• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2015

The changes in fatty acid composition of total intramuscular lipid and phospholipids were investigated in the longissimus dorsi, left-hind leg muscle, and abdominal muscle of male Ira rabbits. Changes were monitored at 35, 45, 60, 75, and 90 d. Analysis using gas chromatography identified 21 types of fatty acids. Results showed that the intramuscular lipid increased and the intramuscular phospholipids (total intramuscular lipid %) decreased in all muscles with increasing age (p<0.05). An abundant amount of unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, was distributed in male Ira rabbits at different ages and muscles. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and arachidonic acid (C20:4) were the major fatty acids, which account to the dynamic changes of the n-6/n-3 value in Ira rabbit meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.824-831
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• 2012

The objective was to compare meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics, lipid oxidation and fatty acids of Limousin (LIM), Simmtental (SIM), Luxi (LX), Qinchuan (QC) and Jinnan (JN) offered the same diet in China. After finishing, eight bulls from each breed were randomly selected for slaughter at 18.5 months old. Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle was taken from the carcass for meat quality evaluations. Breed had little effect on most of meat and fat color parameters except for Hue and $b^*$ in which QC had lower values. LIM showed higher pH (24 h) and better water holding capacity than other breeds. LIM showed the lowest dry matter content but the highest crude protein. LX and LIM had higher percentage and density of red muscle fiber than other breeds. Lipid oxidations were significantly lower in LIM than in QC, with the LX, SIM and JN having the intermediate values. Compared to other four breeds, QC provided the highest values of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids. In conclusion, LIM scored better on most of meat quality characteristics; however, local breeds such as LX and QC also had better muscle fiber characteristics and better fatty acids composition.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1090-1095
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• 2008

근내지방 축적이 왕성하게 진행되는 12개월 및 27개월령 사이에 유전자발현이 증가하는 inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) 유전자의 클로닝 및 유전자발현 특성을 규명하기 위하여 한우조직별, 근육 내 조지방 함량에 따라 마블링 high- 및 low 한우 각 4두와 3두씩을 공시하였다. ddRT-PCR 분석을 통하여 증폭된 300 bp PCR 산물 및 EST 서열을 중심으로 1.5 kb 한우 ICER cDNA를 염기서열 분석하였으며, 조직별 유전자발현분석결과, 식이지방이 흡수되는 소장 조직에서 ICER 유전자의 발현량이 가장 높았다. 아울러, 같은 근육타입인 등심 및 우둔조직 사이에서 ICER 유전자발현은 등심조직에서 2.5배 많이 발현하였다. 한우 마블링 high, low 두 그룹 간 유전자발현 분석 결과, high 그룹에서 ICER 유전자발현이 4배 이상 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, ICER 유전자는 가축의 마블링과 밀접한 관련이 있는 유전자임이 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.255-268
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• 2006

한우 암소에 있어서 번식기간을 연장하고 효율성 있는 암소 사양관리를 위하여 실시된 본 연구는 한우 노산암소의 단기비육을 돕는 첨가제로서 Vit. E, Se 및 MGA를 첨가 급여하여 암소의 발육성적을 검토하고, 도살 후 도체품질의 변화 및 도체의 특성을 규명하고자 평균산차 6.5산의 노산암소 24두를 대상으로 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 240일간의 증체성적은 투여구의 일당 증체량이 23.4% 증가하였고, 사료요구율도 대조구의 19.5에 비하여 투여구에서 16.3으로 개선되었다(P<0.05). 비육종료 후의 도체성적에서 육량은 투여구의 배최장근 단면적이 증가하고 등지방 두께가 감소하여 육량지수가 대조구의 63.95에 비하여 투여구에서 66.60으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 도체의 육질에서 근내지방도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 육색도 대조구보다 투여구에서 개선되었다(P<0.05). 등심조직 중의 육색과 일반화학성분, 물리적 특성 및 근섬유 특성은 처리구간의 차이가 없었으나, 체내 항산화 역할과 면역기능 향상에 영향하는 셀레늄 침착량은 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.05), α-Tocoperol의 함량은 증가하는 경향을 나타내어 육색 안전성에 기여하였음을 시사하였다. 등심조직에 대한 산패도 측정을 위한 TBARS의 농도는 도살 직후부터 2주차의 시험과정동안 유의한 저장성 개선효과가 나타나(P<0.05) 14일째에는 대조구와 투여구가 각각 3.99 및 1.35mg/kg 이었다. 등심조직에 대한 지방산의 조성에서 대조구와 처리구간의 포화지방산, 단일 및 다중 불포화 지방산의 함량의 차이는 인정되지 않았으나 C18:1을 비롯한 불포화 지방산의 함량이 투여구에서 전반적으로 증가하는 현상을 나타내었다. 따라서 노산암소를 단기비육할 때 발정 억제제와 항산화제를 급여하면 증체량 및 육질 개선의 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2004

