• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.326-331
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of dietary slander glasswort extract on improvements in bowel function and constipation relief. Balb/C mice were used to measure transit movement of a charcoal meal after slander glasswort extract was added to their drinking water at 0.36, 0.72, and 1.5 mg/mL concentrations. The extract's constipation relief effects were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats with loperamide-induced constipation by adding 2, 3, and 4 mg/mL of the extract to their drinking water, and by feeding yogurt containing 0.0, 0.25, and 0.50% slander glasswort extract mixed into a 10-fold amount of water. The mice receiving the extract at 1.5 mg/mL via drinking water had a 16.4% increase in the rate of transit as compared to the controls. In addition, the rats receiving the extract via drinking water and yogurt had increased in constipation relief from 128 to 156% and from 107 to 150%, respectively, as compared to the controls. Based on the results, slander glasswort is considered to have effects on improving bowel function and relieving constipation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.146-154
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• 2006

Objectives : Siguan points (LI4, LR3) have been most frequently applied for various diseases, especially different digestive disorders such as constipation, abdominal pain or various intestinal inflammatory diseases. The fact that gastrointestina movement is closely connected with physiologic functions or pathologic process of alimentary canal led us to ask the question if Siguan points affects on intestinal motility. Design: To investigate the effect of Siguan acupuncture on the intestinal movement in both physiologic and pathologic conditions, we divided the experimental animals into 12 groups. Six groups were pre-treated with loperamide (0.5 mg/kg, sc) or scoploamine (0.5 mg/kg, sc) to suppress the intestinal movement and another three groups were pretreated with carbachol (0.5 mg/kg, po) to activate it, whereas the rest three groups didn't receive any pretreatment to be kept in the physiological condition. After the administration with charcoal meal, mice were acupunctured bilaterally on sham point or Siguan points as the manner of tap-stimulation, with the exception of no acupuncture groups. Methods : Mice were scarified in twenty minutes after the administration of charcoal to measure the distance of charcoal passage from stomach-duodenal junction. The effect on intestinal movement was presented by calculating the relative distance where charcoal arrived to total length of small intestine. Results : In physiological state, charcoal meal passed around 53%, and there was no significant difference between Siguan points and sham points groups. On the other hand. Siguan points-sitimulation significantly ameliorated loperamide or scoplolamine-induced suppressed travel rate of 17.3 % and 18.6% in sham point into 26% and 26.3% respectively (p<0.05). In carbachol-induced accelerated condition, Siguan points-stimulation didn't affect intestinal motility comparing to sham point group passed about 97.6%. Conclusions : These results postulate that acupuncture at Siguan points have a therapeutic effect by restoring cholinergic activity on pathogenically suppressed intestinal peristalsis, but does not affect the gastrointestinal motility in the normal or accelerated condition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.743-749
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of resistant starches (RS2, RS3) on weight change and defecation states in rats with constipation induced by loperamide. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following six groups: normal control-5% cellulose (NC), constipated-5% cellulose (CC), constipated-5% pectin (CP), constipated-5% RS2 (CR2), constipated-8% RS2 (CR2-H) and constipated-5% RS3 (CR3). The animals were fed AIN76-based experimental diets for 5 weeks. Supplementation of RS2 and RS3 resulted in significantly lower feed efficiency ratios and body weight gain as compared to cellulose supplemented group. Large intestine length was significantly longer in the resistant starch and cellulose groups than in the pectin group. Relative fecal weight to feed intake was significantly higher in the RS3 resistant starch group than in the pectin group, and the appearance of feces was similar to that of the cellulose group. Supplementation of RS3 or cellulose significantly shortened gastrointestinal transit time in the constipated rats as compared to pectin. The results of the present study demonstrated that resistant starch supplementation, especially RS3, may help in depress body weight gain and alleviate constipation through an increase of fecal weight and shortening gastrointestinal transit time in constipated animals.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.56-61
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Baekyeum (BKE) on intestinal motility. Methods: The effects of BKE on intestinal motility at the physiological state were evaluated by determination of intestinal motility after administration of a charcoal meal. The effects of BKE on intestinal motility at cabachol-induced activated state and loperamide induced suppressed state were also evaluated by determination of intestinal motility after administration of charcoal meal. Results: BKE didn't affect the intestinal motility in physiological state, and BKE didn't affect the intestinal motility at the carbachol-induced activated state. BKE activated significantly the intestinal motility at the loperamide-induced suppressed state. Conclusions: It can be concluded that BKE is an effective herbal prescription for cancer-patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, especially intestinal stasis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.262-266
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• 2013

Certain phenolic compounds are known to exhibit laxative properties. Seed sprouts, such as those of peanut, are known to promote de novo biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. This study was conducted to examine the potential laxative properties of 80% (v/v) ethanolic extract of peanut sprout (PSE), which contains a high concentration of phenolic compounds such as resveratrol. For this, SD rats were orally administered PSE while a control group was incubated with saline. Laxative effects were examined in both groups of rats. Constipation induced by loperamide in SD rats was improved by administration of PSE. Constipated rats showed increased intestinal movement of $BaSO_4$ upon administration of PSE compared to the control, and the groups administered 100 or 1,000 mg PSE/kg bw were not significantly different in transit time of the indicator. However, colon length was not statistically different among the experimental groups, although it was longer in the group incubated with 1 g PSE/kg bw compared to other groups. Further, there was no significant difference in stool number among the experimental groups. Taken together, these findings show that PSE has a laxative effect in a rat model of loperamide-induced constipation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Objective : To investigate the therapeutic effect of manual acupuncture at Siguan (four gates, bilateral LI4 and LR3) on suppression of gastrointestinal motility. Methods : A single blind, randomized, sham-acupuncture controlled, crossover study was conducted. Twenty healthy male subjects were admitted at hospital, and gastrointestinal motility suppression was induced by loperamide administration. Just after intake of 20 radio-markers, four gates or sham acupoint treatments were administered every 12 hours, 4 times over 48 hours. Gastrointestinal motility was evaluated by radiographic distribution of the radiomarkers at stomach or ileum, ascending, transverse, descending colon, sigmoid/rectum, and outside body at serial time points (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). Results : Four gates acupuncture activated gastrointestinal movement as evidenced by significantly changed distributionof radio-makers at 6, 12, and 48 hours (P < 0.0001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.03, respectively) in Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics. No serious adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusions : This study showed a scientific clinical relevance of four gates acupuncture to gastrointestinal disorders.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.442-450
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• 2011

