Safety and Health at Work

Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (산업안전보건연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Suicidal Ideation Among Farmers: Safety for Agricultural Injuries of Farmers Cohort Study of Jeju, Korea

  • Oh, Jung-Hwan (Department of Neurology, Jeju National University College of Medicin and Graduate School of Medicine) ;
  • Yoo, Jeong Rae (Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine) ;
  • Ko, Seo Young (Department of Emergency Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital) ;
  • Kang, Jeong Ho (Department of Emergency Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Sung Kgun (Department of Emergency Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine) ;
  • Jeong, Wooseong (Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital) ;
  • Seong, Gil Myeong (Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Hyun Jung (Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jeju National University Hospital) ;
  • Song, Sung Wook (Department of Emergency Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2020.06.04
  • Accepted : 2020.10.08
  • Published : 2021.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to identify the association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation among farmers in Korea. Methods: We used Safety for Agricultural Injuries of Farmers cohort data collected from September 2015 to June 2018, which was an agricultural survey on the health and behaviors of adult farmers in Jeju island, Korea. Results: A total of 964 participants were included in the analysis, and 3.7% of them were identified with having suicidal ideation. The frequencies of average daily sleep duration of <6 h (short sleep), 6-8 h (normal sleep), and >8 h (long sleep) were 24.4%, 70%, and 5.6%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that short sleep duration was significantly associated with suicidal ideation compared with normal sleep duration (odds ratio = 2.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.07-5.77). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that short sleep duration in farmers result in higher suicidal ideation. Because individuals who have suicidal ideation often commit suicide, careful monitoring is required to prevent suicide in farmers with short sleep duration.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors greatly appreciate the members of the Center for Farmer Safety & Health, Jeju National University Hospital.

References

  1. The World Bank. Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) [Internet]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS.
  2. Statistics Korea. Census of agriculture and fisheries in 2019 [Internet]. Available from: http://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsListIndex.do?menuId=M_01_01&vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&parmTabId=M_01_01#SelectStatsBoxDiv.
  3. World Health Organization. National suicide prevention strategies: progress, examples and indicators. Geneva: WHO; 2018.
  4. Korea Suicide Prevention Center. International suicide statistics [internet]. Available from: http://spckorea-stat.or.kr/international01.do.
  5. Browning SR, Westneat SC, McKnight RH. Suicides among farmers in three southeastern states, 1990-1998. J Agric Saf Health 2008;14:461-72. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.25282
  6. Dongre AR, Deshmukh PR. Farmers' suicides in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India: a qualitative exploration of their causes. J Inj Violence Res 2012;4:2-6. https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v4i1.68
  7. Judd F, Jackson H, Fraser C, Murray G, Robins G, Komiti A. Understanding suicide in Australian farmers. Soc Psychiatr Psychiatr Epidemiol 2006;41:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0007-1
  8. McIntosh WL, Spies E, Stone DM, Lokey CN, Trudeau AR, Bartholow B. Suicide rates by Occupational Group e 17 States, 2012. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2016;65:641-5. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6525a1
  9. Peterson C, Stone DM, Marsh SM, Schumacher PK, Tiesman HM, McIntosh WL, et al. Suicide rates by major Occupational Group e 17 States, 2012 and 2015. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2018;67:1253-60. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6745a1
  10. Lee WJ, Cha ES, Moon EK. Disease prevalence and mortality among agricultural workers in Korea. J Kor Med Sci 2010;25:S112-8. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2010.25.S.S112
