• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.444-457
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• 2014

Dangsan forests are traditional village forests which have been established by local residents. They represent unique cultural landscape of Korea with a history of more than several hundred years. It is necessary for a cultural contents to have locality and globality so as to represent Korea. Cultural heritage can retain their value when they are fully sustained their authenticity and management scheme. Although many Dangsan forests have been on the verge of disappearance, the four villages in Sinwon-ri have retained Dangsan forests with Dangsan ritual. In this study, a designation of 'Conservation area of agricultural landscape ecology' including Dangsan forests, Bibo forests, rice paddy field, and stream in Sinwon-ri was suggested. This 'Conservation area of agricultural landscape ecology' can be developed to unique glocal cultural content of rural Korea, and will contribute to enhance the value of the Dangsan forest's, and revitalization of rural villages.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2015

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is quickly being adopted by aviation safety authorities around the world as the standard for aircraft tracking. The technology provides the opportunity for live tracking of aircraft positions within range of an ADS-B receiver stations. Currently these receiver stations are bound by land and local infrastructural constraints. As such there is little to no coverage over oceans and poles, over which many commercial flights routinely travel. A low cost space based ADS-B receiving system is proposed as a constellation of small satellites. The possibility for a link between aircraft and satellite is dependent primarily on proximity. Calculating the likelihood of a link between two moving targets when considering with the non-periodic and non-uniform nature of actual aircraft flight-paths is non-trivial. This analysis of the link likelihood and the performance of the tracking ability of the satellite constellation has been carried out by a direct simulation of satellites and aircraft. Parameters defining the constellation (satellite numbers, orbit size and shape, orbit configuration) were varied between reasonable limits. The recent MH370 disappearance was simulated and potential tracking and coverage was analysed using an example constellation. The trend of more satellites at a higher altitude inclined at 60 degrees was found to be the optimal solution.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-49
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• 1977

These studies were carried out to detect the presence of mycotoxin fungi and detoxification of toxins in various kinds of grain and foodstuffs in Korea. The experiments were divided into three parts: mycologic, toxicologic and electron microscopic study. The resuIts were summarized as follows: 1. From the 210 various, samples(local grains, 150 samples; rice-cakes, 50 samples; meju, 10 samples), 1,205 colonies or fungi were isolated. In 1,127 of 1,205 colonies, it was possible to identify 21 genera. Among the identified strains, the predominant genera were Aspergillus sp.(28.5%), Penicillium sp.(27.1%) and Mucor sp.(7.8%). 2. In cytotoxicity test on HeLa cells, 25 strains showed severe toxic effects among the 240 strains of experiments. 3. In histopathologic test on mice, 21 strains showed severe toxic effect to mouse liver cells among the 240 tested strains. 4. In electron microscopic studies of HeLa cells and mouse liver cells from animal which had been treated with crude toxin, the liver cells showed the cytoplasmic change: dillatation or vacuolization of endoplasmic reticulum, swelling of mitochondria and disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, increased number of lipid and glycogen particles. Nucleus and nucelar envelope alterations, were also noted. 5. In the detoxification study with ultraviolet irradiation, 90% of the toxic substances were denatured by the ultraviolet light irradiation for 24 hours. 6. As a mass screening, the cytotoxicity test of HeLa cells and histopathologic study of mice liver cells treated with culture filtrates, employed and feasible to detect mycotoxin producing fungi.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.685-691
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• 1998

In the first of two experiments, chemical composition (Ash, CP and CF contents), nutritive value (in vitro organic matter disappearance "lVOMD" and energy content "ME") and nitrogen retention of chopped date fronds (CDF) as affected by chemical treatment (CT) and storage duration (SD) were investigated. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, arranged in a $3{\times}4$ factorial, with 3 (CT) and 4 (SD) as the main factors using 2 replications / treatment. Three chemical treatments, were used : Control (With zero or no chemical treatment); treatment with 4% urea solution (w /w) and treatment with 4% urea + Date syrup extract (DS). The 4 (SD) were: Control (immediately after opening - without any storage or zero time storage); one month storage period; two months storage period and three months storage period. Both (CT) and (SD) had significant effects (p < 0.05) on CP and ash contents of the CDF, however there were no significant effects (p > 0.05) due to (CT) and (SD) on CF and nutritive value. High retention value (> 80%) for nitrogen was reported for the treated CDF, immediately after opening the incubated material (zero SD). However, nitrogen retention decreased with increasing (SD) to 67% after one month (SD) but tended to stay at a fairly constant level of 67% until 3 months of storage. In experiment 2, the feeding value of treated CDF was evaluated in comparison to Rhodes grass hay, using growing goats and sheep. A $4{\times}2$ factorial design was used (Four roughage sources were used : Rhodes grass hay, untreated CDF, urea-treated CDF and CDF treated with urea + DS with sheep and goats as two animal species, using three animals / treatment). Untreated CDF had a similar feeding value to Rhodes grass hay. However treatment of CDF with urea alone or with urea + DS depressed animal performance of both goats and sheep, apparently due to depression of feed intake (appetite). Feeding untreated CDF decreased feeding cost by 29% and cost/kg gain by 23%. CDF showed a good potential as a cheap local roughage and emergency feed for ruminants in the Sultanate.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2009

