• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.3-14
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• 2002

In this paper we classify the possible threat and introduce the method that measures the loss resulted from the threat in the university. This is the method that the amount of the loss minimized in the case of the same quality in damage as establish a economical prediction model. The method of measuring the loss is as follows. First, asset should be clearly identified and valued. Second, threats which may result in harm to asset should be classified. Third, vulnerabilities which is weaknesses associated with asset should be analyzed. Fourth, measure the value of the loss. we explain the valued method by the example.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.86-95
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• 2020

This paper describes the work and the results of the final Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) for the Jordan Research and Training Reactor (JRTR). This final PSA was undertaken to assess the level of safety for the design of a research reactor and to evaluate whether it is probabilistically safe to operate and reliable to use. The scope of the PSA described here is a Level 1 PSA, which addresses the risks associated with core damage. After reviewing the documents and its conceptual design, nine typical initiating events were selected regarding internal events during the normal operation of the reactor. AIMS-PSA (Version 1.2c) was used for the accident quantification, and FTREX was used as the quantification engine. 1.0E-15/yr of the cutoff value was used to deliminate the non-effective Minimal Cut Sets (MCSs) when quantifying the JRTR PSA model. As a result, the final result indicates a point estimate of 2.02E-07/yr for the overall Core Damage Frequency (CDF) attributable to internal initiating events in the core damage state for the JRTR. A Loss of Primary Cooling System Flow (LOPCS) is the dominant contributor to the total CDF by a single initiating event (9.96E-08/yr), and provides 49.4% of the CDF. General Transients (GTRNs) are the second largest contributor, and provide 32.9% (6.65E-08/yr) of the CDF.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.717-722
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of hesperidin and hesperetin, which are the active compounds from Citrus junos, in the cellular system. Under cellular model of oxidative damage using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cell, the oxidative damage induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) led to the loss of cell viability, while treatment of hesperidin and hesperetin increased significantly the cell viability as dose-dependent manner. In addition, NO-induced cellular oxidative damage by sodium nitroprusside were significantly recovered by the treatment of hesperidin and hesperetin, showing the increase of cell viability. But hesperidin and hesperetin showed no significant protective effect on $O_2{^-}$-induced cellular oxidative damage. The present study indicates that hesperidin and hesperetin protect against free radical, especially AAPH-induced peroxyl radical. In particular, hesperetin has stronger protective effect against oxidative stress than hesperidin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2021

Wargame is a simulated military operation with certain rules, specifications, and procedures, in which soldiers can virtually and indirectly experience the war. The ROK Navy operates the Cheonghae model, a training wargame model for helping commanders and staff master the procedures for conducting the war. It is important for commanders, staff and analysts to know whether a warship can perform its missions and how long it can last during a war. In existing model, the Cheonghae, the probability of kill of a warship is calculated simply considering the number of tonnage without any stochastic elements, and the warship's mission availability is also determined based on predetermined values. With this model, it is difficult to get a value of the probability of kill that makes sense. In this dissertation, the author has developed a probabilistic model in which the warship vulnerability data of ROK-JMEM can be used. A conceptual model and methodology that can evaluate the mission performance of personnel, equipment, and supplies has been proposed. This can be expanded to a comprehensive assessment of wartime warship loss rates by integrating damage rates for personnel, equipment, and supplies in wartime.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

The ML 5.8 earthquake shocked Gyeongju, Korea, at 11:32:55 UTC on September 12, 2016. One year later, on the afternoon of November 15, 2017, the ML 5.4 earthquake occurred in Pohang, South Korea. The earthquakes injured many residents, damaged buildings, and affected the economy of Gyeongju and Pohang. The damage proxy maps (DPMs) were generated from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery by comparing pre- and co-events interferometric coherences to identify anomalous changes that indicate damaged by the earthquakes. DPMs manage to detect coherence loss in residential and commercial areas in both Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes. We found that our results show a good correlation with the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) report with Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale values of more than VII (seven). The color scale of Sentinel-1 DPMs indicates an increasingly significant change in the area covered by the pixel, delineating collapsed walls and roofs from the official report. The resulting maps can be used to assess the distribution of seismic damage after the Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes and can also be used as inventory data of damaged buildings to map seismic vulnerability using machine learning in Gyeongju or Pohang.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.561-564
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• 2009

