• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.186-190
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• 1997

We measured an anisotropy inhomogeniety and dispersion of rf sputterd permalloy thin films by TBP(Transverse Biased Permeability) measurement method. Angular distribution function had a shape similar to the Lorentzian distribution, but magnitude distribution function deviates from the sysmetric Lorentzian distribution because of long tail to the region of a high Hk value. With increasing film thickness, the angular and magnitude anisotropy dispersion increased. The increase of angular dispersion was due to both the increase of grain size and local anisotropy in thicker films.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.153-158
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• 2016

This paper aims to discuss the Non Darcy boundary layer flow of non-conducting viscous fluid with magnetic ferroparticles over a permeable linearly stretching surface with ohmic dissipation and mixed convective heat transfer. A magnetic dipole is applied "a" distance below the surface of stretching sheet. The governing equations are modeled. Similarity transformation is used to convert the system of partial differential equations to a system of non-linear but ordinary differential equations. The ODEs are solved numerically. The effects of sundry parameters on the flow properties like velocity, pressure, skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented. It is deduced the frictional resistance of Lorentz force decreases with stronger electric field and the trend reverses for temperature. Skin friction coefficient increase with increase in ferromagnetic interaction parameter. Whereas, Nusselt number decrease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2016

마그네트론 스퍼터링은 박막의 증착에 널리 사용되는 기술로 음극의 설계가 핵심적이다. 영구 자석과 전자석을 겸용하는 경우도 있고 고주파 코일을 추가하여 2차 플라즈마 발생을 유도하여 공정의 유연성을 한층 높인 방법도 오랫동안 사용되어 왔다. 전자의 자기장 하에서의 운동은 Lorentz force를 적분하여 예측할 수 있으며 가장 중요한 전자 - 중성간의 충돌 과정인 탄성 충돌, 여기 충돌, 이온화 충돌을 고려하면 보다 실질적인 마그네트론 플라즈마의 거동을 이해하고 그 결과를 기반으로 자석 배치를 설계할 수 있다. PIC (particle-in-cell) code를 이용하면 플라즈마 내의 전자기장 효과를 상세히 검증해볼 수 있지만 계산 시간의 부담 때문에 고성능 병렬 컴퓨터를 사용하여야 한다. 그 이유는 하전입자(전자, 이온)의 공간적인 분포에 변화가 발생하면 전위가 영향을 받고 전자의 가속이 발생하는 쉬스(sheath)의 두께가 따라서 변화하기 때문이다. 여기서 계산 시간의 단축을 위한 가정, 즉, 쉬스의 두께가 일정하다는 사실을 적용하면 계산시간을 획기적으로 단축 시킬 수 있으며 병렬 계산의 효율성도 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 원리에 입각한 코드를 개발하고 평판 디스플레이용 사각형 음극에 대해서 적용했던 경험을 바탕으로 원형의 스캔형 마그네트론 음극 구조의 이해와 설계에 적용하고자 코드를 개발하였다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.46.3-47
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• 2016

We construct a solar eruption model with a background solar wind by performing three-dimensional zero-beta magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation. The initial configuration of a magnetic field is given by nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) reconstruction applied to a flux emergence simulation. The background solar wind is driven by upflows imposed at the top boundary. We analyzed the temporal development of the Lorentz force at the flux tube axis. Based on the results, we demonstrate that a solar eruption is caused by the imbalance between magnetic pressure gradient force and magnetic tension force. We conclude that this imbalance is produced by a weak but continuously existing solar wind above an active region.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.140-142
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• 1998

The major part of SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) system consist of the superconducting coil, cryostat and current lead, power converter. The 0.7MJ SMES coil was a design and manufacture by using SMES device that we developed a design code. A SMES coil was wound with high winding tension in order to prevent wire motion from Lorentz force. This paper described optimum design for the SMES coil.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Multilayered high-temperature superconductor coated conductor (CC) tapes are used in an extensive range of applications and are exposed to many stresses such as hoop stress, radial/transverse tensile stress under large Lorentz forces, and thermal stress while cooling if thermal expansion properties differ. Loads induced transversely at the tape surface inevitably create delamination phenomena in the multilayered CC tapes. Thus, delamination behaviors of CC tapes along the c-axis under transverse loading conditions, which can vary based on manufacturing process and constituent layers, must be characterized for applications. The anvil test method was used to mechanically investigate the delamination characteristics of various commercially available Ag-stabilized CC tapes at room temperature and 77 K, finding superior strength at the latter. The wide variations found depended on tape structure and fabrication technique. Fractographic morphologies of delaminated tapes supported the findings under transverse loading conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.222-232
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• 1995

