• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 1995

1983년 경기도 여주군 가남면에서 83점의 Wenner 배열 수직전기비저항탐사와 22점의 양수시험 이 농업진흥공사에 의해 수행되었으며, 10개의 시추공도 개발되었다. 이번 연구에서는 위의 결과로 얻어진 자료들을 바탕으로 하여 대수층의 전기적, 수리적 특성에 관하여 고찰하였다. 지하를 1차원 구조로 가정하여 수직탐사 자료를 해석한 결과, 이 지역은 4층의 비저항 구조를 가지며, 대수층으로 생각되는 10 m의 평균 두께와 506 ohm-m의 평균비저항을 갖는 제 3층은 비저항이 높은 기반암 위에 위치하는 것으로 해석되었다. 이러한 경우에는 전류의 대부분의 흐름이 대수층에 평행하여 수평 단위 컨덕턴스(longitudinal unit conductance)가 겉보기비저항 곡선을 결정하는 중요한 변수가 되고 이 지역에서는 이것과 대수층의 투수량 계수가 서로 밀접하게 연관될 수 있기 때문에 이들 두 량 사이의 관계가 얻어졌다. 수직탐사의 해석에 의해 각 층의 비저항과 두께가 구해지므로 투수량계수와 비저항의 관계식, 수리전도도와 비저항 사이의 관계식도 얻어졌다. 이 지역의 투수량계수와 수평 단위 컨덕턴스 사이에는 비례하는 관계, 투수량수와 비저항 사이에는 반비례하는 관계, 수리전도도와 비저항 사이에도 반비례하는 관계가 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1980

A model study was conducted for the investigation of apparent resistivity variation along with electric resistivity variation of host rock and dip variation of bed. Experiments were carried out for the cases of horizontal and dipping beds in a water tank by using Wenner and Schlumberger arrays and by changing salinity of water. The ratios of resistivity values of the bed to that of brine were 1 : 10, 1 : 50, 1 : 100 and 1 : 500. Natural coally-shale of $55cm{\times}35cm{\times}3.5cm$ was used as a bed for experimental model, and brine as a host rock. Equi-resistivity curves and characteristic curves were obtained for each case of the experiment. The equi-resistivity curve was drawn both on the cross section parallel to strike of bed and longitudinal section perpendicular to it. The characteristic curve was drawn on the cross section. In the case of dipping bed of different dips, the curves are parallel to the boundary of the bed in the upper part of the bed, and are inclined to the opposite direction with the same angle of the dip of bed in the lower part. We can deduce, from the equi-resistivity curves, the location, shape and dip of the bed. It is shown in the characteristic curves that when the ratio of resistivity value of bed to that of host rock increases, the slope of curves becomes steeper, location of low-resistivity zone lower, and the width of it narrower. The slope of curves also becomes steeper when dip of bed increases. We can deduce, from the characteristic curves, the ratio of resistivity values between adjacent beds. It was found out from the experiments that electric resistivity method could be applicable to prospecting for underground geology with an electric resistivity contrast of 1 : 10. This fact strongly suggests that distinction of coal from coally-shale could be possible in a certain field condition.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

We have measured the Hall resistivity (${\rho}_{xy}$) and the longitudinal resistivity (${\rho}_{xy}$) on superconducting $MgB_2$ thin films in extended fields up to 18 T. We found a universal scaling behavior between the Hall resistivity and the longitudinal resistivity, which is independent of the temperature and the magnetic field. At a wide magnetic field region from 1 to 18T, a universal power law of ${\beta}=2.0{\pm}0.1$ in a scaling relation, ${\rho}_{xy}={A{\rho}_{xx}}^{\beta}$, was observed in c-axis-oriented $MgB_2$ thin films. These results can be well interpreted by using recent models.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2002

분산지수는 해수침투 범위를 파악하기 위한 수리동역학적 모델링을 실행하는데 필요한 매개변수이며. 이를 현장실험으로 구하기 위해서는 많은 시간과 비용을 필요로 하기 때문에 종종 기존의 실험과 이론적 연구에서 제시된 것을 이용한다. 그러나 그 분산지수가 실제 대수층의 특성을 나타내지 못할 경우, 모델링 결과에 많은 오차가 발생할 가능성이 크다 본 연구에서는 수치모델링에서 모사된 해수침투 범위와 현장측정치 및 겉보기비저항 단면도를 비교하여 이용된 분산지수의 타당성을 검증하였다. 수치모델링 결과, Neuman의 종분산지수보다 Xu의 종분산지수를 적용한 TDS분포가 연구지역내 관측공과 모니터링 우물에서의 현장측정치와 비교하였을 때 더 유사한 값을 나타내었다. Xu의 분산지수를 이용한 수치모델링에서 해수침투 범위는 건기인 5월에는 TDS 1000mg/L 등치선이 해안에서 약 480m 지점에 위치하며, 7월에는 해안에서 약 390m 지점에 위치한다. 이 차이는 강우에 의한 수리경사의 계절적인 변화에 의해서 해수와 담수의 경계면이 7월에 약 90m 정도 해안쪽으로 더 이동하였기 때문에 나타났다. 겉보기비저항 단면도에서는 해수와 담수의 경계로서 15 ohm-m 등치선을 이용하여 해수침투 범위를 설정하였으며, 그 결과 해수침투 범위가 해안으로부터 약 450m 지점에 위치하였다. 이것은 Xu의 분산지수를 이용한 수치모델링에서 모사된 해수침투 범위와 유사한 결과이다. 따라서 수리동역학적 모델링에서 분산지수에 따라 해수침투 범위가 차이를 보이는데, 본 연구지역에서는 Xu의 공식을 이용하여 산출된 분산지수가 해수침투의 범위를 결정하는데 더 유효하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1994

