• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1994

In order to elucidate the patterns of tissue damage evoked by the scuticociliatids, eighteen fingerlings of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, heavily infected with an unidentified scuticociliatid were histopathologically examined. Skin layer with the underlying musculature were severely necrotized due to the infestation of the ciliates. However in the early lesions, both dermis and myofibres remained relatively intact compared with other surrounding loose connective tissues. Mild damages were found in more dense tissues. One or more scuticociliatids were recognized in the blood and lymph vessels of the loose connective tissues with or without destructive changes. Many of nerve trunks or ganglia were also parasitized with less marked histological damage in the parenchyma. Dura and its adjacent tissues in the spinal cord were severely necrotized with massive accumulation of the ciliates in subdural space. The parasitic invasion in the central nervous system was usually confined to the cortical region. In the gill, variable degenerative changes were occurred due to the invasion of the ciliates recognized in the blood vessels of branchial arches or primary filaments. From these results, it was strongly suggested that the scuticociliatids are very actively penetrated into the deep tissues mainly through the severe destruction of the loose connective tissue components and that the vascular system could play a role in the rapid distribution of the ciliates to the remote tissues or organs.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.20-42
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• 1998

The present study was designed to understand the basic principles of the laser system and to assess the optimal coditions of the Nd:YAG laser irradiation system in order to expand the use of the laser system in the dental field. The laser system used in this study was a pulsed-wave output type and the power level is 9 watts. The incisors of developing rats were irradiated with the laser system explained above for 0.5, 1, and 2 seconds giving energy density 71, 167, and 215 J/$cm^2$ respectively. The rats were sacrificed just after irradiation or 10 minutes and 10 days after irradiation. The specimens were examined with the stereoscope, light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. The tissue removal efficiency (depth of the cavity formed) is increased with the energy density after Nd:YAG laser irradiation. 2. The carbonized area is increased with the energy density. Cracks and melted appearance are seen in all kinds of the energy densities. 3. The lacunae in the damaged alveolar bone by the laser irradiation were empty, while those in the newly formed bone were occupied with the osteocytes. The damaged alveolar bone was repaired by the osteoblasts and macrophages on the periphery of the bone matrix. 4. The damaged enamel was replaced by the loose connective tissues showing many kinds of cells. The ameloblasts were differntiated on the replaced loose connective tissue. 5. The damaged dentin was repaired by the irregular dentin formed by the odontoblasts differentiated from the mesenchymal cells migrated from the pulp core.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 1996

This study was performed to assess the efficacy of high voltage pulsed galvanic current for the healing of wounds in rabbits. Skin wounds were created laterally on the flank of 12 domestic rabbits($3{\times}3cm$). The wounds of each group were treated with an intensity of 170 V at a frequency of 70 pulses per second, which was applied for 30 minutes a day for 10 days. The experimental groups were randomly assigned to either EXP I (n=3), EXP II(n=3), EXP III(n=3) or control(n=3). Each group was stimulated under the following conditions : 1) EXP I (Negative polarity), 2) EXP II (Change in polarity, negative electrode stimulation during the first 3 days and then positive electrode stimulation from 4 to 10 days), 3) EXP III(Positive polarity), 4) control(No stimulation). An active electrode was placed over the wound and a dispersive electrode on the buttock. The rate of wound closure was compared with the original wound size, evaluated by a tracing film in each measurement period. Finally, on the wound in each group, skin tissue was excised for histological evaluation after treatment for 10 days. The results obtained are as follows : 1) It was found that the control group did not show a complete remodeling of epitherial layer and had a chronic inflammatory response. Judging from the irregularity of intercellular space and the loose alignment of connective tissue, these findings show that wound healing was delayed. 2) EXP I showed a significant bactericidal effect, but a moderate response of vasodilation. The rate of wound closure was slower when compared with EXP II, III. 3) EXP II showed a complete remodeling of epitherial layer and a positive repair of connective tissue. Its rate of wound closure was best when compared with the others. 4) EXP III had a slower rate of wound closure than EXP II, but judging from the greater proliferation of collagen fibers and the dense alignment of connective tissue, this positive electrode was very effective in the formation of neo - connective tissue.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.317-332
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the natural coral(NC) and the hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate hemihydrate(HA/CS) on an early stages of wound healing in the rat periodontal fenestration defects. In this experiment, twelve male rats(Mean : 520g in BW) aged 8 to 9 months were used. Experimental periodontal fenestration defects were surgically created with tapered fissure bur at the buccal surface of the left mandibular 1st, 2nd molars. The buccal aspects of molar roots were carefully denuded of their periodontal ligament through a bony window created in the left mandibles of rats under general anesthesia. Each experimental periodontal fenestration defect was grafted with natural coral and HA/CS, randomly. An area without bone graft was assigned for negative control group. At 10,35 days, rats were serially sacrificed via intracardiac perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and specimens were processed with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The defect areas were filled with dense connective tissues at 10 days in control group. But in the test(NC, HA/CS)groups, the connective tissues around graft materials were formed more loosely and the response of inflammation by graft materials itself was not found. 2. The defect areas were filled with new osteoid tissues and new cementum was not formed on the cut root surface at 35 days in the control group. 3. New osteoid tissue formation was more prominent at 35 days in control than test groups. 4. The NC and HA/CS particles were encapsulated by loose connective tissues at 10 days and by dense connective tissues at 35 days, respectively. 5. In the test groups, resorption of graft particles was not found through the experimental time. From the above results, natural coral and hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate hemihydrate may be biocompatible and osteoconductive and have a weak adverse reaction to the periodontal tissues.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1997

