• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3023-3028
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• 2013

Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT ) is a promising modality for the treatment of various tumors. In order to assist in optimizing treatment, we applied 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin to evaluate cytotoxicity in Hela cells. Methods: Antiproliferative effects of 5-ALA/PDT and cisplatin, alone and in combination, were assessed using MTT assay. To examine levels of apoptosis, Hela cells treated with 5-ALA/PDT, and combination treatment were assessed with Annexin-V/PI by flow cytometry. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alterations in cell proliferation and apoptosis, Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression of p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. Results: MTT assays indicated that combination treatment obviously decreased the viability of Hela cells compared to individual drug treatment. In addition, it was confirmed that exposure of Hela cells to 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin resulted in more apoptosis in vitro. Synergistic anticancer activity was related to upregulation p53 expression and alteration in expression of p21, Bcl-2 and Bax. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that administration of 5-ALA/PDT in combination with the low-dose cisplatin may be an effective and feasible therapy for cervical cancer.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2020

Radiation therapy is one of the primary options for the treatment of malignant tumors. Even though it is an effective anti-cancer treatment, it can cause serious complications owing to radiation-induced damage to the normal tissue around the tumor. It was recently reported that normal stem cell response to the genotoxic stress of ionizing radiation can boost the therapeutic effectiveness of radiation by repairing damaged cells. Therefore, we focused on annexin A-1 (ANXA1), one of the genes induced by low-dose irradiation, and assessed whether it can protect adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) against oxidative stress-induced damage caused by low-dose irradiation and improve effectively cell survival. After confirming ANXA1 expression in ADSCs transfected with an ANXA1 expression vector, exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to mimic cellular damage induced by a chronic oxidative environment to assess cell survival under oxidative conditions. ANXA1-transfected ADSCs demonstrated that increased viability compared with un-transfected cells and exhibited enhanced anti-oxidative properties. Taken together, these results suggest that ANXA1 could be used as a potential therapeutic target to improve the survival of stem cells after low-dose radiation treatment.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

유방촬영의 경우 대부분 양쪽 유방에 대해 연속촬영이 시행되고 있으며, 검사 시 규정하고 있는 3 mGy의 평균유선선량 보다 낮다 하더라도 추가 검사 및 연속촬영으로 인해 실제는 더 많은 선량을 받게 된다. 또한 검사 유방 외에 주변장기선량에 대해 인지하기 어렵다. 이에 본 연구는 유방영상시스템에서 수학적 모의피폭체를 이용하여 필터의 두께 변화(25, 30, $50{\mu}m$)에 따른 주변장기 선량분포와 검사측 유방을 기준으로 한 상대적 흡수선량률을 알아보았다. 그 결과 검사 반대 유방의 선량이 검사 유방을 기준으로 79.26~86.31%정도로 많은 영향이 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, Mo/Mo, W/Rh 조합에서 실제 사용되고 있는 필터 두께 $30{\mu}m$, $50{\mu}m$ 보다 얇은 $25{\mu}m$를 사용했을 때 검사 반대 유방과 주변장기의 상대적 흡수선량률이 낮게 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2008

