• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1203-1215
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• 2018

The antioxidant effects of Allium hookeri root (AHR) were investigated by evaluating lipid and protein oxidation in meatballs during refrigerated storage at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. AHR was mixed at concentrations of 0.5% (w/w, T2) and 1% (w/w, T3) with minced longissimus dorsi muscle. Meatballs containing AHR (T2 and T3) were compared to those containing 0.05% (w/w) ascorbic acid (T1) as a reference and without antioxidant as a control. The 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, disulfide bond formation, carbonyl contents, and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) value of T2 were lower than those of the control during storage (p<0.05). The pH values of T2 and T3 were higher than that of the control (p<0.05). Texture profile analysis of T2 revealed a lower value compared to the control (p<0.05). Therefore, the VBN value, TBARS value, disulfide bond formation, and carbonyl content in meatball containing AHR were lower than those of the control meatball. These results indicate that AHR improves the quality of meat products and functions as an antioxidant.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2023

This study examined the association between functional sequence variants (FSVs) of myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3) genotypes and collagen content in a Landrace and Jeju native pig (JNP) crossbred population. Four muscles (Musculus longissimus dorsi, Musculus semimembranosus, Musculus triceps brachii, and Musculus biceps femoris) were used for the analysis of meat collagen content, and the same animals were genotyped for the FSVs of the MYH3 gene by using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Three FSVs of MYH3 genotypes were identified and had genotype frequencies of 0.358, 0.551, and 0.091 for QQ, Qq, and qq, respectively. QQ animals for the FSVs of the MYH3 genotypes showed higher collagen content in their M. longissimus dorsi (p < 0.001), M. semimembranosus (p < 0.001), M. triceps brachii (p < 0.001), and M. biceps femoris (p < 0.001) than qq homozygous animals. After the validation of this result in other independent populations, the FSVs of MYH3 genotypes can be a valuable genetic marker for improving collagen content in porcine muscles and can also be applied to increase the amount of collagen for biomedical purposes.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.988-999
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• 2019

To investigate the relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality traits by age of Korean native black goat (KNBG), four muscles (longissimus dorsi, LD; psoas major, PM; semimembranosus, SM; gluteus medius, GM) were obtained from five adult goat (AG; 18 months old) and five young goat (YG; 9 months old). PM muscle had the highest fiber number percentage (FNP) and fiber area percentage (FAP) of type I, followed by SM, GM, and LD muscles. FNP and FAP of type IIB were significantly (p<0.001) higher in AG than those in YG. YG had higher L^* values but lower b^* values than AG. The highest L^* and b^* values were observed in LD muscle (p<0.001). Age and muscle type had detrimental (p<0.001) effect on shear force and collagen content for all muscle in AG as compared to YG. YG had significantly (p<0.001) higher myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) than AG for all four muscles. These results suggest that muscle fiber compositions of different muscle types of KNBG depend on age, resulting in variations of meat color, MFI, collagen content, and shear force.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1751-1755
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to study the blood haematology, muscle pH, and serum cortisol changes in pigs with different levels of drip loss. Methods: Two groups (low and high) of 20 animals were selected from 100 pigs based on drip loss. All [$Duroc{\times}(Large\;White{\times}Landrace)$] pigs were slaughtered according to standard slaughtering procedures. At exsanguinations, blood samples were taken for the haematological parameters and serum cortisol analysis. The muscle samples were taken from longissimus dorsi muscle to evaluate the muscle pH and drip loss. Results: Haematological parameters of low drip loss group showed higher content of white blood cells and monocytes than high drip loss group (p<0.05). The low drip loss group had higher muscle pH at 45 min (p<0.05) and 24 h (p<0.001) post-mortem than the high drip loss group. However, there was no significant difference in serum cortisol levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: Drip loss is mainly affected by the muscle pH decline after slaughter and also might be affected by white blood cells and monocytes.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1739-1748
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• 2021