Epizootic streptococal infction is one of the common disease in guinea pig. We have confirmed 54 case of epizootic streptococal infection in guinea pig by histopathology and epidemiology. Grossly infection is characterized by the presense one to several enlarged lymph nodes particularly of the mandible cervical lymph nodes and accompanied by pleuropneumonia. Histologically there were lymphadenitis with abscesses surrounded by loose connective tissue fibrinopurulent pneumonia pleuritis myocarditis pericarditis and peritonitis. Epidemiological survey revealed that mortality was high in young adult female(15.1%) and changeable weather season such as spring and fall. From findings it was suggested that epizootic streptococal infection of guinea pig begin to infect in breeding colony around weaning period and died from that infection at animal facility during the quarantine period.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2013

This report describes a 31-year-old female patient with six impacted teeth. The crowns of the impacted teeth were surrounded with cyst-like lesions with a mixed internal structure and well-defined cortical borders. Microscopic examination of the specimen obtained from the follicle of the left mandibular third molar tooth revealed loose to moderately dense collagenous connective tissue with abundant calcified material and sparse epithelial islands. A diagnosis of multiple calcifying hyperplastic dental follicles was made.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.261-281
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• 1993

The author transplanted periodontally-diseased teeth which had been treated with citric acid into a clinically healthy extraction sockets and periodontally-affected extraction sockets, and compared with the healing processes within these tissues. Recipient sites were prepared by surgically removing a part of alveolar bone of premolars of adults dogs, placing elastic orthodontic ligatures for 8weeks, thereby inducing periodontal disease. The diseased roots were extracted and transplanted into healthy extraction sockets, and these were designated as control group 1. Diseased roots transplanted into diseased sockets were designated as control group 2. Diseased roots which had been root planed, treated with citric acid and transplanted into healthy sockets were designated as experimental group 1, while identically treated roots which had been transplanted into diseased sockets were designated as experimental group 2. Observations were made at weeks 2, 8 and 12, with following results. 1. At week 2, experimental group 2 showed some inflammatory cell infiltration in the connective tissue above the extraction sockets, while control groups showed less inflammatory or foreign body reactions throughout the experiment. 2. In both control groups, root surface resorption was observed throughout the experiment, while experimental groups showed a little resorption. 3. Control group 1 & 2 showed ankylosis by newly-formed bone ground the resorbed root surfaces, while experimental group 1 & 2 displayed collagen fibers which are not functionally-arranged, with random, loose arrangement or parallel orientation to root surfaces, and newly-formed bone outside of them. 4. In both control groups & experimental groups which had been transplanted into a clinically healthy extraction sockets & periodontally affected extraction sockets groups, histological differences were not significant. 5. Root resorption or ankylosis in control group 1 & 2 had increased quantitatively as experiment progressed. 6. New bone formation developed from the base and lateral wall of extraction sockets. In both control groups & experimental groups, root surfaces lying next to the upper portion of extraction sockets showed little alveolar bone formation and surrounded by connective tissue fiber at weeks 2 & 8, while at weeks 12, they did show alveolar bone formation. 7. At week 12, experimental group 2 showed numerous cells which appeared to be periodontal ligament cells, with functionally arranged connective tissue fibers between the roots and alveolar bone.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

