• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권6호
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• pp.715-730
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• 2023

Broad studies have addressed the issue of structural element damage identification, however, rubber bearing, as a key component of load transmission between the superstructure and substructure, is essential to the operational safety of a bridge, which should be paid more attention to its health condition. However, regarding the limitations of the traditional bearing damage detection methods as well as few studies have been conducted on this topic, in this paper, inspired by the model updating-based structural damage identification, a two-stage bearing damage identification method has been proposed. In the first stage, we deduce a novel bearing damage localization indicator, called element relative MSE, to accurately determine the bearing damage location. In the second one, the prior knowledge of bearing damage localization is combined with sailfish optimization (SFO) to perform the bearing damage estimation. In order to validate the feasibility, a numerical example of a 5-span continuous beam is introduced, also the noise robustness has been investigated. Meanwhile, the effectiveness and engineering applicability are further verified based on an experimental simply supported beam and actual engineering of the I-40 Bridge. The obtained results are good, which indicate that the proposed method is not only suitable for simple structures but also can accurately locate the bearing damage site and identify its severity for complex structure. To summarize, the proposed method provides a good guideline for the issue of bridge bearing detection, which could be used to reduce the difficulty of the traditional bearing failure detection approach, further saving labor costs and economic expenses.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.754-760
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• 2013

Background Classical flaps for perinasal defect reconstruction, such as forehead or nasolabial flaps, have some disadvantages involving limitations of the arc of rotation and two stages of surgery. However, a perforator-based flap is more versatile and allows freedom in flap design. We introduced our experience with reconstruction using a facial artery perforator-based propeller flap on the perinasal area. We describe the surgical differences between different defect subtypes. Methods Between December 2005 and August 2013, 10 patients underwent perinasal reconstruction in which a facial artery perforator-based flap was used. We divided the perinasal defects into types A and B, according to location. The operative results, including flap size, arc of rotation, complications, and characteristics of the perforator were evaluated by retrospective chart review and photographic evaluation. Results Eight patients were male and 2 patients were female. Their mean age was 61 years (range, 35-75 years). The size of the flap ranged from $1cm{\times}1.5cm$ to $3cm{\times}6cm$. Eight patients healed uneventfully, but 2 patients presented with mild flap congestion. However, these 2 patients healed by conservative management without any additional surgery. All of the flaps survived completely with aesthetically pleasing results. Conclusions The facial artery perforator-based flap allowed for versatile customized flaps, and the donor site scar was concealed using the natural nasolabial fold.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose rational methods in order to maintain vegetation condition and soil environment based on the analysis of tree growth in relation to the soil environment, which is one of the most significant environmental factors on vegetation condition in urban parks and open spaces. The result of the study can be described as below;The soil on every study site had strong acidity. In particular, study sites around industrial district and central business district showed extreme soil acidity. Therefore, soil management system is needed in urban parks and green spaces around those areas. Among Cambium Electric Resistance classified by locations of urban parks and open spaces, one in the costal area was the lowest. The Cambium Electric Resistance in the industrial area was the highest. Therefore, soil condition and locational environment in the industrial area are highly related to the Cambium Electric Resistance. Among the factors, which affect Cambium Electric Resistance in different locations, inorganic content was found to be the main factor in all of the study sites. Inorganic content was an important factor to the Cambium Electric Resistance in study sites located in industrial and central business districts. In the study sites located in costal area, Soil acidity was found to be other important factors that affect Cambium Electric Resistance. To improve the soil acidity, soil buffering ability should be improved from activating microorganisms in the soil by using lime and organic material, Since it takes a long time to make a change in the soil structure, well planed maintenance system is required by mid-term or long-term plans.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2022

최근 국내·외에서 지하도로 및 장대터널의 계획 및 시공으로 인해 설치 빈도가 증가하고 있는 터널 환기탑관련 설치기준에 대한 조사 및 분석, 국내 및 해외의 터널에 대한 환기탑 설치사례분석을 통해 시사점 및 개선점을 고찰하였다. 검토 결과 환기탑위치 및 높이선정 시 오염물질 배출로 인한 환경영향성, 주변 경관과 조화로운 배치, 지상부지의 효율적인 활용 등을 고려하여 주민과의 협의과정 등을 통해 최종 환기탑의 형식을 확정하는 것이 합리적일 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 설계단계에서부터 주변지형과의 자연스런 조화 및 민원방지를 위해 대기질 시뮬레이션을 통한 환기탑 높이 축소 등에 대한 상세한 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2018

