• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2001

A prevalence of temporomandibular disorders(TMD) based on the clinical sign and symptom in 155 patients were investigated. History taking with interview chart and clinical examination were performed. Age and gender of the patients, duration of TMD, location of pain, joint sound, limitation of mouth opening and more detailed diagnostic name were identified. The results of this study were as follows: 1. TMD was more prevalent in female than in male. TMD was the most prevalent at the age of 20s and decreased with age. 2. Acute TMD was more prevalent than chronic one. 3. About ninety percent of TMD patients had pain. Pain had mainly a unilateral origin. Muscle pain was mainly related with the masseter muscle. 4. Joint sound was identified in about fifty-six percent of the TMD patients and unilateral joint sound was more prevalent than bilateral one. 5. Limitation of mouth opening was observed in about forty percent of the TMD patients. 6. In TMD patients, muscle dysfunction was the most prevalent one. In muscle disorders local muscle soreness was the most prevalent one. In joint disorders, capsulitis was the most prevalent one. In muscle-joint disorders, trigger point pain with retrodiscitis was the most prevalent one.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.2737-2753
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• 2013

In this study, we propose a novel salient object detection strategy based on regional contrast and relative spatial compactness. Our algorithm consists of four basic steps. First, we learn color names offline using the probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) model to find the mapping between basic color names and pixel values. The color names can be used for image segmentation and region description. Second, image pixels are assigned to special color names according to their values, forming different color clusters. The saliency measure for every cluster is evaluated by its spatial compactness relative to other clusters rather than by the intra variance of the cluster alone. Third, every cluster is divided into local regions that are described with color name descriptors. The regional contrast is evaluated by computing the color distance between different regions in the entire image. Last, the final saliency map is constructed by incorporating the color cluster's spatial compactness measure and the corresponding regional contrast. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms several existing salient object detection methods with higher precision and better recall rates when evaluated using public datasets.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2008

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in vascular homeostasis. This study investigated whether ${O_2}^{\cdot^-}$, the foundation molecule of all ROS, regulates vasomotor function. Hence, vascular reactivity was measured using rat thoracic aortas exposed to an ${O_2}^{\cdot^-}$ generator (pyrogallol) which dose-dependently regulated both $\alpha$-adrenergic agonist-mediated contractility to phenylephrine and endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine. Pyrogallol improved and attenuated responses to acetylcholine at its lower (10 nM - 1 ${\mu}M$) and higher (10 - 100 ${\mu}M$) concentrations, respectively while producing the inverse effects with phenylephrine. The endothelial inactivation by L-NAME abolished acetylcholine-induced vasodilatations but increased phenylephrine and KCl-induced vasoconstrictions regardless of the pyrogallol dose used. Relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, were not affected by pyrogallol. Other ROS i.e. peroxynitrite and $H_2O_2$ that may be produced during experiments did not alter vascular functions. These findings suggest that the nature of ${O_2}^{\cdot^-}$-evoked vascular function is determined by its local concentration and the presence of a functional endothelium.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.21
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• pp.459-483
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• 1994

The purpose of the study is to design and implement a prototype expert system for library classification in the literature field of the DDC 20. The system was largely consisted of a knowledge base, an inference engine, a knowledge acquisition facility, an explanation facility and an user interface facility. The knowledge base was represented by inference rules and frames. The name file for authors and titles was designed separately. The forward chaining technique was chosen for the inference engine and the menu-driven dialog technique was also taken for the user interface. The conclusions of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) The difficulty of document classification work is due to the complex and stringent classification rules. Such problems can be considerably alleviated by using the present system. 2) Even the novice with a knowledge about the DDC 20 can easily access the system. And also librarian other than the professional classifier can easily be accustomed to the classification work. 3) The system can be used as an online classification scheme. 4) By adding any local language other than English or Hangeul on the menu screen, the language problem relating classification can be overcome. 5) The system can be employed as the intensification tool for the education of classification as well as library automation.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.67
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• pp.49-68
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• 2015

In recent years in China, corresponding to a shift in consumption pattern from household basics to greater expenditure on quality of life, new franchising opportunities arise. Although the franchising prospect in China is promising, Korean companies aiming at franchising into China need to be aware of the legal framework for commercial franchise in China as this will have direct impact on their business expansion. Where franchising activities involve trade mark licence, Chinese Franchise Regulations require such trade mark licence agreement to be regulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Chinese Trademark Law. Furthermore where one party fails to perform his obligation and it impacts purpose of the contract seriously, the other party could avoid the contract in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Chinese Contract Law. To launch franchising business successfully in China, Korean companies do market research sufficiently before they may commence franchise business. Korean franchisor must register with local authorities in China by own name, and make Chinese partner take charge of management of the distribution network and invitation of franchisee partners.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.8.1-8.6
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• 2014

