET/CT study for various indications. Patients were prepared as per departmental protocol and 18FDG was injected at 3 MBq/Kg and a low dose, non-enhanced CT protocol (LD-NECT) was used. Diagnostic CT studies of specific regions were subsequently performed if required. Effective dose imparted by 18FDG (internal exposure) was calculated by using multiplying injected dose in MBq with coefficient $1.9{\times}10^{-2}mSv/MBq$ according to ICRP publication 106. Effective dose imparted by CT was calculated by multiplying DLP (mGy.cm) with ICRP conversion coefficient "k" 0.015 [mSv / (mG. cm)]. Results: Mean age of patients was $49{\pm}18$ years with a male to female ratio of 35:28 (56%:44%). Median dose of 18FDG given was 194 MBq (range: 139-293). Median CTDIvol was 3.25 (2.4-6.2) and median DLP was 334.95 (246.70 - 576.70). Estimated median effective dose imparted by $^{18}FDG$ was 3.69 mSv (range: 2.85-5.57). Similarly the estimated median effective dose by low dose (non-diagnostic) CT examination was 4.93 mSv (range: 2.14 -10.49). Median total effective dose by whole body 18FDG PET plus low dose non-diagnostic CT study was 8.85 mSv (range: 5.56-13.00). Conclusions: We conclude that the median effective dose from a whole body 18FDG PET/CT in our patients was significantly low. We suggest adhering to recently published dose reducing strategies, use of ToF scanner with CT dose reducing option to achieve the lower if not the lowest effective dose. This would certainly reduce the risk of second primary malignancy in younger patients with higher odds of cure from first primary cancer.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.400-407
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• 2008

A health index was proposed that evaluates personal health state from both measured physiological variables and survey questions. Four health indices were defined such as cardiovascular index, stress index, obesity index, and management index. The total health index was calculated by summing these four health indices. Physiological variables such as blood pressure, heart rate variability(HRV), accelerated photoplethysmograph(APG), and body fat percentage were non-invasively measured and a survey questionnaire that asks personal health state, exercise intensity, and food preference was developed. The suggested health index was applied to thirty eight persons including 30 patients and 8 normal persons with an average age of 51.8. The average health index was estimated to be 75.1 out of 100 points. Young age group(below 50) and men group showed higher health indices than the aged(over 50) and women groups. The correlation coefficient between the cardiovascular index and stress index was found to be 0.513, which means stress is related to cardiovascular health state. The correlation coefficient between the measurements and survey questions was 0.385 for the cardiovascular index. It was as low as 0.182 for the stress index. More case studies may improve correlations between measurements and survey questions, and then, the current health index system may develop as an effective tool to evaluate personal health state.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the mother's interest in weight control and its association with the preschooler's obesity and weight related concerns. This was a cross-sectional study based on 470 parents' self-reports. To score interests in weight control, mothers rated each of 6 items on a five-point Likert scale ranging from disagree (1) to agree (5). The perceptions of mothers' weights and their children's weights, mothers' Body Mass Index (BMI), preschoolers' Weight-Length Index (WLI) (%), and weight-related concerns were determined. The mothers' BMI was significantly correlated with interest scores of weight control in mothers (r=0.632, p<0.001) while their children's obesity was weakly correlated with the mothers' interest scores (r=0.133, p=0.025). Mothers with a high interest of weight control reported higher percentages of family history of obesity than mothers with lower interests (63.2% vs. 36.8%, p<0.001). Two-thirds of the mothers (65.4%) were accurate in their perceptions about their weights. Similarly, 63.7% of mothers knew exactly their children's weight-statuses. Compared with mothers with low interest in weight controls, mothers with high interest in weight control had lower correct-perceptions about their weights (p<0.05) but higher correct-perceptions about their children's weights. More than two-thirds of mothers (85%) reported not worrying about their children's obesity in the future. Only 14.3% of the mothers were satisfied with their current weight statuses. Three-fourths of mothers preferred exercise as an effective weight-control method for their children, 20% preferred diet therapy and 5.5% preferred behavior modification. More girls were overweight / obese, than boys (overweight: 16.1% (girl) vs. 12.8% (boy), obese: 5.4% (girl) vs. 4.5% (boy)). About 40% of overweight girls' mothers had low interests in their weight controls with low correct-perceptions in their children's weights, which suggests possible elevated risk of obesity, especially in girls, in the future.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 중심에 동공을 갖는 원통형태 광결정 도파로가 제안되어지고, 이 전송로의 도파 특성에 대한 분석이 수행되어진다. 여기서 동공은 일반적인 공기이거나 임의의 액체나 고체 물질들에 의한 저지수 유전체로써 형성되게 된다. 베셀 함수를 이용한 분석적 방법으로 전자장에 대한 엄밀한 해를 구하기 위하여, 행렬 기법이 고유치 방정식의 유도에 사용되고, 실효 굴절률, 분산, 전자장 분포 등의 기본 모드의 중요한 전송 성질들이 조사된다. 또한 분석 결과 정확도의 검증을 위하여 엄밀한 완전 벡터 유한 차분법을 적용해보고, 광결정 도파로의 설계와 제조 상의 문제를 해결하는데 용이하게 활용하고자 한다. 설계된 중심-동공 광도파관의 실효 모드 면적이 2.6056 ㎛2에서 5.9673 ㎛2까지 동작 파장에 따라 다양하게 변하며, 일반적으로 광도파로의 중심으로부터 바깥쪽으로 원통형의 층수가 적을수록 그리고 굴절률 n1이 약간 큰 저지수일수록 실효 면적은 작아지므로, 비선형 소자 응용의 관점에서 훨씬 더 최적화된 결과를 나타낸다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining the lumbar stabilization exercise with the gluteal muscle strength exercise on pain, the dysfunction index, and postnatal depression in women experiencing chronic low back pain after a cesarean section. Methods: The study used a randomized design with two groups: one group (n=15) performed the lumbar stabilization exercise along with the gluteal muscle strength exercise, while the other group (n=15) only did the lumbar stabilization exercise. The intervention consisted of 30 minute exercise sessions, twice a week, for 6 weeks. The pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the dysfunction index with the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and postnatal depression using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale-Korean version (EPDS-K). Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in their VAS, ODI, and EPDS-K scores within their respective groups (p<.05). Additionally, the between-group analysis revealed significant differences in post-test results (p<.05). Conclusion: The combination of the lumbar stabilization exercise and the gluteal muscle strength exercise proved to be more effective in reducing pain, improving the dysfunction index, and alleviating postnatal depression in women with chronic low back pain after a cesarean section. Therefore, incorporating these exercises could be beneficial as an intervention program for women experiencing chronic low back pain after a cesarean section.