Urban campus, one of the main urban facilities, is the representative place that is struggling with 'gridlock'. Due to privatization of space among different departments and space shortages, gridlock has been occurring as a result. The urban campus trying to solve this problem by changing the quality of space, especially the structure of the shared space, which is expected to be the solution to the grid lock problem. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the structural change in the university's shared space based on paradigm transition. The theoretical consideration is to analyze the spatial characteristics of university shared space that appear at different stages through a new perspective that compares the gridlock phenomenon and the shared paradigm. The framework of the analysis of the shared space, which has recently been restructured, is classified into the spatial characteristics of collaborative space, the creative space, and the common/complex space. In addition, these spatial characteristics are again analyzed through the division of legislative facility classification, management governance subject, area, building location and layout, exposure to the outside as well as the analysis of student and staff entry and exit, sharing structure of site and space, and the classification of program characteristics. The results are as follows: The restructured space is systemized so that the management governance of each space would be connected to each other to share information and space. Furthermore, the spatial boundary between colleges or between campus spaces are not only physically, but categorically clear. The restructured space has semi (or in-between)-spatial characteristics such as the intersection in inside and outside of the pedestrian's circulation and the mixture of programs. This study could serve as principal references in presenting the systematic analysis of directions of the shared spatial structure for the urban campus where new educational space is required due to the changes in the university system.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.158-161
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 원자력 및 핵의학 분야용 Total RMS(Radiation Monitoring System)를 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 Stack Monitor, Area Monitor, Water(Liquid) Monitor 등을 하나의 시스템으로 확장 및 제어할 수 있는 장비로 각 방사선 검출기에서 측정된 신호를 통합 모니터링 할 수 있다. 제안하는 시스템은 해당 방사선을 검출하는 Sensor Module, 방사선 검출 위치에 인접한 곳에서 방사선량을 디스플레이 하는 Display Unit, 검출된 방사선량이 위험 수준에 도달시 경보를 알리는 Alarm Unit, 각 모니터링에서 측정된 방사선량들을 취합하고 저장하여 원격 감시 시스템에 내용을 전달하는 Main Hub, 원격지에서 측정된 방사선량 상태를 일목요연하게 디스플레이 하는 RMS Monitoring Unit 등으로 구성된다. 제안된 원자력 및 핵의학 분야용 Total RMS의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 공인시험기관에서 실험한 결과, 측정 불확도가 8.5%이하로 측정되어 국제 표준인 ${\pm}15%$ 이하에서 정상동작 됨이 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2004

The Yatomi - Aioiyama line is a city-planning road that was notified in 1957 and subsequently prepared by land readjustments. Currently, approximately 900m of road pass in the inside of the Aioiyama green area has not been constructed. The surveying briefing session for inhabitants was held in July 1992, the project was authorized by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in September 1993, and the project briefing session for inhabitants was held in September 1993. The site purchase has been completed. At the May 2000 briefing session, inhabitants of the area began voicing dissenting demanding the conservation of the natural environment of this green area. The inspector system serves as the third party, independent of both the administration and the inhabitants. Before finalizing the geometric line form of the road to be constructed, some surveys of animals and plants found along the walking trails carried out intensively in the northern area, which is approximately 50 ha, of the Aioiyama green area. The natural environment inspector submitted a plan for changing the geometric line form of the road decided upon by city planning, and it was approved by the city planning council. If the shelter structure or the retaining wall structure is adopted at the location where large slope faces are produced by excavation or landfill, and if the bridge structure is adopted at the place where stream-lines and walking trails intersect, it leads to a reduction of approximately $40\%$ in the areas for which change is planned. Furthermore, approximately $20\%$ of the area to be changed is restored by returning soil to the roof of the shelter.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2016