Despite the remarkable advancements of the modern medicine, the traditional system of medicine (TSM) still serves as a potential primary health care modality in the in low- and middle-income countries. The recent reports suggest that there is a renewed interest has been observed towards TSM in the developed countries too, because of the adverse side-effect of modern medicines. Medicinal plants have been widely serving as a rich source of therapeutic agent. Ethiopia is one of the most reserves rich countries in the world. It is renowned for well-diversified and natural resources in terms of its unique flora and fauna. Ethiopian deep-rooted tradition and culture largely depends on the usage of plants for their religious ceremonies, impressive festivals, traditional medicinal uses and other basic necessities. The present scrutiny is an attempt to understand the omnipotent nature of an Ethiopian Ethnomedicinal plant called Tinjute [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Otostegia integrifolia]. There are several studies suggest that Tinjute can be used as a natural medicine or health-promoting agents for various disorders and ailments. Nevertheless, in Ethiopia, it is renowned as an insect repellent to drive-away insect vector of diseases, particularly mosquitoes in the early evening. However, there are many more issues and challenges which must be urgently addressed to scientifically formulate various potent, efficacious, safe and highly selective phytotherapeutic agents and insects' repellent from the Tinjute plant in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.119-141
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reason, background, history, and present status of outsourcing of the Public library management and the change of librarianship in Japan. Under the name of the difficulty of finance and the effective management in local government, from the beginning of 1970's, the outsourcing of public library is going to the present. And especially with the progress of outsourcing, there were decreasing of the number of librarian, increasing of part time librarian, and abolition of librarianship. So this study try to find good resolutions about these problems in end.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2011

Monochoria vaginalis var. angustifolia (Pontederiaceae) was newly found in a furrow in Imha-ri, Boeun-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do for the first time in Korea. This taxon is distinguished from the other species of the genus Monochoria in Korea by having the smallest plant height, very narrow lanceolate leaves, a cuneate leaf base, and raceme with 1 to 2 flowers. A local name was newly given, 'Ga-neun-moul-dal-ge-bi' for the species. The morphological characteristics and illustrations of the taxon as well as photographs at the habitat are provided with a taxonomic key to the species of Monochoria in Korea.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1586-1589
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• 2005

GUMF (Global User Management Framework) that is proposed in this research can be applied to next generation network such as BcN (Broadband convergence Network), it is QoS guaranteed security framework for user that can solve present Internet's security vulnerability. GUMF offers anonymity for user of service and use the user's real-name or ID for management of service and it is technology that can realize secure QoS. GUMF needs management framework, UMS (User Management System), VNC (Virtual Network Controller) etc. UMS consists of root UMS in country dimension and Local UMS in each site dimension. VNC is network security equipment including VPN, QoS and security functions etc., and it achieves the QoSS (Quality of Security Service) and CLS(Communication Level Switching) functions. GUMF can offer safety in bandwidth consumption attacks such as worm propagation and DoS/DDoS, IP spoofing attack, and current most attack such as abusing of private information because it can offer the different QoS guaranteed network according to user's grades. User's grades are divided by 4 levels from Level 0 to Level 3, and user's security service level is decided according to level of the private information. Level 3 users that offer bio-information can receive secure network service that privacy is guaranteed. Therefore, GUMF that is proposed in this research can offer profit model to ISP and NSP, and can be utilized by strategy for secure u-Korea realization.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2004

The rural living improvement in Japan operates in considerations of socio-eoonomic circumstances of rural community as in Korea. After 1945 the program emphasized the improvement of living conditions such as poverty alienation improvement of house and toilet nutrition after war, From 1955, health programs including better cooking and nutrition, house modification and improved living conditions corresponding to the goal of the developed country were carried out. In 1965. the goal of the rural home economics was focused on the harmonized production and living, improvement of the levels of rural living, health and building rural community. From 1975, the goals of the program were to organize the farming in the better ways and improvement of rural women's role. In 1985, making agreeable living conditions was emphasized under the goal of vital rural society. From the period of Heysey(1989${\sim}$), for better living of rural people the government is emphasizing the programs including farm labor management, utilization of farm products, farm management and rural environments. Recognizing the important influencing resources of agents in extension services, on the job and education was implemented step by step from basic to planning to upgrade competencies. The government is trying to construct better with infrastructures, encouraging direct selling the value-added processed food from local farm products with rural people's real name and other countryside resources. Major programs in the 21st centuries are building better rural society with men and women together and considering elders as well as new farmers.