Objective: In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in many species, and some of them have been shown to play important roles in muscle development and myogenesis. However, the differences in lncRNAs between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle remain undefined; therefore, we aimed to confirm whether lncRNAs are differentially expressed in the longissimus dorsi between these two types of cattle and whether differentially expressed lncRNAs regulate muscle differentiation. Methods: We used RNA-seq technology to identify lncRNAs in longissimus muscles from these cattle. The expression of lncRNAs were analyzed using StringTie (1.3.1) in terms of the fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads values of the encoding genes. The differential expression of the transcripts in the two samples were analyzed using the DESeq R software package. The resulting false discovery rate was controlled by the Benjamini and Hochberg's approach. KOBAS software was utilized to measure the expression of different genes in Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. We randomly selected eight lncRNA genes and validated them by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: We found that 182 lncRNA transcripts, including 102 upregulated and 80 downregulated transcripts, were differentially expressed between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the sequencing results. Enrichment analysis and functional annotation of the target genes revealed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ras, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k)/Akt signaling pathways. We also constructed a lncRNA/mRNA coexpression network for the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our study provides insights into cattle muscle-associated lncRNAs and will contribute to a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying muscle growth and development in cattle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.595-604
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of dietary rumen-protected L-tryptophan (TRP) supplementation (43.4 mg of L-tryptophan kg^-1 body weigt [BW]) for 65 days in Hanwoo steers on muscle development related to gene expressions and adipose tissue catabolism and fatty acid transportation in longissimus dorsi muscles. Eight Hanwoo steers (initial BW = 424.6 kg [SD 42.3]; 477 days old [SD 4.8]) were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 4) of control and treatment and were supplied with total mixed ration (TMR). The treatment group was fed with 15 g of rumen-protected TRP (0.1% of TMR as-fed basis equal to 43.4 mg of TRP kg^-1 BW) once a day at 0800 h as top-dressed to TMR. Blood samples were collected 3 times, at 0, 5, and 10 weeks of the experiment, for assessment of hematological and biochemical parameters. For gene study, the longissimus dorsi muscle samples (12 to 13 ribs, approximately 2 g) were collected from each individual by biopsy at end of the study (10 weeks). Growth performance parameters including final BW, average daily gain, and gain to feed ratio, were not different (p > 0.05) between the two groups. Hematological parameters including granulocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, red blood cell, hematocrit, and white blood cell showed no difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups except for hemoglobin (p = 0.025), which was higher in the treatment than in the control group. Serum biochemical parameters including total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine phosphokinase, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and triglyceride also showed no differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Gene expression related to muscle development (Myogenic factor 6 [MYF6], myogenine [MyoG]), adipose tissue catabolism (lipoprotein lipase [LPL]), and fatty acid transformation indicator (fatty acid binding protein 4 [FABP4]) were increased in the treatment group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Collectively, supplementation of TRP (65 days in this study) promotes muscle development and increases the ability of the animals to catabolize and transport fat in muscles due to an increase in expressions of MYF6, MyoG, FABP4, and LPL gene.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2010

