• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.35-39
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• 2010

The research classifies three types of asymptotic tail distributions such as long(heavy, thick) tailed distribution, medium tailed distribution and short(light, thin) tailed distribution. The extreme value distributions(EVD) classified in this paper can be used in SPC(Statistical Process Control) control chart and reliability engineering.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

Larvae of the long-tailed clawed salamander, Onychodactylus fischeri, have a relatively long larval period, spending a year or more within the stream where they hatch; therefore, a well-established larval population could be critical for the conservation of adult populations. To study the population dynamics of long-tailed clawed salamander larvae, we surveyed a field population once or twice a month from September, 2005 to June, 2006, and determined the age of larval clawed salamanders collected from three different populations in October, 2004 using skeletochronology. The age of long-tailed clawed salamander larvae ranged from 0 to 3 years. New recruitment of larvae in the population primarily occurred in November, 2005, and mid-March, 2006. Larvae with a snout-vent length of more than 30 mm disappeared from the streams in September, 2005, suggesting that two to three year-old clawed salamander larvae metamorphosed during this period.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.585-587
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• 2023

Long-tailed datasets have an imbalanced distribution because they consist of a different number of data samples for each class. However, there are problems of the performance degradation in tail-classes and class-accuracy imbalance for all classes. To address these problems, this paper suggests a learning method for training of long-tailed dataset. The proposed method uses and combines two methods; one is a resampling method to generate a uniform mini-batch to prevent the performance degradation in tail-classes, and the other is a reweighting method to address the accuracy imbalance problem. The purpose of our proposed method is to train the learning models to have uniform accuracy for each class in a long-tailed dataset.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.195-202
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• 2011

The study interprets each of three classification models based on Bath-Tub Failure Rate (BTFR), Extreme Value Distribution (EVD) and Conjugate Bayesian Distribution (CBD). The classification model based on BTFR is analyzed by three failure patterns of decreasing, constant, or increasing which utilize systematic management strategies for reliability of time. Distribution model based on BTFR is identified using individual factors for each of three corresponding cases. First, in case of using shape parameter, the distribution based on BTFR is analyzed with a factor of component or part number. In case of using scale parameter, the distribution model based on BTFR is analyzed with a factor of time precision. Meanwhile, in case of using location parameter, the distribution model based on BTFR is analyzed with a factor of guarantee time. The classification model based on EVD is assorted into long-tailed distribution, medium-tailed distribution, and short-tailed distribution by the length of right-tail in distribution, and depended on asymptotic reliability property which signifies skewness and kurtosis of distribution curve. Furthermore, the classification model based on CBD is relied upon conjugate distribution relations between prior function, likelihood function and posterior function for dimension reduction and easy tractability under the occasion of Bayesian posterior updating.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2021

We intended to describe a case of cerebral coenurosis in a long-tailed goral, Naemorhedus caudatus, from Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-do (Province), in the Korea. The goral, a 10-year-old male, was suffering from neurological symptoms, such as turning the circle to one side without lifting the head straight, and died at 30 days after admission to the wildlife medical rescue center in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do. A fluid-filled cyst was detected in the left cerebral hemisphere by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The cyst removed from the deceased goral was transparent, about 3×3 cm in size, contained a clear fluid and approximately 320 protoscolices invaginating from the internal germinal layer. The protoscolex had 4 suckers and a rostellum with 28 hooklets arranged in 2 rows. By the present study, a case of cerebral coenurosis was first confirmed in a long-tailed goral, N. caudatus, from Gangwon-do, in Korea. The residents frequently exposed in the sylvatic environment should be careful the accidental infections of zoonotic metacestode of Taenia multiceps, Coenurus cerebralis, in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.423-427
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• 2022

The long-tailed goral, Naemorhedus caudatus (Mammalia: Bovidae), is one of the endangered animals in the Republic of Korea (Korea). Sarcoptic mange mites infested in diverse species of mammals, including humans, but no case has been reported in long-tailed gorals. We report 2 cases of mange mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, infestation in longtailed gorals. Mange mites were sampled in the skin legions of the 2 long-tailed gorals, which were rescued in 2 different regions, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea. Our results showed that the ectoparasite was the itch mite that burrowed into skin and caused scabies on the morphological inspection and placed within the phylogenetic relations of the species. The present study confirmed for the first time in Korea that mange mites are pathogenic scabies of long-tailed goral. Closer surveillance of this pathogenic ectoparasite in zoonotic and infectious ecosystems is warranted.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2023

