• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.351-374
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• 2005

본 연구는 한국노동패널조사, 1998-2003 자료를 이용하여 빈곤지속기간과 이에 관련된 요인을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 발견에 따르면 우리나라에서는 빈곤에 진입한 사람들의 4분의 3 정도가 2년 안에 빈곤을 탈피하는 정도로 매우 활발한 빈곤탈출양상이 나타난다. 그러나 한 시점에서의 빈곤층을 볼 경우에는 장기빈곤층이 무시할 수 없는 비중을 차지한다. 5년 이상의 장기 빈곤층이 전체 빈곤층의 50%를 차지하며 10년 이상의 최장기 빈곤층도 25%를 넘어선다. 반복빈곤을 분석에 포함하는 경우 장기빈곤층의 비중은 더욱 증가한다. 장기빈곤층의 대표적 집단은 노인가구이다. 장기빈곤의 경향이 강한 다음 집단은 비노인 여성가구주 가구이다. 90년대 후반 경제위기 이래로 근로빈곤층의 증가가 커다란 사회적 관심의 대상이 되었지만 이들의 주력을 차지하는 비노인 남성가구주 가구의 대다수는 일시적으로 빈곤을 경험하는 단기빈곤층인 것으로 보인다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of long-term and short-term embryo culture to assess whether there is a correlation between culture duration and clinical outcomes. Methods: Embryos were divided into two study groups depending on whether their post-warming culture period was long-term (20-24 hours) or short-term (2-4 hours). Embryo morphology was analyzed with a time-lapse monitoring device to estimate the appropriate timing and parameters for evaluating embryos with high implantation potency in both groups. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust the confounding factors across groups. The grades of embryos and blastocoels, morphokinetic parameters, implantation rate, and ongoing pregnancy rate were compared. Results: No significant differences were observed in the implantation rate or ongoing pregnancy rate between the two groups (long-term culture group vs. short-term culture group: 56.3% vs. 67.9%, p=0.182; 47.3% vs. 53.6%, p=0.513). After warming, there were more expanded and hatching/hatched blastocysts in the long-term culture group than in the short-term culture group, but there was no significant between-group difference in embryo grade. Regarding pregnancy outcomes, the time to complete blastocyst re-expansion after warming is shorter in women who became pregnant than in those who did not in both culture groups (long-term: 2.19±0.63 vs. 4.11±0.81 hours, p=0.003; short-term: 1.17±0.29 vs. 1.94±0.76 hours, p=0.018, respectively). Conclusion: The outcomes of short-term culture and long-term culture were not significantly different in vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer. Regardless of the post-warming culture time, the degree of blastocyst re-expansion 3-4 hours after warming is an important marker for embryo selection.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

Objectives : There is a paucity of data on the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and chronological relationship between OC symptoms and their related symptoms such as anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal course of OC symptoms as well as anxiety and depression which are believed to be associated with OC symptoms. Methods : Data for 155 patients with OCD who completed general evaluation for OCD were used. Forty four were excluded to minimize the effect of the different age of onset on the clinical course. One hundred eleven patients finally participated in the analysis. Cross-sectional correlations between each symptom as well as between such symptoms and the duration of illness were analyzed. Further correlation analysis was done within two groups that were divided by 7 years of the duration of illness. Results : There were significant correlations not only between the severity of OC symptoms and anxiety but also between anxiety and depressive symptom, regardless of the duration of illness. These correlations between such symptoms were also found within patients with the duration of illness below 7 years, whereas these were not within the group with the duration of illness above 8 years. Conclusion : Patients with OCD in this study shows the moderate to severe level of OC symptoms irrespective of the duration of illness. Our finding also suggests that the OC symptoms, especially obsessions are closely related to anxiety and depressive symptoms and these relationships might be pronounced in relatively early phase of the OCD after onset.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2015

The initial syllables of a pair of Sino-Korean words are generally differentiated in their meaning by either short or long durations. They are realized differently by the dialect and generation of speakers. Recent research has reported that the temporal distinction has gradually faded away. The aim of this study is to examine whether college students with Kyungsang dialect made the distinction temporally using a statistical method of Mixed Effects Model. Thirty students participated in the recording of five pairs of Korean words in clear or casual speaking styles. Then, the author measured the durations of the initial syllables of the words and made a descriptive analysis of the data followed by applying Mixed Effects Models to the data by setting gender, length, and style as fixed effects, and subject and syllable as random effects, and tested their effects on the initial syllable durations. Results showed that college students with Kyungsang dialect did not produce the long and short syllables distinctively with any statistically significant difference between them. Secondly, there was a significant difference in the duration of the initial syllables between male and female students. Thirdly, there was also a significant difference in the duration of the initial syllables produced in the clear or casual styles. The author concluded that college students with Kyungsang dialect do not produce long and short Sino-Korean syllables distinctively, and any statistical analysis on the temporal aspect should be carefully made considering both fixed and random effects. Further studies would be desirable to examine production and perception of the initial syllables by speakers with various dialect, generation, and age groups.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, and the incidence of TB cases has not significantly decreased over the past decade in Korea. The standard short course regimen is highly effective against TB, but requires multiple TB-specific drugs and a long treatment duration. Recent studies using late-generation fluoroquinolones and/or high-dose rifapentine-containing regimens to shorten the duration of TB treatment showed negative results. Extending the treatment duration may be considered in patients with cavitation on the initial chest radiograph and positivity in sputum culture at 2 months of treatment for preventing TB relapse. Current evidence does not support the use of fixed-dose combinations compared to separate drugs for the purpose of improving treatment outcomes. All patients receiving TB treatment should be monitored regularly for response to therapy, facilitation of treatment completion, and management of adverse drug reactions. Mild adverse effects can be managed with symptomatic therapy and changing the timing of the drug administration, but severe adverse effects require a discontinuation of the offending drugs.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.1290-1294
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• 2004