In some situations, for example at very low doses, in microbeam irradiation experiments, or around high energy heavy ion tracks, use of the absorbed dose to describe the energy transferred to the irradiated target can be misleading. Since absorbed dose is the expected value of energy per mass it takes into account all of the targets which do not have any energy deposition. In many situations that results in numerical values, in Joules per kg, which are much less than the energy deposited in targets that have been crossed by a charged particle track. This can lead to confusion about the biochemical processes that lead to the consequences of irradiation. There are a few alternative approaches to describing radiation that avoid this potential confusion. Examples of specific situations that can lead to confusion are given. It is concluded that using the particle radiance spectrum and the exposure time, instead of absorbed dose, to describe these irradiations minimizes the potential for confusion about the actual nature of the energy deposition.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Pyrethroids (PYRs) are a widely used insecticide in agriculture and household area. In mammals, PYRs such as deltamethrin is metabolized to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in liver that is mainly excreted in urine. This study is designed to single exposure of deltamethrin to rats in a dose-dependent manner and identify the correlation between deltamethrin exposure and its metabolite (3-PBA) in urine. METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure levels of deltamethrin were control (0 mg/kg bw), low (0.0705 mg/kg bw), medium (0.705 mg/kg bw) and high (7.05 mg/kg bw) dose. Low concentration was derived by ussing Korea predictive operator exposure model (KoPOEM). Dermal exposure persisted for 6 h, and urine specimens were collected for 24 h. The urine matrix was removed after a series of procedures and 3-PBA was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: There was a strong correlation ($R^2=0.83$) between the amount of oral exposure to delta me thrin and urinary levelof3-PBAexcreted. In dermal exposure groups of deltamethrin except high-dose, also there was a good correlation between urinary 3-PBA and deltamethrin exposure, but not stronger than in oral deltamethrin exposure groups. Based on these results, therefore, the amount of 3-PBA in urine can be used as a good monitoring indicator that reflexing the exposure level of deltamethrin to human body.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2008

디지털 시스템이 가지는 장점인 영상판 검출기의 반응 범위(dynamic range)가 상당히 넓다는 것은 필름/증감지 시스템보다 더 높은 수준의 노광 관용도를 갖기에 재촬영이 줄어들고 영상관리에 효율적이지만, 조사조건의 설정범위가 상당히 넓어 필름/증감지 시스템의 엄격한 조사조건보다 더 많은 조사선량이 환자에게 노출 될 수도 있다. 본 연구는 디지털 시스템 하에서 일반촬영 시 방사선사 개인 별 조사선량에 대한 인식과 행위실태를 파악하여 환자피폭선량을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 마련하고, 방사선 선량관리의 중요성을 새로이 인식하고자 하였다. 디지털 시스템 하에서 근무 중인 방사선사의 조사조건 설정과 환자피폭선량 인지 실태를 파악해 본 결과 환자의 체형이나 상태, 촬영부위에 따라 최적의 조사선량을 적용하기 보다는 영상의 농도와 업무의 편의성에 따라 조사조건이 설정되고 있었다. 디지털 시스템이 도입되며 검출기의 반응 범위가 필름/스크린 시스템보다 넓어짐에 따라 조사조건 설정에 대해 관심이 소홀한 경향이 있었다. 따라서 디지털 방사선 시스템 하에서 환자 피폭선량의 감소를 위해 최적의 조사조건으로 영상을 얻어야 할 것이다. 또한 조사선량을 최소로 하고 환자 피폭선량을 줄이기 위해 업무 습관과 인식을 새로이 할 필요성이 있고, 지속적인 관심과 주기적인 교육 및 점검, 다양한 교육 기회제공 등이 필요하다고 본다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study has attempted to evaluate and compare the image evaluation and exposure dose by respectively applying Filtered Back Projection(FBP), the existing test method, and Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction(ASIR) with different values of tube voltage during the Low Dose Computed Tomography(LDCT). Materials and Methods: With the image reconstruction method as basis, Chest Phantom was utilized with the FBP and ASIR set at 10%, 20% respectively, and the change of Tube Voltage (100kVp, 120kVp). For image evaluation, Back ground noise, Signal to Noise ratio(SNR) and Contrast to Noise ratio(CNR) were measured, and, for dose evaluation, CTDIvol and DLP were measured respectively. The statistical analysis was tested with SPSS(ver. 22.0), followed by ANOVA Test conducted after normality test and homogeneity test. (p<0.05). Results: In terms of image evaluation, there was no outstanding difference in Ascending Aorta(AA) SNR and Infraspinatus Muscle(IM) SNR with the different values of ASIR application(p<0.05), but a significant difference with the different amount of tube voltage(p>0.05). Also, there wasn't noticeable change in CNR with ASIR and different amount of Tube Voltage (p<0.05). However, in terms of dose evaluation, CTDIvol and DLP showed contrasting results(p<0.05). In terms of CTDIvol, the measured values with the same tube voltage of 120kVp were 2.6mGy with No-ASIR and 2.17mGy with 20%-ASIR respectively, decreased by 0.43mGy, and the values with 100kVp were 1.61mGy with No-ASIR and 1.34mGy with 20%-ASIR, decreased by 0.27mGy. In terms of DLP, the measured values with 120kVp were $103.21mGy{\cdot}cm$ with No-ASIR and $85.94mGy{\cdot}cm$ with 20%-ASIR, decreased by $17.27mGy{\cdot}cm$(about 16.7%), and the values with 100kVp were $63.84mGy{\cdot}cm$ with No-ASIR and $53.25mGy{\cdot}cm$ with 20%-ASIR, a decrease by $10.62mGy{\cdot}cm$(about 16.7%). Conclusion: At lower tube voltage, the rate of dose significantly decreased, but the negative effects on image evaluation was shown due to the increase of noise. For the future, through the result of the experiment, it is considered that the method above would be recommended for follow-up patients or those who get health checkup as long as there is no interference on the process of diagnosis due to the characteristics of Low Dose examination.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2003