본 연구는 한국 재래돼지의 도축전 절식과 숙성이 longissimus dorsi(LD), biceps femoris(BF) and triceps brachii(TB)의 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 18 시간동안 절식은 LD에서 유의적으로(P < 0.05) 높은 최종 pH을 보였고, BF도 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. 근육 온도는 절식유무에 영향을 받지않아, 이 결과는 각 처리구의 돼지들은 각기 다른 온도와 pH의 영향을 받았다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 영향은 LD의 경우 절식을 하지 않은 돼지에서 유의적으로 높은(P < 0.05) hunter $L^*$ 값과 가열감량에서 나타났다. 하지만 전단력은 차이가 없었다. 또한 BF와 TB의 육질은 도축전 절식유무에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. LD에서 전단력은 숙성 7일까지 감소하였고, BF와 TB는 14일까지 유의적으로(P < 0.05) 감소했다. 숙성기간중 LD와 BF, 그리고 LD와 TB의 상관관계를 보았을 때, LD의 전단력 6kg은 BF와 TB에서 각각 6과 3.5 kg을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면, 도축전 급여는 시각적인 육색은 개선하나, 가열감량을 증가시켜 맛은 감소시킬 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 LD의 숙성은 7일이 적절한 것으로 나타났고, TB와 같이 근본적으로 연한 고기는 숙성은 가열감량을 증가시키므로 숙성하지 않는 것이 바람직하다고 판단되었다. BF와 TB에서는 14일 숙성은 연도는 증가하나 다즙성은 감소할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between cattle breeds and deposit of adipose tissues in different positions and the gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM), which are associated with lipid metabolism and are valuable for understanding the physiology in fat depot and meat quality. Yanbian yellow cattle and Yan yellow cattle reared under the same conditions display different fat proportions in the carcass. To understand this difference, the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$, FASN, and ACADM in different adipose tissues and longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) in these two breeds were analyzed using the Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method (qRT-PCR). The result showed that $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue than in LD in both breeds. $PPAR{\gamma}$ expression was also higher in abdominal fat, in perirenal fat than in the subcutaneous fat (p<0.05) in Yanbian yellow cattle, and was significantly higher in subcutaneous fat in Yan yellow cattle than that in Yanbian yellow cattle. On the other hand, FASN mRNA expression levels in subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat in Yan yellow cattle were significantly higher than that in Yanbian yellow cattle. Interestingly, ACADM gene shows greater fold changes in LD than in adipose tissues in Yan yellow cattle. Furthermore, the expressions of these three genes in lung, colon, kidney, liver and heart of Yanbian yellow cattle and Yan yellow cattle were also investigated. The results showed that the highest expression levels of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and FASN genes were detected in the lung in both breeds. The expression of ACADM gene in kidney and liver were higher than that in other organs in Yanbian yellow cattle, the comparison was not statistically significant in Yan yellow cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1681-1689
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• 2011