In order to reduce damage from natural disasters, prevention activities through analysis and predicting based on meteorological factor and damage data is required. Other countries already have continuously studied on natural disasters and developed reducing disasters damage. But the risk assessment model for natural disaster is not to Korea. Therefore, a previous model of hurricane, Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model(FPHLM), is the basis and is applying to domestic situation. Accordingly, this study introduces the variables selecting process because input variables should be selected under Korea present state and be used. The estimating representative damage method would be necessary along with selecting housing types representing relevant areas because estimating damage amount of all over relevant areas housing was very hard during damage estimating process. But there is no exact representative housing types in the Korea. Therefore, we select housing types applicable to risk assessment model for natural disasters representing the Korea through previous studies and literature reviews. We using ASCE 7-98(Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, 1998) standard which estimated wind load using 3-second gust. ASCE 7-98 divided Main Wind Force Resistance System(MWFRS) and Component and Cladding(C&C) and it estimated wind load. Therefore, we estimate wind load affected by 3-second gust of a typhoon Maemi through calculating wind load process using selected representative detached house types in the process of selecting input variables for previous disaster predict model. The result of houses damage amount is about 230 hundred million won. This values are limit the 1-story detached dwelling, 19~29pyeong(62.81~95.56 $m^2$) of total area and flat roof. Therefore, this process is possible application to other type houses.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.295-310
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• 2010

Since wall paintings in Maitreya Hall of Geumsan-sa temple had displayed a serious state of damage and deterioration, a detailed examination such as structural analysis of the wall, cause of damage, and the state of deterioration have been thoroughly conducted before the conservation treatment has commenced. The most seriously deteriorated part of the wall paintings was the south wall of the building in particular in its painted and surface layer. The painted layer had formed its own layer of thick, which has been separation from the surface layer. As such problem developed the whole surface layer has been separated from the wall. The problem has been caused by two reasons: 1. the heavy weight of the roof section and it caused cracks and damage on the wall; 2. the loss of function of consolidating material and it caused discolouring and the separation of surface layer from the wall. The cause of damage on the painted and surface layers can be assumed in two ways: 1. its surrounding environment such as the change of temperature and humidity level and ultraviolet rays ; 2. the loss of mechanical function of consolidating material, synthetic resin which had been applied in the past conservation treatment. The separation of layers from the wall and cracks was caused by the mistake in choosing an applicable consolidating material and dismantling technique which had ignored a different characteristic of the wall painting of Korean buddhist temples.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.229-239
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• 1997

The superoxide anion radical$(O_2)$ poses a threat to macromocules and cell organelles of the living cells. This toxicity damage to all groups of proteins results in loss of enzyme function concerned with metabolism and ion transport, and peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol results in a change of permeability characteristics of the membrane, and oxidative of nucleic acids results in genomic damage and thereby cause mutation, potential carcinogenesis and somatic damage that produce cellular aging Superoxide dismutase(SOD) has received substantial attention as a potential therapeutic agent. It has been investigated as a possible agent for the prevention of ontogenesis, the reduction of cytotoxic effect of anticancer drugs, and protection against damage in ischemic tissue. It is suggest that $O_2$ is concerned with cellular aging, thereafter we need to investigate herb that activated to SOD.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.171-191
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• 2024

Wind Driven Rain (WDR) poses a significant threat to the building environment, especially in hurricane prone regions by causing interior and content damage during tropical storms and hurricanes. The damage due to rain intrusion depends on the total amount of water that enters the building; however, owing to the use of inadequate empirical methods, the amount of water intrusion is difficult to estimate accurately. Hence, the need to achieve full-scale testing capable of realistically simulating rain intrusion is widely recognized. This paper presents results of a full-scale experimental simulation at the NHERI Wall of Wind Experimental Facility (WOW EF) aimed at obtaining realistic rain characteristics as experienced by structures during tropical storms and hurricanes. A full-scale simulation of rain in strong winds would allow testing WDR intrusion through typical building components. A study of rain intrusion through a sliding glass door is presented, which accounted for the effects of multiple wind directions, test durations and wind speeds; configurations with and without shuttering systems were also considered. The study showed that significant levels of water intrusion can occur during conditions well below current design levels. The knowledge gained through this work may enhance risk modeling pertaining to loss estimates due to WDR intrusion in buildings, and it may help quantify the potential reduction of losses due to the additional protection from shuttering systems on sliding glass doors during winds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.291-294
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• 2011

The accident of Slip damage which arose between propeller boss and shaft will be a great problem of safety and economical due to the loss of propulsion power. In this study, the cause of slip damage on the large vessel was surveyed by meeting with officers of troubled ship, checking of drawings on the new built and surveyor report of adjuster company. Additionally, the material of propeller had been compression tested for confirming the impact strength. The result of this studies would be promote the design strength for contact force for keyless propeller, and futhermore reduce the accident of propeller slip between propeller boss and shaft.