본 연구는 소의 부위별 근육에 특이하게 발현하는 유전자 마커를 발굴하여 소고기의 부위를 과학적으로 판명할 수 있는 기술을 개발하고자 실시하였다. 이러한 연구 목표 아래 먼저 사태(Beef shank), 등심(Longissimus dorsi), 양지(Deep pectoral), 홍두깨(Semitendinosus) 부위의 근육조직에서 MSC (myogenic satellite cell, 근육줄기세포)를 순수 분리하고 이를 MFC (myotube-formed cell; 근관이 형성된 세포)로 분화시키거나 ALC (adipocyte-like cell; 지방세포와 유사한 세포)로 이형분화 시킨 후 3가지의 세포로 부터 각각의 RNA를 추출하였다. 이렇게 추출한 RNA는 24,000개의 bovine oligo-nucelotide (70 mer)가 집적된 microarray를 이용해 4개의 조직 중 1개의 조직에서만 MSC의 분화(MFC) 또는 이형분화 과정에서 mRNA의 발현이 증감을 보이는 유전자 135개를 먼저 발굴하였다. 135개의 유전자에 대해 microarray 분석에 사용한 동일한 RNA를 이용하여 real-time PCR 기술로 검증한 결과 총 29개의 유전자가 microarray 분석 결과와 유사함을 보였다. 29개의 유전자를 다시 4개 부위의 생체 조직에서 추출한 RNA를 이용해 real-time PCR 방법으로 분석한 결과 TS (thymi- dlyate synthase), TE (tropoelastin), RAD52(similar RAD52 motifcontaining protein 1), unknown gene), MLC2 (myosin light 2, regulatory cardiac, slow), TXNIP (thioredoxin-interating protein) 6개의 유전자만이 다른 부위에 비해 사태 부위에서 현저한 발현의 차이를 나타냈다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 소 부위별 근육을 구분할 수 있는 과학적 기술의 토대를 확립하였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.628-633
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• 2005

Muscle fiber characteristics were evaluated for predictability of meat quality traits using 231 crossbred pigs. Muscle $pH_{45min}$, R-value, and $pH_{24hr}$ were selected to estimate regression equation model of drip loss and lightness, although variances of coefficient estimates could only account for small part of drip loss (about 16.3 to 25.3%) and lightness (about 16.9 to 31.7%). Muscle $pH_{24hr}$ was represented to drip loss and lightness, which explained corresponding 25.3 and 31.7% of estimation in drip loss and lightness, respectively. Area percentage of type IIb fiber significantly contributed to prediction of metabolic rate and meat quality. However, equations predicting meat quality traits based on area percentage of type IIb fiber alone are less useful than ones based on early postmortem parameters. These results suggest estimated model using both metabolic properties of muscle and postmortem metabolic rate could be used for prediction of pork quality traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1083-1088
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• 2012

The breeding value of marbling score in skeletal muscle is an important factor for evaluating beef quality. In the present study, we investigated proteins associated with the breeding value of the marbling score for bovine sirloin to select potential biomarkers to improve meat quality through comparative proteomic analysis. Proteins isolated from muscle were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. After analyzing images of the stained gel, seven protein spots for the high marbling score group were identified corresponding to changes in expression that were at least two-fold compared to the low marbling score group. Four spots with increased intensities in the high marbling score group were identified as phosphoglycerate kinase 1, triosephophate isomerase, acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein PO, and capping protein (actin filament) Z-line alpha 2. Spots with decreased intensities in the high marbling score group compared to the low score group were identified as 14-3-3 epsilon, carbonic anhydrase II, and myosin light chain 1. Expression of myosin light chain 1 and carbonic anhydrase 2 was confirmed by Western blotting. Taken together, these data could help improve the economic performance of cattle and provide useful information about the underlying the function of bovine skeletal muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1190-1196
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of storage temperatures ($4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$) and pig breeds (Laiwu pig and Large White pig) on the main antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) activity and lipid oxidation in porcine Longissimus dorsi muscle. Activities of antioxidative enzymes (AOE) decreased slightly during storage, regardless of storage temperatures. Muscle antioxidative enzymes activities stored at $4^{\circ}C$ were higher than that stored at $20^{\circ}C$. Laiwu pig's enzymes activities were significantly (p<0.01) higher than Large White's. The level of malondialdehyde is a direct expression of the grade of lipid oxidation in meat. In our study, the malondialdehyde contents increased after 6 days storage. However, malondialdehyde contents of Laiwu pig were significantly (p<0.01) lower than Large White's. A lower content of malondialdehyde corresponds to a lower oxidation of lipids. These results indicated the muscle antioxidative ability of Laiwu pig was higher than Large White pig. It also implied that antioxidative enzymes were involved in the essentials and deciding mechanisms of meat quality by quenching oxygen free radicals and inhibiting lipid oxidation in muscle.