• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2003

Objective : To assess and compare the clinical outcomes between GnRH agonist long protocol and GnRH antagonist short protocol in oocyte donation program. Materials and Methods: Of total 18 oocyte donation cycles, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) were performed with GnRH agonist long protocol and GnRH antagonist short protocol in initial 9 cycles and later 9 cycles, respectively. Oral estradiol valerate and progesterone in oil we re administrated to all recipients for endometrial preparation. Oral estradiol administration was started from donor cycle day 1 after full shut down of gonadal axis with GnRH agonist in patients with ovarian function. Progesterone was injected from oocyte retrieval day of donor initially, then continuously till pregnancy 12 weeks if pregnancy was ongoing. We compared the parameters of clinical outcomes, such as number of the retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high grade embryo production rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, COH duration, total gonadotropin dose for COH between GnRH agonist long protocol group and GnRH antagonist group. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The number of retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high grade embryo production rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, ongoing pregnancy rate were $14.89{\pm}7.83$, 81%, 64%, 78%, 31%, 78%, respectively in GnRHa long protocol group and $11.22{\pm}8.50$, 79%, 64%, 67%, 34%, 56%, respectively in GnRH antagonist group. There was no significant differences in parameters of clinical outcomes between 2 groups (all p value >0.05). Duration and total gonadotropin dose for COH were $10.94{\pm}1.70$ days and $43.78{\pm}6.8$ vials in 18 cycles, $12.00{\pm}1.73$ days and $48.00{\pm}6.93$ vials in agonist group, $9.88{\pm}0.78$ days and $39.55{\pm}3.13$ vials in antagonist group, respectively. In GnRH agonist long protocol group, significantly longer duration and higher gonadotropin dose for COH were needed (p=0.012). Conclusion: In oocyte donation program, clinical outcomes from controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with GnRH antagonist were comparable to those from GnRH agonist long protocol group, so controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with GnRH antagonist may be effective as GnRH agonist long protocol. At least there may not be harmful effects of GnRH antagonist on oocyte development and quality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2016

The paper presents a method to assess system voltage sag performance considering sag durations as well as magnitudes. In general, voltage sag assessment for large power systems is performed only considering sag magnitudes at sensitive load points. However some equipment can be affected by certain sag durations. The duration of the voltage sag is depend on the time of fault current flow in the system. Therefore, the duration can be determined by analyzing the operating characteristic of the protection system. In this paper, an effective method to evaluate sag durations regarding the characteristics and failure rates of the protection system is described. The proposed method can be used to assess the long-term performance of the voltage sags in large power system.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.230-233
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• 2007

In the literature on the tense consonants in Korean, it has been proposed that this consonant is underlyingly represented by a single consonant (the singleton hypothesis) and that it is represented by a sequence of two lenis consonants (the geminate hypothesis). One piece of the empirical evidence supporting the geminate hypothesis is that the closure duration of tense consonants in intervocalic position is more than twice as long in comparison with their lenis counterparts. In this paper, we report on the closure duration of three types of plosives in various phonotactically permitted contexts in Korean. The results of the measurement show that the duration of the tense consonants in post-sonorant contexts is reduced by a third in comparison with that of the intervocalic ones. These temporal differences suggest that the measurement of closure durations in intervocalic position alone is not sufficient to sustain the geminate hypothesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.35-40
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• 2000

The influence of cyclic loading history on the creep behavior of the 30 vol% hot-pressed $SiC_f/Si_3N_4copmposite was experimentally investigated at $1200^{\circ}C$. The duration of loading/unloading had great effects on the creep behaviors. The short term duration cyclic loading history test results showed significant reduction in the primary and steady-state creep rates. For example, 300sec loading/300sec unloading history resulted in 70% lower steady-state creep rate than that of the continuous loading. However the long term duration cyclic loading history test results showed little change in creep rates compared to those of the continuous one. The reason for the significant change in the short term duration cycles was estimated due to the change in the stress redistribution between the fiber and matrix during the creep recovery in the primary stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2008.06c
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• pp.517-521
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• 2008