Differences between the principles for the radiological protection of man and the environment are compared. The derived levels of exposure for man and biota recommended by the international agencies with dose rates for chronic radiation producing effects at different levels of biological organization were given in terms of the biological effects. Cytogenetic effects on plants after an exposure to ionizing radiation at low doses alone and in combination with other factors are discussed. A wide range of experimental data were analysed and the general conclusions were extracted to cover the topics such as non-linearity of dose response, synergistic and antagonistic effects of the combined exposure of different factors, radiation-induced genomic instability, and the phenomena of radioadaptation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.345-362
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• 2017

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the risk of various disease outcomes due to exposure to cyanobacteria toxin (microcystin-LR) through drinking water in a Korean watershed. In order to determine the risk in a more quantitative way, the risk assessment framework developed by the National Research Council (NRC) of the United States (US) - hazard identification, dose-response relationship, exposure assessment, and risk characterization - was used in this study. For dose-response relationships, a computer software (BenchMark Dose Software (BMDS)) developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to fit the data from previous studies showing the relationship between the concentration of microcystin-LR and various disease outcomes into various dose-response models. For exposure assessment, the concentrations of microcystin-LR in the source water and finished water in a Korean watershed obtained from a recent study conducted by the Ministry of Environment of Korea were used. Finally, the risk of various disease outcomes due to exposure to cyanobacteria toxin (microcystin-LR) through drinking water was characterized by Monte-Carlo simulation using Crystall Ball program (Oracle Inc.) for adults and children. The results of this study suggest that the risk of disease due to microcystin-LR toxin through drinking water is very low and it appears that current water treatment practice should be able to protect the public from the harmful effects of cyanobacteria toxin (microcystin-LR) through drinking water.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiation exposure to the eye and thyroid in pain physicians during the fluoroscopy-guided cervical epidural block (CEB). Methods: Two pain physicians (a fellow and a professor) who regularly performed C-arm fluoroscopy-guided CEBs were included. Seven dosimeters were used to measure radiation exposure, five of which were placed on the physician (forehead, inside and outside of the thyroid protector, and inside and outside of the lead apron) and two were used as controls. Patient age, sex, height, and weight were noted, as were radiation exposure time, absorbed radiation dose, and distance from the X-ray field center to the physician. Results: One hundred CEB procedures using C-arm fluoroscopy were performed on comparable patients. Only the distance from the X-ray field center to the physician was significantly different between the two physicians (fellow: 37.5 ± 2.1 cm, professor: 41.2 ± 3.6 cm, P = 0.03). The use of lead-based protection effectively decreased the absorbed radiation dose by up to 35%. Conclusions: Although there was no difference in radiation exposure between the professor and the fellow, there was a difference in the distance from the X-ray field during the CEBs. Further, radiation exposure can be minimized if proper protection (thyroid protector, leaded apron, and eyewear) is used, even if the distance between the X-ray beam and the pain physician is small. Damage from frequent, low-dose radiation exposure is not yet fully understood. Therefore, safety measures, including lead-based protection, should always be enforced.