자기저항이란 외부 자기장에 의해 재료의 전기저항이 변화되는 현상을 일컫는다. Au와 같은 비자성도체 및 반도체 재료의 경우 외부에서 자기장이 가해지면 전도 전자가 Lorentz 힘을 받아 궤적이 변하므로 저항이 변화한다. 이러한 저항 변화 를 정상 자기저항(Ordinary Magnetoresistance, OMR)이라 하며 일반적으로 상당히 작은 저항의 변화를 나타낸다. 강자성도체 재료에서는 정상 자기저항 효과 외에도 부가적인 효과가 생긴다. 이는 스핀-궤도 결합에 기인한 효과로써 자기 저항은 강자성체의 자화용이축, 외부자계와 잔류간의 각도에 의존하며 이방성 자기저항(Anisotropic Magnetoresistance, AMR)이라 한다. AMR 비(%)는 일반적 으로 다음과 같이 정의된다. 즉 ${\Delta}{\rho}_{AMR}/{\rho}_{ave}=(\rho_{\|}-\rho_{T})/{\rho}_{ave}$로 여기서 $\rho_{\|}$는 자기장의 방향이 전류의 방향과 같을 때의 비저항 이고 $\rho_{T}$는 서로 수직일 때이며 ${\rho}_{ave}=(\rho_{\|}-\rho_{T})/3$이다. 기존의 MR 센서나 자기재생헤드(magnetic read head)에 사용되는 퍼머로이계 합금의 AMR 비는 상온에서 약 2% 정도의 저항변화를 보인다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 2016

Retrieving the equivalent electromagnetic parameters (permittivity and permeability) plays an important role in the research and application of metamaterials. Frequency dispersion of magnetic permeability has been theoretically predicted in a metamaterial composed of cut wire pairs (CWP) separated by dielectric substrate on the basis of circuit theory. Magnetic resonance resulting from antiparallel currents between the CWP is observed at the frequency of minimum reflection loss (corresponding to absorption peak) and effective resonator size can be determined. Having calculated the circuit parameters (inductance L, capacitance C) and resonance frequency from CWP dimension, the frequency dispersion of permeability of Lorentz like magnetic response can be predicted. The simulated resonance frequency and permeability spectra can be explained well on the basis of the circuit theory of an RLC resonator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.257-261
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• 2004

Computational fluid dynamics analysis was carried out for thermo-chemical flow field in Arcjet thruster with mono-propellant Hydrazine ($N_2$H$_4$) as a working fluid. The theoretical formulation is based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations for compressible flows with thermal radiation. The electric potential field governed by Maxwell equation is loosely coupled with the fluid dynamics equations through the Ohm heating and Lorentz force. Chemical reactions were assumed being infinitely fast due to the high temperature field inside the arcjet thruster. An equilibrium chemistry module for nitrogen-hydrogen mixture and a thermal radiation module for optically thin media were incorporated with the fluid dynamics code. Thermo-physical process inside the arcjet thruster was understood from the flow field results and the performance prediction shows that the thrust force is increased by amount of 3 times with 0.6KW arc heating.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2003

Design and test results of a VRAG(Vacuum Rotary Arc Gap) switch were presented. To control the damage of electrodes caused by the vacuum arc, Lorentz's force by the radial magnetic field between spiral electrodes was used to rotate the vacuum uc. VRAG switch electrodes were made of the material of CuCr and OFHC. Gap distance between two spiral type electrodes for the rotation of the arc discharge is 8, 10, 12mm. In the cathode, one trigger electrode was inserted into each spiral wing. Normal operation of the VRAG switch was confirmed with 10.6[$mutextrm{s}$]of trigger delay and 2~3[$mutextrm{s}$] of the jitter time. The speed of the vacuum arc was measured to be 0.6 ~ 1[km/s] by a motion analyzer.