The beneficial effects of tea catechins (TCs) are related not only to their antioxidant potential but also to the improvement of animal meat quality. In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary TC supplementation on plasma biochemical parameters, hormone responses, and glutathione redox status in goats. Forty Liuyang goats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 animals/group) that were assigned to four experimental diets with TC supplementation at 4 levels (0, 2,000, 3,000 or 4,000 mg TC/kg DM feed). After a 60-day feeding trial, all goats were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary TC treatment had no significant effect on blood biochemical parameters, however, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.01), plasma urea nitrogen (p<0.01), and glucose (p<0.001) decreased and total protein (p<0.01) and albumin (p<0.05) increased with the feeding time extension, and day 20 was the turning point for most of changes. Interactions were found in glutathione (p<0.001) and the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (p<0.05) in whole blood between treatment and feeding time. Oxidized glutathione in blood was reduced (p<0.05) by 2,000 mg TC/kg feed supplementation, and a similar result was observed in longissimus dorsi muscle. Though plasma glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and glutathione reductase (p<0.05) activities were affected by treatment and feeding time interactions, and glutathione S-transferases activity increased with feeding day extension, no changed values appeared in longissimus dorsi muscle. In conclusion, dietary TC supplementation affected the concentrations of some blood metabolites and accelerated GSH depletion in the blood of goats. In terms of less high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the highest insulin and IGF-I concentrations, the highest ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione in plasma, the dosage of 2,000 mg TC/kg feed might be desirable for growing goats to prevent glutathione depletion and keep normal physiological metabolism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1012-1020
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with thiazolidinedione (TZD) on growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs. In Experiment 1, 80 castrated finishing pigs (Large White${\times}$Landrace, BW = 54.34 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 5 replicates of 8 pigs each. The experimental pigs in the 2 groups were respectively fed with a diet with or without a TZD supplementation (15 mg/kg). In Experiment 2, 80 castrated finishing pigs (Large White${\times}$Landrace, BW = 71.46 kg) were divided into 2 treatments as designed in Experiment 1, moreover, carcass evaluations were performed. The results from Experiment 1 showed that TZD supplementation could significantly decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) during 0 to 28 d, without impairing the average daily gain (ADG) (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, the ADG was significantly increased by TZD supplementation during 14 to 28 d and 0 to 28 d (p<0.05) and the feed:gain ratio (F:G) was significantly decreased by TZD supplementation during 0 to 28 d (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, TZD group had significantly higher serum triglyceride (TG) concentration at 28h and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 14 d (p<0.05). Moreover, there was an apparent improvement in the marbling score (p<0.10) and intramuscular fat (IMF) content (p<0.10) of the longissimus dorsi muscle in pigs treated by TZD supplementation. Real-time RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that pigs of TZD group had higher mRNA abundance of $PPAR{\gamma}$ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) (p<0.05) and fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) (p<0.05) than pigs of control group. Taken together, these results suggested that dietary TZD supplementation could improve growth performance and increase the IMF content of finishing pigs through regulating the serum parameters and genes mRNA abundance involved in fat metabolism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the special expression pattern of lipid metabolism genes and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in Longissimus dorsi muscle of Laiwu pigs. Methods: Thirty-six pigs (Laiwu n = 18; Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire n = 18) were used for the measurement of the backfat thickness, marbling score, IMF content, and expression of lipid metabolism genes. Results: Significant correlations were found between IMF content and the mRNA expression of lipid metabolism genes. Of the 14 fat deposition genes measured, fatty acid synthase (FASN) showed the strongest correlation (r = 0.75, p = 0.001) with IMF content, and of the 6 fat removal genes, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B (CPT1B) exhibited the greatest negative correlation (r = -0.66, p = 0.003) with IMF content in Laiwu pig. Multiple regression analysis showed that CPT1B, FASN, solute carrier family 27 member 1 (SLC27A1), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) contributed 38% of the prediction value for IMF content in Laiwu pigs. Of these four variables, CPT1B had the greatest contribution to IMF content (14%) followed by FASN (11%), SLC27A1 (9%), and FABP3 (4%). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the combined effects of an upregulation in fat deposition genes and downregulation in fat removal genes promotes IMF deposition in Laiwu pigs.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2000

본 연구는 황토광물 중 대표적인 광물인 illite를 첨가한 사료의 급여가 돈육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 illite 첨가사료를 급여한 돼지(시험구)와 일반사료를 급여한 돼지(대조구)를 도축하고, 24시간 냉각 후 등식육을 시료로 취하여 4℃ 냉장실에서 7일간 저장하면서 이화학적 특성 및 관능평가를 실시하여 최종육질을 조사하였다. 최종 pH는 대조구가 pH 5.58이었고 시험구가 pH 5.60로 나타나 모두 정상범위의 pH를 보였으며, 두 처리구 사이에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 압착법에 의하여 측정된 보수력은 시험구가 대조구보다 다소 높게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 가열감량은 시험구가 대조구보다 다소 낮게 나타났다(p〈0.05). 도축 24시간 후와 7일간 저장 후 측정된 전단력은 대조구와 시험구 사이에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으며, 육색측정 결과 L*-값과 a*-값은 시험구와 대조구 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, b*-값은 시험구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p〈0.05). 4℃에서 저장하는 동안 발생한 드립감량은 3일까지는 시험구가 대조구에 비하여 감량이 적은 것으로 나타났으나, 그 이후에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. NPPC 육질평가 기준표에 의하여 평가한 육색은 대조구와 시험구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. (p〈0.05). 조기가열육의 풍미, 맛, 연도는 대조구와 시험구사이에 큰 칭가 없었으나, 다즙성은 시험구가 대조구에 비하여 다소 우수한 것으로 나타났다.(p〈0.05).