• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-27
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• 2014

This paper examines the effects of financial crises on the long memory volatility dependency of daily exchange returns focusing on the Asian crisis in 97-98 and the Global crisis in 08-09. By using the daily KRW-USD and JPY-USD exchange rates which have different trading regions and volumes, this paper first applies both the parametric FIGARCH model and the semi-parametric Local Whittle method to estimate the long memory volatility dependency of the daily returns and the temporally aggregated returns of the two exchange rates. Then it compares the effects of the two financial crises on the long memory volatility dependency of the daily returns. The estimation results reflect that the long memory volatility dependency of the KRW-USD is generally greater than that of the JPY-USD returns and the long memory dependency of the two returns appears to be invariant to temporal aggregation. And, the two financial crises appear to affect the volatility dynamics of all the returns by inducing greater long memory dependency in the volatility process of the exchange returns, but the degree of the effects of the two crises seems to be different on the exchange rates.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new language model, namely, a dependency structure language model, for information retrieval to compensate for the weaknesses of unigram and bigram language models. The dependency structure language model is based on the first-order dependency model and the dependency parse tree generated by a linguistic parser. So, long-distance dependencies can be naturally captured by the dependency structure language model. We carried out extensive experiments to verify the proposed model, where the dependency structure model gives a better performance than recently proposed language models and the Okapi BM25 method, and the dependency structure is more effective than unigram and bigram in language modeling for information retrieval.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.705-712
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore factors that influence care dependency of institutionalized patients with dementia. Method: This study utilized descriptive correlational design. The convenience sample was composed of 110 residents with dementia of two long-term care facilities in Korea. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant factors influencing care dependency in patients with dementia. Care dependency was measured using the Care Dependency Scale, Korean version(CDS-K). Cognition was measured by the MMSE-K. Functional disability was measured by the PULSES Profile. Behavioral dysfunction was measured by the modified E-BEHAVE AD. Result: Care dependency was significantly influenced by cognition, functional disability, behavioral dysfunction, and duration of dementia. This regression model explained 61 % of the variances in care dependency. Cognition explained 37% of the variances, and functional disability explained 21% of the variances. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that professional caregivers intervene more effectively in caring for their patients with dementia by recognizing the patients cognitive, functional, behavioral disability, and its periodic change. Individually, remaining abilities-focused intervention should be applied to enhance patient to be dependent and to prevent unnecessary independency.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1183-1196
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of characteristics of the long-term care elderly and caregivers on caregivers' stress. The data of this study were collected from 105 long-term care elderly caregivers with 3 grade in Pusan, Daegu, and Gyung-buk area. The results showed that each stress of caregivers was influenced by diverse characteristics in various ways. Time-dependent stress of caregivers was influenced by elderly dependency and caregivers' health. Self-development stress of caregivers was influenced by elderly dependency, caregivers' health, caregivers' age, and relationship quality. Physical stress of caregivers was influenced by elderly dependency and caregivers' health. Social stress of caregivers was influenced by elderly dependency, caregivers' health, and relationship quality. Emotional stress of caregivers was influenced by relationship quality between the elderly and caregivers. These results indicated that the caregivers' stress was influenced not only physical characteristics of the elderly and the caregivers but also relational characteristics.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.567-571
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• 2015

Transition-based dependency parsing requires much time and efforts to design and select features from a very large number of possible combinations. Recent studies have successfully applied Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) to find solutions to this problem and to reduce the data sparseness. However, most of these methods have adopted greedy search and can only consider a limited amount of information from the context window. In this study, we use a Recurrent Neural Network to handle long dependencies between sub dependency trees of current state and current transition action. The results indicate that our method provided a higher accuracy (UAS) than an MLP based model.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to see how government spending on education, health, and social security affects ratios in Indonesia. The third sector has a critical role to play in reducing the dependency ratio. It also aims to lower unemployment and poverty rates. This study uses the GMM panel data model. This model can determine the dynamic response of the ratio that comes from a number of variables. This study uses data from 33 provinces from 2010 to 2018. The results show that government spending in the education and health sectors has a positive effect on the dependency ratio, both in the short and long term. Social security has a significant effect on the dependency ratio in the long term, but not in the short term. Government spending in the education sector and health sector and social security sector have a positive and significant effect on disease and illness. The study's findings show a high level of poverty with a large standard deviation. The high ratio value is due to the large number of restrictions placed on a number of regions. Each province has made a significant contribution to overcoming these challenges, particularly in terms of the comparative ratio.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.231-241
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• 2011

Business processes are often of long duration, and include internal worker's decision making, which makes business processes to be exposed to many exceptional situations. These properties of business processes makes it difficult to guarantee successful termination of business processes at the design phase. The behavioral properties of business processes mainly depends on the data aspects of business processes. To formalize the data aspect of process modeling, this paper proposes a graph-based model, called Data Dependency Graph (DDG), constructed from dependency relationships specified between business data. The paper also defines a mechanism of describing a set of mapping rules that generates a process model semantically equivalent to a DDG, which is accomplished by allocating data dependencies to component activities.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a quit smoking program using the Web and short message service on exhaled carbon monoxide, self-efficacy, and depression according to nicotine dependency level in undergraduate students. Methods: In this study a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was applied. The participants included 90 students (52 in the low nicotine dependency group and 38 in the high nicotine dependency group) who succeeded in quitting smoking. Data were collected on 3 occasions, that is, before the program, immediately after the program, and 3 weeks after the program. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and paired t-test with SPSS 20.0. Results: Exhaled carbon monoxide was higher in the high nicotine dependency group than in the low nicotine dependency group. Self-efficacy significantly increased 3 weeks after the program in the low nicotine dependency group and significantly increased immediately after the program in the high nicotine dependency group. Depression significantly decreased 3 weeks after the program in the low nicotine dependency group. Conclusion: Self-efficacy may be enhanced when it is dealt with during an early phase of the quit smoking program for the high nicotine dependency group. Long-term intervention and persistent intervention are needed with regard to depression during a quit smoking program.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-93
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• 2007

This research purposed to analyse the diversity of the long-term care system based on the dependency/independency of the aged. For this purpose, we divided the long-term care systems to three components; form of benefit, generosity of benefit and delivery system. Form of benefit is whether the benefit is cash or in-kind, and the generosity of benefit is related to the level and coverage of benefit. The last concerned to focus on provider and user selection. According to this, we tried to make an ideal type of long-term care in the perspective of citizenship and consumerism. As a result, we established four types of long-term care system; active citizen type, passive citizen type, latent citizen type, and family dependent type. And we investigated Austria, Sweden, Germany and Korea for each type empirically.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 2007

This paper presents a statistical model for Korean dependency-based parsing. Although Korean is one of free word order languages, it has the feature of which some word order is preferred to local contexts. Earlier works proposed parsing models using modification lengths due to this property. Our model uses headible path contexts for modification length probabilities. Using a headible path of a dependent it is effective for long distance relation because the large surface context for a dependent are abbreviated as its headible path. By combined with lexical bigram dependency, our probabilistic model achieves 86.9% accuracy in eojoel analysis for KAIST corpus, more improvement especially for long distance dependencies.