We investigated the improvement in intestinal function and the constipation preventive and remedial effects of the fermented milk product R&B $Rhythm^{(R)}$ in mice and rats. The results showed that the effects varied significantly among different doses. The digestive tract transfer rate increased dramatically in a dose-dependent manner in both animals. Compared with treating constipation with loperamide alone, treatment with loperamide and the fermented milk R&B Rhythm improved the number of fecal pellets from the animals, suggesting that it is effective for preventing and relieving constipation. Both the quantity of feces and water content of the feces increased significantly at high levels of yogurt feeding. These results suggest that repetitively ingesting fermented milk products could be effective for preventing and treating constipation symptoms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.649-661
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• 2020

This study examined the laxative effects of hot-water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (HD), Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel (PM), and a 2:8 mixture of both (HP) in two chronic constipation models. For the loperamide-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group, negative control group (loperamide 4 mg/kg), positive control group (bisacodyl 4 mg/kg) group, and six treatment groups (HP 100 or 400, HD 50 or 100, and PM 100 or 400 mg/kg). For the low-fiber diet-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group (normal diet), negative control group (low-fiber diet), positive control group (Agio granule, 620 mg/kg), and the same treatment groups. Fecal number, weight, fecal water content, and intestinal transit ratio were higher in the groups treated with HP, HD, and PM than in the groups treated with loperamide or low-fiber diet. Thickness of colon mucosa and muscle layers were increased in the treated groups. Colon tension increased in the HP groups, and [Ca²⁺]i measurements using fura-2 as an indicator showed that HP inhibits ATP-mediated Ca²⁺ influx in IEC-18 cells. These results showed that the HP mixture has laxative activity by increased mucin secretion and inducing contractile activity and relaxation. It may be a useful therapeutic strategy for ameliorating in chronic constipation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.761-766
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• 2005

Objectives : 본 연구는 암환자의 위장관 기능장애를 개선시킬수 있는 보다 효과적인 약물개발의 일환으로 곽향 추출물의 장운동에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행되어졌다. Methods : 생리적인 상태에서 곽향추출물이 장운동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 장운동촉진제인 carbachol과 곽향추출물을 실험쥐들에게 투여후 15분후 charcoal meal을 먹여서 charcoal meal의 소장내 통과 정도를 비교 측정하였다. 또, loperamide, scopolamine, nicotine으로 장운동을 억제시켜 놓은 실험쥐들에 15분 간격으로 곽향 추출물과 charcoal meal을 먹인 후 역시 charcoal meal의 소장내 통과 정도를 비교 측정하였다. Results : 곽향 추출물은 생리상태에서는 장운동에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 곽향추출물은 loperamide와 scopolamine으로 유발된 장운동 억제상태에 대하여 부분적으로 영향을 끼쳤다. 그러나 nicotine으로 유발된 상태에 대해서는 영항을 끼치지 않았다. Conclusion : 곽향 추출물은 소화관 기능부전 완화에 효과적으로 작용하는 천연물이라 추론할 수 있다.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was conducted to compare Chaenomelis Sinensis Fructus with Chaenomelis Lagenariae Fructus, and to examine Fructus chaenomelis having an influence on Intestinal Motility. Methods : We compared Chaenomelis Sinensis Fructus with Chaenomelis Lagenariae Fructus, by observing their effects on Intestinal Motility. Oral administration of water extracts of Chaenomelis Sinensis Fructus and Chaenomelis Lagenariae Fructus into albino rats was followed by dealing with carbachol or loperamide, injecting charcoal meal and measuring the moving length in the intestine. Results : By Chaenomelis Sinensis Fructus and Chaenomelis Lagenariae Fructus, the Intestinal Motility of normal albino rats did not change significantly. Chaenomelis Sinensis Fructus and Chaenomelis Lagenariae Fructus controled the accelerated Intestinal Motility of albino rats. Chaenomelis Sinensis Fructus was not different from the extracting method, Chaenomelis Lagenariae Fructus had effects of control on extracting by methanol significantly. When Chaenomelis Sinensis Fructus was compared with Chaenomelis Lagenariae Fructus, the former was proved to have control effects on Intestinal Motility in decoction extracts and extracts by ethyl ether higher than the latter. By both Chaenomelis Sinensis Fructus and Chaenomelis Lagenariae Fructus, the declined Intestinal Motility was not changed significantly. Conclusion : Chaenomelis Fructus suppressed the exasperated Intestinal Motility by carbachol, but did not influence the dropped Intestinal Motility by loperamide. In addition, Chaenomelis Sinensis Fructus was more excellent than Chaenomelis Lagenariae Fructus in its control effects of Intestinal Motility. inhibitory effects by DKT represent a potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of inflammatory diseases.