Although various imaging evaluation methods have been developed and utilized, thoracic radiography remains essential and is the top priority for diagnosing and managing cardiac diseases. Thoracic radiographic measurements associated with the vertebral heart scale (VHS) and caudal vena cava (CVC) can objectively diagnose cardiac disease in many animals. In particular, VHS measurement is primarily used to evaluate the dimensions of the heart size on thoracic radiographs and can measure cardiomegaly more objectively. Additionally, the value of the CVC compared with the aorta (Ao) and the length of vertebrae (VL) can be used as valuable parameters in right congestive heart failure. To describe the CVC/Ao and CVC/VL ratios in 10 long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) without subjective radiographic evidence of cardiac diseases. The VHS, CVC, Ao, and VL of gorals were measured in the right lateral (RL) view of the thoracic radiographs. In the RL view of 10 gorals, the VHS was 9.31 ± 0.55 vertebrae (v), the CVC/Ao ratio was 0.84 ± 0.13, and the CVC/VL ratio was 0.67 ± 0.09. Additionally, the thoracic morphology of gorals was determined to be intermediate (thoracic depth-to-width ratio, 1.04 ± 0.09, 0.75-1.25). This study confirmed that VHS was significantly correlated with CVC and Ao, and measuring and comparing each value would help diagnose cardiac diseases in gorals. The radiographic measurements in this study will allow veterinarians to diagnose several cardiac diseases in gorals.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 2023

A 6-year-old female long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus, goral) was admitted to the Gangwon wildlife medical rescue center due to severe starvation and hypothermia. The goral displayed clinical signs of severe weight loss, dehydration, lethargy, regurgitation, hypothermia, and bloating, with blood tests showing a decrease in albumin, calcium, glucose, and sodium. Supportive care was given through heating, oxygen supply, and fluid therapy, but the goral's condition worsened, and the goral died three days after admission. Radiographic and computed tomography scans revealed the presence of an indigestible foreign body (IFB) in the rumen, which was confirmed during the necropsy. The cause of goral's death was identified as chronic rumen impaction caused by the IFB (a ball of string), with other pathological findings including bloating, the presence of serous ascites, and congestion of digestive organs. Blood biochemical changes, clinical signs, and veterinary medical imaging diagnosis can be helpful in diagnosing ruminal impaction. This case report can provide valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of ruminal impaction caused by IFB in endangered gorals, which may include rumenotomy or other surgical procedures.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2002

This study was conducted to find out how young black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) recognize adult voice signals after hatching. For the experiment, adult voice recorded in the natural environment was played back at controlled intervals and intensity (dB) to 15 young gulls that were artificially hatched in the laboratory. The chirirah call frequency of young gulls increased as the intensity of the mew call increased. The chirirah response of the control group was highest to the mew call at intervals of 1.8s. The adult long ca11 and alarm call also showed similar results to the mew call when the interval and intensity were manipulated similar to the mew call. Based on the results of this experiment, it is assumed that the young black-tailed gulls recognize adult voice signals based on the simple structure of adult voice signals, that is, the interval and intensity of the voice.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.529-533
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• 2017

Sightings of long-tailed bats have only been recorded twice in Korea, and their morphology and ecology are virtually unknown. We captured a female long-tailed bat in May 2016, in Gangwon Province, and to the best of our knowledge, this has been done for the first time in approximately 30 years. The captured bat had a very small craniofacial area and the length of its tibia was > 19 mm. The wing membrane penetrated the distal portion of the metatarsus of its first toe. The fur of the bat had a lusterless yellowish-brown color and its terminal tail vertebra was free beyond the posterior edge of the uropatagium. It had an obvious lambdoid crest on the lateral side. The anterior and central premolars were located inward with respect to the tooth row. In the mandible, the central premolar was located slightly inward and was nearly 80% of the anterior premolar in height.