Dryland species and ecosystems have developed unique strategies to cope with low and sporadic rainfall. They are highly resilient and recover quickly from prevailing disturbances such as fires, herbivore pressure and drought. Dryland people have engineered pastoral and farming systems, which are adapted to these conditions and have sustained the livelihoods of dryland people for centuries. In this article, we present the status of potentials and threats to dryland biodiversity and explore options for its conservation and sustainable use. Findings of the research can be summarized as follows: (i) The ecosystem goods and services are highly valued by the community but mechanism for wise use of the resources has disappeared, (ii) forests are under the ownership of the government but the local community is the realistic custodian of the forests through village leaderships and environmental committees; (iii) the immediate major threat to dryland biodiversity held in the forests appears to be the degradation of ecosystems and habitats caused by new and powerful forces of environmental degradation such as large scale irrigation of rice farms, poverty-induced overexploitation of natural resources, and disappearance and ignorance of traditional institutions for management of dryland biodiversity. These new forms of disturbances often overpower the legendary resilience of dryland ecosystems and constitute potentially serious threats to dryland biodiversity. Forests, wetlands and oases all of which are micro hot spots of dryland biodiversity, appear to be particularly vulnerable hence the need to set up some rules and regulations for sustainable utilization of these resources.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2020

Purpose: To identify the clinical usefulness of serum M protein and to establish a rationale for regular follow-up with serum protein electrophoresis in solitary plasmacytoma. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine patients with solitary plasmacytoma and solitary plasmacytoma with minimal marrow involvement according to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria were retrospectively reviewed. Results: At a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 5-year local control (LC), 5-year multiple myeloma-free survival (MMFS), 5-year failure-free survival (FFS), and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 82.6%, 44.1%, 41.8%, and 85.1%, respectively. Among the patients whose initial serum M protein was present or not evaluated, 37.3% of patients showed disappearance of serum M protein after various treatment. MMFS of these patients were comparable to non-secretory plasmacytoma with undetectable levels of M protein, and significantly better than patients with persistent M protein. Increase of serum M protein ≥0.1 g/dL was most predictive of treatment failure with area under the curve of 0.731. Conclusion: Patients who eventually showed persistence of serum M protein after treatment showed worse MMFS and FFS compared to those whose serum M protein disappeared or who had initially non-secretory disease. The increase of serum M protein level ≥0.1 g/dL from current nadir was predictive of treatment failure. Therefore, regular follow-up with serum M protein is highly recommended especially unless the patient had initially non-secretory disease.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.23-35
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• 2013

Purpose - This paper attempts to identify the problems and limitations of a market maintenance project conducted according to the 「Special Act for the Development of Traditional Markets and Shopping Street」 and to present a revised direction for the special law and lay the groundwork for market maintenance projects to be promoted smoothly. Research design, data, and methodology - The revised direction for the legislation and the proposal were written based on an investigation of the problems and the legal system, and proposed measures for market maintenance operation and system improvements to derive the improvements needed for market maintenance projects. Results - A market maintenance project has been conducted as a means to reinvigorate traditional markets that are economically depressed, and to revive the local economy. It was largely conducted in the form of reconstruction and redevelopment and represents the interests of landowners and merchants. Thus, it is most likely to contribute to the gradual disappearance of traditional markets. First, as part of a market maintenance project, many companies are building multipurpose buildings or high-rise residential buildings to increase profits. In these high-rise buildings, they can raise rents, which may not be affordable for some existing small businesses. To solve such problems, the large-scale store registration requirement needs to be relaxed or abolished once the market maintenance project is completed. If the large-scale store registration requirement is to be abolished, the term 'large retail store' should be changed in the 「Special Act for the Development of Traditional Markets and Shopping Street」. After registration, the Small and Medium Business Administration should train merchants, offer consultations, and support events, to the extent that the existing traditional market management modernization project permits, and further continue to manage and support its ongoing activities. However, unless large-scale store registration is abolished, adding an exception clause in the special law to relax large-scale store registration criteria, and permitting changes to building use is another option. At the end of a market maintenance project, empty stores should be purchased by the Small and Medium Business Administration, and local government, etc., at the actual construction cost, to utilize them as public rental shopping areas, which in turn may be re-utilized as a temporary market for another market maintenance project. The second problem in market maintenance projects is merchant-protection. Currently, the special law prescribes that a temporary market be created for merchants to conduct business during the rental period of a market maintenance project. Conclusions - In reality, a market maintenance project is conducted usually in big metropolitan cities with 500,000 residents or more. The main building type created under these projects is a multipurpose building. For this reason, it is very difficult to secure a location for a temporary market in the surrounding area of such a project. To solve this problem, this study suggests 'public rental shopping areas' as mentioned above.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.421-431
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• 2011