  11. Lee YJ, Kim KM, Kim H. Analysis of differences and changes in suicide rate between regions. J KoCona 2020;20:530-8.
  12. Han B, Kott PS, Hughes A, McKeon R, Blanco C, Compton WM. Estimating the rates of deaths by suicide among adults who attempt suicide in the United States. J Psychiatr Res 2016;77:125-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.03.002
  13. Fraser CE, Smith KB, Judd F, Humphreys JS, Fragar LJ, Henderson A. Farming and mental health problems and mental illness. Int J Soc Psychiatr 2005;51: 340-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764005060844
  14. Liu BP, Qin P, Liu YY, Yuan L, Gu LX, Jia CX. Mental disorders and suicide attempt in rural China. Psychiatr Res 2018;261:190-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.087
  15. Kim JH, Park EC, Cho WH, Park CY, Choi WJ, Chang HS. Association between total sleep duration and suicidal ideation among the Korean general adult population. Sleep 2013;36:1563-72. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3058
  16. An KO, Jang JY, Kim J. Sedentary behavior and sleep duration are associated with both stress symptoms and suicidal thoughts in Korean adults. Tohoku J Exp Med 2015;237:279-86. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.237.279
  17. Chin YR, Lee HY, So ES. Suicidal ideation and associated factors by sex in Korean adults: a population-based cross-sectional survey. Int J Public Health 2011;56:429-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-011-0245-9
  18. Chiu HY, Lee HC, Chen PY, Lai YF, Tu YK. Associations between sleep duration and suicidality in adolescents: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2018;42:119-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2018.07.003
  19. Gangwisch JE, Babiss LA, Malaspina D, Turner JB, Zammit GK, Posner K. Earlier parental set bedtimes as a protective factor against depression and suicidal ideation. Sleep 2010;33:97-106. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/33.1.97
  20. Goodwin RD, Marusic A. Association between short sleep and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adults in the general population. Sleep 2008;31: 1097-101.
  21. Lee MS, Shin JS, Lee J, Lee YJ, Kim MR, Park KB, et al. The association between mental health, chronic disease and sleep duration in Koreans: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2542-3
  22. Sarchiapone M, Mandelli L, Carli V, Iosue M, Wasserman C, Hadlaczky G, et al. Hours of sleep in adolescents and its association with anxiety, emotional concerns, and suicidal ideation. Sleep Med 2014;15:248-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.780
  23. Census of Agriculture. Forestry and fisheries in 2014. Statistics Korea; 2015.
  24. Lee BO, Lee CH, Lee PG, Choi MJ, Namkoong K. Development of Korean version of alcohol use disorders identification test(AUDIT-K):Its reliability and validity. J Korean Acad Addict Psychiatry 2000;4:83-92.
  25. Cherry KE, Walker EJ, Brown JS, Volaufova J, LaMotte LR, Welsh DA, et al. Social engagement and health in younger, older, and oldest-old adults in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study. J Appl Gerontol 2013;32:51-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464811409034
  26. Ferraro FR, Chelminski I. Preliminary normative data on the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF) in a young adult sample. J Clin Psychol 1996;52:443-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199607)52:4<443::AID-JCLP9>3.0.CO;2-Q
  27. Guerin JM, Copersino ML, Schretlen DJ. Clinical utility of the 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) for use with young and middle-aged adults. J Affect Disord 2018;241:59-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.038
  28. Bae JN, Cho MJ. Development of the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale and its short form among elderly psychiatric patients. J Psychosomat Res 2004;57:297-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.01.004
  29. Crosby AE, Sacks JJ. Exposure to suicide: incidence and association with suicidal ideation and behavior: United States, 1994. Suicide Life-Threatening Behav 2002;32:321-8. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.32.3.321.22170
  30. De Leo D, Cerin E, Spathonis K, Burgis S. Lifetime risk of suicide ideation and attempts in an Australian community: prevalence, suicidal process, and help-seeking behaviour. J Affect Disord 2005;86:215-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2005.02.001
  31. Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, Beautrais A, et al. Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. Br J Psychiatr 2008;192:98-105. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040113
  32. Park JY, Han JW, Jeong H, Jeong HG, Kim TH, Yoon IY, et al. Suicidal behaviors in elderly Koreans: one-month-point prevalence and factors related to suicidality. J Affect Disord 2013;150:77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.025
  33. Merchant JA, Stromquist AM, Kelly KM, Zwerling C, Reynolds SJ, Burmeister LF. Chronic disease and injury in an agricultural county: the Keokuk county rural health cohort study. J Rural Health 2002;18:521-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2002.tb00919.x