In this study, new stochastic point rainfall models which can consider the correlation structure between rainfall intensity and duration are developed. In order to consider the negative and positive correlation simultaneously, the Gumbels type-II bivariate distribution is applied, and for the cluster structure of rainfall events, the Neyman-Scott cluster point process is selected. In the theoretical point of view, it is shown that the models considering the dependent structure between rainfall intensity and duration have slightly heavier tail autocorrelation functions than the corresponding independent mode]s. Results from generating long time rainfall events show that the dependent models better reproduce historical rainfall time series than the corresponding independent models in the sense of autocorrelation structures, zero rainfall probabilities and extreme rainfall events.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7509-7515
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• 2013

To assess the risk of cancers associated with sleep duration using meta-analysis of published cohort studies, we performed a comprehensive search using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science through October 2013. We combined hazard ratios (HRs) from individual studies using meta-analysis approaches. A random effect dose-response analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and cancer risk. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Publication bias was evaluated using Funnel plots and Begg's test. A total of 13 cohorts from 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis, which included 723, 337 participants with 15, 156 reported cancer outcomes during a follow-up period ranging from 7.5 to 22 years. The pooled adjusted HRs were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.23; P for heterogeneity =0.003) for short sleep duration, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.07; P for heterogeneity <0.0001) for long sleep duration. In subgroup analyses stratified by cancer type, long duration of sleep showed an inverse relation with hormone-related cancer (HR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.97; P for heterogeneity =0.009) and a greater risk of colorectal cancer (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.52; P for heterogeneity =0.346). Further meta-analysis on dose-response relationships showed that the relative risks of cancer were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.01; P for linear trend=0.9151) for one hour of sleep increment per day, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.01; P for linear trend=0.7749) for one hour of sleep increment per night. No significant dose-response relationship between sleep duration and cancer was found on non-linearity testing (P=0.5053). Our meta-analysis suggests a positive association between long sleep duration and colorectal cancer, and an inverse association with incidence of hormone related cancers like those in the breast. Studies with larger sample size, longer follow-up times, more cancer types and detailed measure of sleep duration are warranted to confirm these results.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine satisfaction with counseling in long-term care service, and to compare the scores of counseling satisfaction according to variables among beneficiaries of Korean long-term care services. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 445 beneficiaries of long-term care insurance to measure satisfaction with counseling. Research design was cross-sectional descriptive design. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA for evaluating differences in satisfaction with counseling according to variables including economic status, the level of long-term care insurance approval, duration of long term care service, and conditions of counseling. Results: The score of satisfaction with counseling was somewhat high as 71.67. The score of counselor's attitude was highest among the subcategories of satisfaction. The factors that influenced satisfaction with counseling were frequency and time of counseling (F=12.19, p<.001). Conclusion: Home-based individual counseling is necessary for the elderly who need long-term care service. The National Long-term Care Insurance Corporation should offer counseling and assistance to elders and their caregivers about long term care insurance.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2021

Background: This study was conducted to identify the association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation among farmers in Korea. Methods: We used Safety for Agricultural Injuries of Farmers cohort data collected from September 2015 to June 2018, which was an agricultural survey on the health and behaviors of adult farmers in Jeju island, Korea. Results: A total of 964 participants were included in the analysis, and 3.7% of them were identified with having suicidal ideation. The frequencies of average daily sleep duration of <6 h (short sleep), 6-8 h (normal sleep), and >8 h (long sleep) were 24.4%, 70%, and 5.6%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that short sleep duration was significantly associated with suicidal ideation compared with normal sleep duration (odds ratio = 2.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.07-5.77). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that short sleep duration in farmers result in higher suicidal ideation. Because individuals who have suicidal ideation often commit suicide, careful monitoring is required to prevent suicide in farmers with short sleep duration.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

Objectives Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder. The duration of untreated illness (DUI) has been suggested as one of the predictors of clinical course and outcome in various psychiatric disorders. There is increasing evidence that cognitive dysfunction is associated with the prognosis of OCD. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of DUI on the neurocognitive functions in patients with OCD. Methods Sixty-two patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD from the outpatient clinic were included in this study. We defined the short DUI if the DUI was 2-year or less and the long DUI if it was longer than 2-year. Neurocognitive functions were assessed by visuospatial memory function test and 4 subsets of K-WAIS such as vocabulary, arithmetic, block design and picture arrangement. Differences in neurocognitive functions as well as clinical variables between OCD patients with short DUI and those with long DUI were investigated. Correlation analyses were also performed to determine the correlation between DUI and neurocognitive functions. Results Compared with the short DUI group, the long DUI group performed worse in the block design test, which measures executive function. The long DUI group also had a higher level of compulsive symptom severity than the short DUI group. However, the DUI was not correlated with neurocognitive functions. Conclusions Findings in this preliminary study suggest that the long DUI in patients with OCD is associated with more severe executive dysfunction. Studies with larger samples and longitudinal design are needed to further confirm the prognostic role of the DUI in OCD.