• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study was to characterize the Rolandic fissure[Rf] and was to identify the Rf using the surface bony landmarks which can be usually exposed on craniotomy. Methods : After morphological evaluation of the Rfs using 21 Korean adult formalin fixed cadavers, craniometric measurement was carried out from the surface bony landmarks of nasion, glabella, bregma, and lambda. Results : The Rfs of both hemispheres did not show the mirror image. The Rfs ran forward and downward toward the sylvian fissure keeping the mean angle of $67^{\circ}$ from mid-sagittal line as elongated S-shape in left and the elongated reverse S-shape in right hemisphere. Connections between the Rf and the longitudinal fissure and between the Rf and the sylvian fissure were found in 3 [7.1%] and 2 [4.8%] of 42 hemispheres, respectively. Most Rfs extended superiorly to 2-3mm lateral to the most superomedial surface of hemispheres and extended inferiorly to 3-5mm superior to the sylvian fissures. The mean distances from the nasion, glabella, bregma, and lambda to the most superomedial aspect of the Rf were $18.8{\pm}0.9cm,\;16.6{\pm}0.8cm,\;5.2{\pm}0.6cm$, and $6.9{\pm}1.0cm$, respectively. The mean distance measured between the Rf and the nasion using traditional method was $18.4{\pm}0.6cm$. Conclusion : The distance between the Rf and the nasion roughly correspond within the range of mean 4 mm compared with that measured by the traditional measurement. These data may be more helpful to delineate the Rf after the placement of drapes for craniotomy.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to construct a quantitative evaluation method that can analyze the policy effectiveness with the construction of a implicit composite index incorporating spatial econometrics models. In order to propose a methodological framework for the program evaluation, this study conducts an empirical analysis with the application of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project (CRVDP) which explicitly claims to achieve comprehensive goal of community development. The present study pays particular attention to quantifying the composite evaluation index and drawing net effect through the application of a series of spatial econometrics models. The spatial unit of the analysis is drawn at Eup-Myeon level in rural areas in Korea, and the time horizon is in between 2005 and 2010. We utilize the Korean Agricultural Census data in 2005 and 2010. Three steps of methodological processes are needed to satisfy the objective of the present study. First, we apply factor analysis to construct the composite index that represents comprehensive settlement environment in rural area. The index should be matched with the main objective of the CRVDP. Second, we apply the derived index to a series of spatial econometrics model as dependent variable. Lastly, utilizing the estimated coefficients of the econometrics models, we apply decomposition technique to estimate CRVDP's net effect from both cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. We find that the results of the decomposition analysis by the execution of the CRVDP are positively associated with the explicit object of the project.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2018

Purpose: Functional constipation (FC) is a common gastrointestinal (GI) problem affecting children's well-being and quality of life. Although polyethylene glycol (PEG) is recommended as the first line therapy, it is not always applicable in lower socioeconomic populations. Hence, this study aimed to compare clinical courses of FC in children treated with different medications in order to identify prognostic factors related to treatment outcomes. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients aged ${\leq}15$ years diagnosed with FC according to the Rome IV criteria from 2007 to 2015 at the GI clinic, Songklanagarind Hospital. Baseline characteristic, medical history, and treatment outcomes were collected at first and subsequent visits. Results: Exactly104 patients (median age at diagnosis, 2.8 years) were diagnosed with FC. The number of follow-up visits per patient ranged from 1 to 35. The median duration of follow-up was 18.0 months (range, 6.0-84.2 months). PEG was given to 21% of patients. During the follow up period, 76% of patients experienced first recovery with a median time to recovery of 9.8 months. There were no significant differences in time until first recovery and relapse between patients who received and those who did not receive PEG (p=0.99 and 0.06, respectively). Age >6 years, normal defecation frequency, no history of cow's milk protein allergy, and use of laxatives were associated with successful outcomes. Conclusion: Treatment outcomes between patients who had and never had PEG demonstrated no significant difference in our study. Hence, current practices in laxative prescriptive patterns may be effective.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.748-755
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• 2018