HMM의 약점인 상태 지속 분포를 개선하는 새로운 개념의 확률적 전역+지역 시간 지속 분포 segment 모델(GL-STDM)을 제안한다. 즉, 시계열 신호의 전역적 시간 정보를 표현하고, 각 상태 별 duration 모델과 각 상태의 duration 정보 사이의 상관관계를 표현하는 global pattern (shape 또는 long-term dependency)을 제안한다. 그러나 제안 모델은, Markov 가정을 깨뜨리기 때문에 dynamic programming이 자랑하는 단순함, 효율성을 유지하지는 못한다. 하지만 최근 부각되는 방법인 Monte Carlo 표본 기법을 이용하여 효과적으로 문제를 해결하는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서는 제안 모델 GL-STDM의 개념과 정의, 그리고 추론 방법과 모델 평가 방법을 기술하였다.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.7_spc
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• pp.495-502
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• 2016

In this paper, time and frequency domain characteristics of Gyeong-ju earthquakes were investigated, and nonlinear time history analyses were conducted for bi-linear hysteretic structures excited by short-duration ground accelerations. Previous studies showed that larger inelastic displacements than the peak displacement of the corresponding elastic system were observed especially for the structures with structural period shorter than 0.3s, and the similar results could be obtained when long-duration ground accelerations were used as excitation loads. For the short-duration earthquakes, however, the inelastic displacements were not so large and almost identical to the peak elastic displacements.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.435-441
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• 2019

The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) has been an object of intense interest for pharmacological development on account of its critical role in nociception. In the course of structure activity analysis, it has become apparent that TRPV1 ligands may vary dramatically in the rates at which they interact with TRPV1, presumably reflecting differences in their abilities to penetrate into the cell. Using a fast penetrating agonist together with an excess of a slower penetrating antagonist, we find that we can induce an agonist response of limited duration and, moreover, the duration of the agonist response remains largely independent of the absolute dose of agonist, as long as the ratio of antagonist to agonist is held constant. This general approach for limiting agonist duration under conditions in which absolute agonist dose is variable should have more general applicability.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 2005

The effects of the impulse and the magnitude of the impulsive loads to the responses of the structure are analyzed with the safety criteria established with the peak load and impulse ratio. It is shown for the loadings with short duration that the impulse is dominant factor for the damage of the structures due to the inertial effect. On the other hand the magnitude of the load is dominant factor for the load with long duration due to the duration time long enough for the loads to overcome the inertia force. It is also shown that the peak particle velocity and the peak particle acceleration of the foundation have the same influences as the impulse and the magnitude of the loads do to the structures.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of brushing on overgrowth inhibition, growth, yield and starch content in spring-grown potato in the netted house. The plant growth of aerial parts was inhibited with growth stage and brushing duration. Especially, The number of lateral branches decreased greatly with brushing duration. The stem length and stem diameter were not different significantly between brushing and non-brushing on May 6. But the stem length was long in later growth stage but short in longer brushing duration. Chlorophyll content by SPAD increased with growth stage regardless of non-brushing duration and ranged from 30 to 36 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The fresh and dry weight of aerial part and tuber were heavy in longer brushing duration. Starch content was higher in brushing treatment as compared to non-brushing and increased with brushing duration.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.59-70
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to construct the ACD model for the block trading volume duration. The ACD model based on the block trading volume duration is referred to as Volume ACD (VACD) in this study. By integrating with GARCH-type models, the VACD based GARCH type models, which include VACD-GARCH, VACD-IGARCH and VACD-FIGARCH models, are set up. This study selects Chunghwa Telecom (CHT) Inc., offering the America Depository Receipt (ADR) in NYSE, to investigate the block trading volume duration in Taiwanese equity market. The empirical results indicate that the long memory in volume duration series increases dependence at level of volatility clustering by VACD (2,1)-FIGARCH (3,d,1) model. Moreover, the VACD (2,1)-IGARCH (1,1) exhibits relatively better performance of prediction on capturing block trading volume duration. This volatility model is more appropriate in this study to portray the change of the CHT Inc. prices and provides more information about the volatility process for investment strategy, which can be a reference indicator of financial asset pricing, hedging strategy and risk management.