This study examined visitors' perceptions and attitudes about establishing cable car in Mudeungsan Provincial Park (MPP). Data were collected from 401 respondents by a field questionnaire survey in MPP during the September of 2010. 61.7% of respondents opposed to establishing cable car in MPP while 20.6 percent supported it. Respondents showed high level of belief to possible consequences that establishing cable car will result in 'deterioration of ecosystem and natural landscape', 'crowding problem by increased number of visitors', 'disappearance of naturalness or previous nature experiences in MPP'. Respondents, however, presented low belief to 'positive effects on increasing economic income and local economic growth by attracting tourists'. 32.4 percent of the survey respondents evaluated the present MPP as a place of 'Nature Preservation Area (NPA)' and 10.5% as 'Developed Park Area (DPA)'. 48.8% of respondents answered that MPP should be managed as 'NPA' with only 2.5% as DPA. Respondents' socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, age, education level, length of residence in Gwang-ju city), use patterns (number of visits to MPP or to Jungbong and surrounding areas), and normative place condition of MPP showed relationship with the overall support rates about establishing cable car. The results and their implications were discussed.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-124
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• 2024

Based on Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, this study explores how to mitigate the disappearance of rual areas. The study surveyed 95 young farmers in Muan-gun to assess their farming practices and the challenges they face. We further employ factor analysis and cluster analysis classify young farmers in Muan-gun, facilitating the identification of tailored policies or initiatives aimed at fostering and supporting young farmers. The results are summarized as follows. First, Muan County does not have any ordinances or original projects specifically designed to support young farmers. Second, the succession rate of farmland among young farmers in Muan County is 41.1%, which is comparable to the national rate of 43.7%. This indicates that approximately 40% of young farmers in Korea have inherited farmland, a critical foundation for agricultural activities. Third, despite accumulating farming experience, young farmers have not seen any improvement in local living conditions, and rather their difficulties have intensified. Fourth, this study conducted a factor analysis using 21 variables, resulting in the selection of seven common factors for cluster analysis. Consequently, young farmers in Muan County were categorized into three groups. The multinomial logit analysis revealed that the typology of young farmers is influenced by indicators such as cultivated area, farming experience, demand for smart farms, farm income, and farming type (rice cultivation or other). Therefore, to attract young farmers and prevent the decline of rural areas, policy efforts should focus on minimizing entry barriers to farming infrastructure, such as access to farmland, and improving local settlement conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.92-102
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• 2013

This study aimed to reveal the establishment process and spatial composition of TaiSho park in modern Busan. The TaiSho park is an athletic park which combines a playground and a rest facilities. The arguments on construction of playground commenced for commemorating Kameyama, Busan director official, when he moved to Taiwan in 1910. First Proposers which construct to sport park were businessman in that time. However, construction of playground was progress as a commemoration business of accession of Taisho Tenno. Playground construction got into stride by the proposal of the Busan mayor Wakamatsu in 1917. When it looks into process of discussion about a site selection candidate, norms of playground site selection are the paly ground which appropriate with effective site area and distance between park and a section of a city, in other hand, those are accessibility and budget. As a result of several arguments and actual site investigation, it was decide to select a site which enters to elementary school, after the isolation hospital relocates. The cost of construction of the TaiSho park is prepared by donation of the Busan civil. The donation fund raising committee was constituted by local commerce and industry people, a company, government, municipal offices and area, and funds was raised systematically. As a result, total amount of construction cost was made from the donation of local civil. The TaiSho park is broadly into two sectors; exercise area and rest and pleasure space. Entrance was set up in three aspects of the park and the subcontract planted. The baseball field took the seat in the central part of the park, and also prepared two tennis courts. Japanese Sumo field was also prepared for the north side of the park. The significance of the TaiSho park in Korea Park history can be summarized in South Korea's first sports park and which was made from the donation of local civil. The remained subjects from this study are to clarify the disappearance process of TaiSho park and a reason why modern Busan people want to get playground.