Timber from fast-growing tree species is susceptible to by biodeterioration attack, particularly subterranean termites. Impregnation with methyl methacrylate (MMA) potentially increases wood resistance to subterranean termite attack. Four wood species, namely sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), mangium (Acacia mangium), and pine (Pinus merkusii), were impregnated with MMA, and samples of untreated and imidacloprid-preserved wood were prepared for comparison purposes. Small stakes, sized 0.8 cm by 2 cm in cross section by 20 cm in the longitudinal direction, were inserted into the ground for 3 months, and the weight loss of each specimen was determined at the end of the test period. A factorial $4{\times}3$ completely randomized design was used for data analysis; the first factor was wood species, and the second factor was treatment. The results showed that MMA polymer loadings were 27.88%, 24.91%, 14.14%, and 17.81% for sengon, jabon, mangium, and pine, respectively, and amounts of imidacloprid retention were $7.56kg/m^3$, $5.98kg/m^3$, $5.34kg/m^3$, and $9.53kg/m^3$, respectively. According to an analysis of variance, wood species, treatment, and interaction of both factors significantly affected the weight loss of wood specimens. Mangium had the smallest weight loss, followed by pine, sengon, and jabon. MMA impregnation into the wood increased the resistance of wood samples to subterranean termite attack during in-ground testing, but the resistance level was lower than that of imidacloprid-preserved wood. Except for mangium wood, the MMA treatment did not significantly affect resistance.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1941-1955
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• 2009

이 연구의 주요 목적은 한국과 일본의 스트리트패션을 비교하고, 상대국 패션에 대한 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 각국의 두 패션잡지에서 2003년 춘하 시즌부터 2007/08 추동시즌까지의 여성 스트리트패션 자료를 수집하였다. 최종 2211 사진이 분석에 사용되었다. 양국 스트리트패션의 종단적 변화는 풀코디네이션 경향, 다양한 색상과 문양 사용의 증가, 세계적인 트렌드 영향과 같은 공통점을 보여주었다. 의복 아이템의 수용에서는 한국과 일본의 시간차이가 나타나서 일본 스트리트패션이 한국 스트리트패션에 영향을 끼쳤음을 시사하였다. 그러나 의복 수용의 시간차는 2006년 이후로 나타나지 않았으며, 양국의 스트리트패션은 동시에 변화하고 있었다. 추동시즌보다 춘하시즌에서 더 많은 유사성이 발견되었다. 또한, 액세서리에서도 의복 아이템에서보다 더 많은 유사성이 나타났으며, 액세서리 수용에서는 시간차이는 발견되지 않았다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

Recently, small-animal imaging technology has been rapidly developed for longitudinal screening of laboratory animals such as mice and rats. One of newly developed imaging modalities for small animals is an x-ray micro-CT (computed tomography). We have developed two types of x-ray micro-CT systems for small animal imaging. Both systems use flat-panel x-ray detectors and micro-focus x-ray sources to obtain high spatial resolution of $10{\mu}m$. In spite of the relatively large field-of-view (FOV) of flat-panel detectors, the spatial resolution in the whole-body imaging of rats should be sacrificed down to the order of $100{\mu}m$ due to the limited number of x-ray detector pixels. Though the spatial resolution of cone-beam CTs can be improved by moving an object toward an x-ray source, the FOV should be reduced and the object size is also limited. To overcome the limitation of the object size and resolution, we introduce zoom-in micro-tomography for high-resolution imaging of a local region-of-interest (ROI) inside a large object. For zoom-in imaging, we use two kinds of projection data in combination, one from a full FOV scan of the whole object and the other from a limited FOV scan of the ROI. Both of our micro-CT systems have zoom-in micro-tomography capability. One of both is a micro-CT system with a fixed gantry mounted with an x-ray source and a detector. An imaged object is laid on a rotating table between a source and a detector. The other micro-CT system has a rotating gantry with a fixed object table, which makes whole scans without rotating an object. In this paper, we report the results of in vivo small animal study using the developed micro-CTs.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1993

비지형대상물의 전면해석을 위한 다중지점 사진측량강의 설계에는 촬영점의 기하학적 배치, 영상의 기하학적 조건, 기준점 배치 및 조정의 경중률 등 많은 문제들이 복합적으로 포함되어야 하며, 특히 좁고 긴 구조물의 내부를 측량할 경우에는 특수한 사진측량망을 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 구조물 내부의 전면해석에 수반되는 주요 난점들의 해결안을 제시하고 결과의 정확도 및 신뢰도의 향상을 기하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 내부의 형상과 크기에 적합한 다중사진측량망을 구성하고 광속조정법에 의하여 3차원 자료를 취득, 강의 구성요소에 따른 정확도에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 아울러 본 연구에서 개발된 과대오차의 검출연산법은 사진측량 해의 신뢰도 향상에 그 활용이 기대된다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.75-111
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• 2004