  34. Joo Y, Roh S. Risk factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation in a rural population. Environ Health Toxicol 2016;31 e2016018. https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2016018
  35. Kim J, Shin DH, Lee WJ. Suicidal ideation and occupational pesticide exposure among male farmers. Environ Res 2014;128:52-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.10.007
  36. Elmenhorst D, Kroll T, Matusch A, Bauer A. Sleep deprivation increases cerebral serotonin 2A receptor binding in humans. Sleep 2012;35:1615-23. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.2230
  37. Zeitzer JM, Maidment NT, Behnke EJ, Ackerson LC, Fried I, Engel Jr J, et al. Ultradian sleep-cycle variation of serotonin in the human lateral ventricle. Neurology 2002;59:1272-4. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.59.8.1272
  38. Alfaro-Rodriguez A, Gonzalez-Pina R, Gonzalez-Maciel A, Arch-Tirado E. Serotonin and 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid contents in dorsal raphe and suprachiasmatic nuclei in normal, malnourished and rehabilitated rats under 24 h of sleep deprivation. Brain Res 2006;1110:95-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.069
  39. Penalva RG, Lancel M, Flachskamm C, Reul JM, Holsboer F, Linthorst AC. Effect of sleep and sleep deprivation on serotonergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus: a combined in vivo microdialysis/EEG study in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2003;17:1896-906. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02612.x
  40. Novati A, Roman V, Cetin T, Hagewoud R, den Boer JA, Luiten PG, et al. Chronically restricted sleep leads to depression-like changes in neurotransmitter receptor sensitivity and neuroendocrine stress reactivity in rats. Sleep 2008;31:1579-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/31.11.1579
  41. Roman V, Walstra I, Luiten PG, Meerlo P. Too little sleep gradually desensitizes the serotonin 1A receptor system. Sleep 2005;28:1505-10.
  42. Leyton M, Paquette V, Gravel P, Rosa-Neto P, Weston F, Diksic M, et al. alpha-[11C]Methyl-L-tryptophan trapping in the orbital and ventral medial prefrontal cortex of suicide attempters. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2006;16: 220-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.09.006
  43. Underwood MD, Kassir SA, Bakalian MJ, Galfalvy H, Mann JJ, Arango V. Neuron density and serotonin receptor binding in prefrontal cortex in suicide. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012;15:435-47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145711000691
  44. Slotkin TA, Tate CA, Ryde IT, Levin ED, Seidler FJ. Organophosphate insecticides target the serotonergic system in developing rat brain regions: disparate effects of diazinon and parathion at doses spanning the threshold for cholinesterase inhibition. Environ Health Perspect 2006;114:1542-6. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9337
  45. Stallones L. Suicide and potential occupational exposure to pesticides, Colorado 1990-1999. J Agromed 2006;11:107-12. https://doi.org/10.1300/J096v11n03_11
  46. Zhang J, Stewart R, Phillips M, Shi Q, Prince M. Pesticide exposure and suicidal ideation in rural communities in Zhejiang province, China. Bull World Health Organ 2009;87:745-53. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.08.054122
  47. Yohn CN, Gergues MM, Samuels BA. The role of 5-HT receptors in depression. Mol Brain 2017;10:28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-017-0306-y
  48. Sanne B, Mykletun A, Moen BE, Dahl AA, Tell GS. Farmers are at risk for anxiety and depression: the Hordaland Health Study. Occup Med 2004;54: 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqh007
  49. Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clin Gerontol 1986;5:165-73. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09
  50. Miner B, Kryger MH. Sleep in the aging population. Sleep Med Clin 2020;15: 311-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.02.016
  51. Littlewood D, Kyle SD, Pratt D, Peters S, Gooding P. Examining the role of psychological factors in the relationship between sleep problems and suicide. Clin Psychol Rev 2017;54:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.009
  52. Littlewood DL, Kyle SD, Carter LA, Peters S, Pratt D, Gooding P. Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality predict next-day suicidal ideation: an ecological momentary assessment study. Psychol Med 2019;49:403-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718001009
  53. Malik S, Kanwar A, Sim LA, Prokop LJ, Wang Z, Benkhadra K, et al. The association between sleep disturbances and suicidal behaviors in patients with psychiatric diagnoses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2014;3:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-3-18
  54. Pigeon WR, Pinquart M, Conner K. Meta-analysis of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. J Clin Psychiatr 2012;73:e1160-7. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.11r07586
  55. Daghagh Yazd S, Wheeler SA, Zuo A. Key risk factors affecting farmers' mental health: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;16.