전형적인 f-f 및 nf-f 공정합금계로 분류되는 Sb-InSb 및 Sn-Bi 합금계를 일방향 응고시켜서 성장속도에 따른 전기비저항값의 변화를 조사함으로써 미세조직의 이방성을 전기비저항의 특성으로 분석하고자 하였다. Sb-InSb 계의 경우 26-34wt.% In, Sn-Bi 계의 경우 53-65wt.% Bi의 조성을 갖는 공정합금을 진공봉합시켜 Bridgman형의수직관상로에서 일방향응고시켰다. 일방향응고 시편을 횡단면 및 종단면으로 절단 채취하여 미세조직을 관찰한 후 전기비저항을 측정하였다. Sb-InSb , Sn-Bi공정복합조직의 경우 모두 성장속도의 증가에 따라 성장방향에 수평한 방향의 비저항값($\rho$┴)은 감소하였으며, Sb InSb 공정복합조직의 경우 특히 성장 속도의 증가에 따르는 미세조직상의 두가지 변화 즉, 상경계면적(phase boundary area)의 증가와 fiber방향성의 감소는 공히 $\rho$ ll 값을 증가시키는 반면 $\rho$┴ 값에는 서로 상반된 영향을 끼쳤다. 또한 성장속도의 증가에 따라 점차 조직의 이방성이 상실되었다. 이와 같이 측정된 전기비저항은 미세조직특성과 잘 일치하는 바 전기비저항 측정은 조직 특성분석의 유효한 도구가 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2004

Magnetization and electrical resistivity measurements in the wide temperature and field ranges were performed on single crystals of $UGe_2$. The presence of extremely large anisotropy in the temperature dependence of the susceptibility and magnetization has confirmed the previously published results. The dependence of spontaneous magnetization, ${\sigma}_s$, on temperature has been inferred from the Arrot plot and compared to that determined from neutron diffraction data. The earlier transversal and present longitudinal results on the magnetoresistivity are discussed in the terms of possible f-electron dualism in $UGe_2$ and its connection with the occurrence of superconductivity under pressure in this compound.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2004

This paper descibes on the characteristics of Ta-N(tantalum nitride) ceramic thin-film strain gauges which were deposited on Si substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering in an argon-nitrogen atmosphere (Ar-$(4{\sim}16%)N_{2}$) for high-temperature applications. These films were annealed in $2{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr vacuum furnace at the range of $500{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$. Optimum deposition atmosphere and annealing temperature were determined at $900^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr. in 8% $N_{2}$ gas flow ratio. Under optimum formation conditions, the Ta-N thin-film for strain gauges was obtained a high-resistivity of $768.93{\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, a low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of -84 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ and a good longitudinal gauge factor (GF) of 4.12.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1979

A model study was conducted for the interpretation of simple geologic structures. Experiments were carried out for the cases of two horizontal beds and dipping beds in a water tank by using Wenner and Schlumberger arrays respectively. As a geologic stratum of experimental model, cement be (cement: sand=1:2) of $70cm{\times}60cm{\times}10cm$ was used. It was found out from a preliminary experiment that a measuring sounding of Wenner arrays is one third of the distance between two current electrodes, and Schlumberger arrays is one fourth of the distance which is a half of the value determined by usual method of calculation. Equi-resistivity curves were obtained for the cases of horizontal beds and dipping beds, and mapped on the longitudinal and cross sections of the water tank. These curves delineate the shape and degree of dip of bed to some extent. The calculation of depth to beds by using a master curve is somewhat complicated and inexact. In this study, new method for this calculation using a ${\rho}_a/{\rho}_1-a$ graph was proposed, and turned out that this method is simpler and exact.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.334-337
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• 2002

The Quantum Hall Resistance(QHR) device which consists of GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction structure is used for the realization of QHR Standard based on QHE. In order to characterize electrical contact resistances and dissipations of the device, it is slowly cooled down for eliminating thermal shock and unwanted noise. Then, the two properties are measured under 1.5 K and 5.15 T. Contact resistances are all within 1.2 Ω and longitudinal resistivities are all within 1 mΩ up to DC 90${\mu}$A. The results mean the device is operated well to realize the QHR Standard. To confirm it, the QHR Standard having the device is compared using a direct current comparator bridge with a 1 Ω resistance standard which the calibrated value is known from QHR standards maintained by other countries. The difference between them is agreed well within measurement uncertainty. It is thus considered that the properties of the device is estimated well and has good performance.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.335-354
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• 2016

This contribution presents an extended one-dimensional theory for piezoelectric beam-type structures with non-ideal electrodes. For these types of electrodes the equipotential area condition is not satisfied. The main motivation of our research is originated from passive vibration control: when an elastic structure is covered by several piezoelectric patches that are linked via resistances and inductances, vibrational energy is efficiently dissipated if the electric network is properly designed. Assuming infinitely small piezoelectric patches that are connected by an infinite number of electrical, in particular resistive and inductive elements, one obtains the Telegrapher's equation for the voltage across the piezoelectric transducer. Embedding this outcome into the framework of Bernoulli-Euler, the final equations are coupled to the wave equations for the longitudinal motion of a bar and to the partial differential equations for the lateral motion of the beam. We present results for the wave propagation of a longitudinal bar for several types of electrode properties. The frequency spectra are computed (phase angle, wave number, wave speed), which point out the effect of resistive and inductive electrodes on wave characteristics. Our results show that electrical damping due to the resistivity of the electrodes is different from internal (=strain velocity dependent) or external (=velocity dependent) mechanical damping. Finally, results are presented, when the structure is excited by a harmonic single force, yielding that resistive-inductive electrodes are suitable candidates for passive vibration control that might be of great interest for practical applications in the future.