현 연구에서는 NLSY 데이터를 이용하여 개개인이 노동시장에 진입한 이래로 겪은 모든 실직 및 실업 경험을 추출하고, 이를 바탕으로 특정 시점에서의 임금이 그 이전에 겪었던 실직의 횟수와 누적실업기간에 어떻게 영향을 받는가를 분석하였다. 기존의 연구들과는 달리 현 연구에서는 1회의 실업기간이 아닌 누적실업기간의 효과를 분석하였으며 나아가 실직 횟수와 누적 실업기간 중 어느 변수가 임금에 보다 큰 부정적 영향을 주는가를 분석하였다. 실직 횟수와 누적실업기간을 동시에 설명변수로 포함시킬 경우 남성 표본에서는 누적실업기간만이 유의하게 임금을 낮추는 것으로 나타나는 것과 대조적으로 여성 표본에서는 실직 횟수만이 임금에 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 남성의 경우 누적실업기간이 한 달 더 길어지면 임금은 0.4% 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으며 이 추정치는 표본 제약을 다양하게 바꾸고 추정모형을 달리하여도 변함 없이(robust) 나타났다. 한편 여성의 경우 추가적인 1회의 실직 경험이 가져다 주는 임금의 하락은 2%를 상회하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2007

High-strength concrete (HSC) is becoming increasingly attractive for various construction projects since it offers a multitude of benefits over normal-strength concrete (NSC). Unfortunately, current design provisions for shear capacity of RC slender beams are generally based on data developed for NSC members having a compressive strength of up to 50 MPa, with limited recommendations on the use of HSC. The failure of HSC beams is noticeably different than that of NSC beams since the transition zone between the cement paste and aggregates is much denser in HSC. Thus, unlike NSC beams in which micro-cracks propagate around aggregates, providing significant aggregate interlock, micro-cracks in HSC are trans-granular, resulting in relatively smoother fracture surfaces, thereby inhibiting aggregate interlock as a shear transfer mechanism and reducing the influence of compressive strength on the ultimate shear strength of HSC beams. In this study, a new approach based on genetic algorithms (GAs) was used to predict the shear capacity of both NSC and HSC slender beams without shear reinforcement. Shear capacity predictions of the GA model were compared to calculations of four other commonly used methods: the ACI method, CSA method, Eurocode-2, and Zsutty's equation. A parametric study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the GA model to capture the effect of basic shear design parameters on the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under shear loading. The parameters investigated include compressivestrength, amount of longitudinal reinforcement, and beam's depth. It was found that the GA model provided more accurate evaluation of shear capacity compared to that of the other common methods and better captured the influence of the significant shear design parameters. Therefore, the GA model offers an attractive user-friendly alternative to conventional shear design methods.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.76-88
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• 1982

The stream morphological characteristics of a basin have important influence upon the analysis of runoff. In this study, the laws of stream morphology-the law of average stream fall and the law of least rate of potential energy expenditure-which were derived based on the analogy of entropy in thermodynamics are introduced and their validity is analysised with the data taken from the topographic maps covering the whole Geum River system. The first law is the Law of Average Stream Fall which states that under the dynamic equilibrium condition the ratio of average fall between any two different order stream in the same river basin in unity. The second law is the law of least rate of energy expenditure which states that all natural streams are intended to choose their own course of flow such that the rate of potential energy loss per unit mass of water this course is a minimum. The parameters representing the morphological characteristics of 13 tributaries in the Geum River system such as stream bifurcation ratio and stream concavity were Computed from the Horton-Strahler's laws and are used to check the law of average stream fall. The result showed that the law of average stream fall agrees reasonably well with law of Horton-Strahler. Concavity of a river basin is shown to be the determinative factor to the formation of a stream system. Concavity of a river basin is shown to be the determinative factor to the formation of a stream system. Based on Horton's Law and the law of average stream fall, longitudinal stream profiles can be calculated.