가스 작업의 안전 관리 문제는 최근 발전 중인 사물네트워크(이하 IoT)를 활용하는 방향으로 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 국내.외에서 개발 중인 가스 시설 안전을 위한 IoT 시스템과 작업자를 효과적으로 연동시킬 수 있는 모바일 앱의 설계 방안을 모색할 예정이다. 이를 위해 문헌조사와 현장 조사, 전문가 자문 등의 연구 방법을 통하여 작업자 특성, 작업 특성, 작업장 특성 등을 연구하여 사용자 요구사항을 도출하였다. 이를 요약하면 1) 명확한 콘텐츠의 배열, 2) 가독성 높은 디자인, 3) 낮은 Death의 설계, 4) 사용자 용이성의 확보, 5) 모바일 기기 작동이 불가한 작업 구간에서의 효율적인 정보 송신 방안. 6) 작업 오류가 높은 구간에서의 알림 기능 활성화, 7) 작업시 필요한 안전 점검 사항의 빠른 양방향 송수신, 8) 사고 발생 시 작업자에게 상황을 바로 안내할 수 있는 이미지와 콘텐츠 선별, 9) 작업자 위치 지역의 위험도 알림 기능 등이라 할 수 있다. 이에 기초하여 사용자 용이성을 확보할 수 있는 가스작업 안전 앱의 기초 설계 방향을 제안하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2008년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.321-325
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• 2008

공정과 공사비는 건설 프로젝트의 관리에 있어서 매우 중요한 두 가지 요소로써, 그동안 이들을 통합 관리하려는 노력이 많이 이루어져 왔으나 국내의 국가계약법에 따른 내역체계의 한계점과 내역 및 WBS 표준화 작업의 미흡으로 인해 실제 시행에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최신관리기법인 BIM의 객체기반 3D 모델링 정보를 이용하여 비용과 일정정보를 연계하여 관리하는 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저 프로젝트 구성정보를 비용, 일정, 구조물의 부위별 구성요소로 나누고 각 구성정보에 의한 분류체계의 특징을 분석하였고, 국내의 내역중심 관리체계와 전체적인 관리 시스템 상의 한계를 감안하여 제약조건을 절정하고 작업분류체계(WBS)를 통한 일정정보를 중심으로 비용과 3D 모델링의 부위별 객체들을 연계하는 방안을 제시하였다. 제시된 방안의 검증을 위하여 대림산업에서 시공중인 청풍대교 현장에 대하여 사례연구를 실시하였으며, 이를 통하여 일정변화에 따른 시각화 및 비용예측 등의 기대효과를 확인하고 한계점 및 향후 추가 연구사항들을 가늠해볼 수 있었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.39-62
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• 1999

Basic concept of this study is that architectural form as a material at present has meaning for the dweller's life on the past historical plane. Main method to recover history is ethnographic interview to dwellers. Secondary method is to analyze ancestors' writings, buildings in the background of the family photos, and past drawings and then to relate them with architectural form at present. Taxonomy is a starting point: general name of the building by outside researcher is quite different from it by inside dwellers. 'Haengrang-chae', servant quarter, has never been used for servants. Function of the haengrang went outside thatched houses at the front village. Firsthand observation or simple analyses as results of several precedent research are reexamined and criticized through this study. The mansion has moaning when we synthesize with the site location based on farming land and tenant farmer, and decline of the Kyongpo Lake. Territoriality of the mansion is reinterpreted to 'In-Out Structure' by Yin-Yang thinking, Dwellers extend buildings gradually to outside village, surrounding rear hills, the lake, DongHae Sea, and finally goes to imaginative Taoist heaven beyond real nature through the literary life. Confucius principle, known to govern upper class house at Yi Dynasty also affect general composition of the buildings: perpetuation of the family by ancestor worship, elder dominance and male dominance, fraternity love in the extended family, charity display by reception of guests, Taoist scholarly life harmonized with nature. However, the study of the particular life and usage of the dwellers reinforces or corrects general supposition of precedent researches. Unique shape of the house has been formed by convenience of the dwellers' life style, early modernized free thought over the rigid Confucius design principle, and female power in male dominant society.