The purpose of this study w8s to evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic energy(Diapulse) and microcurrent on the wound healing in rabbits. 15 domestic rabbits were randomly assigned to the PRME(n=5). MC(n=5) and CON(n=91 group. Each rabbits were anesthetized with lidocaine HCL $2\%$. Skin wounds were created laterally on the back of IS domestic rabbits(33cm). From 24 hours after being injured, the rabbits of the PEME group were irradiated with an intensity of 3 at a 300 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The MC group were stimulated with an intensity of $50{\mu}A$ at frequency of40 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The CON group were not stimulated. The rabbits were sacrificed and the incised wound pans were processed appropriately for the light microscopic examination on the 3rd day, 6th day and 12th day before the beginning of wound treatment. The areas of wound were measured with metric graph paper. The results were as tallows. 1 The PRME and MC group compared with control group showed that wound closure rate increased on 6th, 12th day. 2. It was found that the CON group did not show a complete maturation and had a chronic inflammatory response. Judging from the irregularity of intercellular space and the loose alignment of connective tissue. these findings showed that wound healing was delayed. 3. It showed that inflammatory cells. fibroblasts and epithelial cells activity rapidly processed in the PEME group compared with the CON group. It was found that the PEMI; group showed a advanced remodeling of epithelial layer and a positive repair of connective tissue. 4. It showed that fibroblasts, epithelial cells and inflammatory cells activity rapidly processed in the MC group compared with the CON group. It was found that the MC group showed a improved remodeling of epithelial layer and a dense connective tissue.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 1985

This study was conducted in order to obtain the number and size of Leydig cell in the testis in accordance with the growth of Korean native goat. Twenty-one Korean native male goats were examied, and was divided into seven groups by 4 weeks interval from 8 to 32 weeks of age. The results were as follows: 1. The number of Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue were increased in accordance with age. The number of cells were increased twice from 1.3 cells at 8 weeks to 2.6 cells at 12 weeks of age, from 2.6 cells at 12 weeks to 5.5 cells at 24 weeks, respectively. And the cells were slightly increased from 5.5 cells at 16 weeks to 6.7 cells at 32 weeks. 2. The smallest cells were found in goats at 8 weeks of age, being 8.2${\mu}$m, and it showed noncontinual growth among groups of 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age, recording 9.18, 8.82 and 9.05${\mu}$m respectively. Leyding cells in 24, 28 and 32 weeks of age showed matured size being 10.42, 10.81 and 10.67${\mu}$m respectively. 3. Rows or clusters of Leydig cells were scattered in the loose connective tissue around lymphatic simusoids and blood vessels. Nuclei of Leydig cells were found to have 2 types, one type was stained pale and the other were stained dark. As a result of this study, Leydig cells found in the interstitial tissue were considered to grow until 20 weeks of age after birth, and reached to almost full maturated form by 24 weeks of ages.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 1978

A three year and seven month old girl with moderate depression deformity of the sternum associated with a huge well defined homogenous hazy mass density of the upper half of the right hemithorax on plain chest x-ray had developed, exertionaI dyspnea (Figs1, 2 and 3). Correction of the funnel chest was carried out with modified Ravitch procedure and resection of the intrathoracic cystic mass was performed through an anterolateral thoracotomy incision in one stage operation satisfactorily (Figs. 7 and 8). On exploration, the mass, $15{\times}12{\times}10$cm in size, was connected to the bronchus at 1cm a bove the carina by a stalk (Fig. 4). The outer surface showed abundant vasculature. The specimen was filled with mucoid material; the inner surface was much trabeculated. glistening and smooth (Fig. 5 and 6). yficroscopically, the cyst was lined with simple or pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The cystic wall was composed of loose fibrous connective tissue, muscle layers, cartilages with some lymphocytic infiltration (Fig. 9). Isolated cases of funnel chest deformity and congenital bronchogenic cystic disease are not uncommon; however, the assocbtion of the two conditions is yery rare. Therefore. report and review of the literature was done.