• 산업공학
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• 제17권spc호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2004

The main purpose of this study is to find out the optimal solution of the vehicle routing problem considering heterogeneous vehicle(s), double-trips, and multi depots. This study suggests a mathematical programming model with new numerical formula which considers the amount of delivery and sub-tour elimination and gives optimal solution by using OPL-STUDIO(ILOG). This study also suggests modified genetic algorithm which considers the improvement of the creation method for initial solution, application of demanding point, individual and last learning method in order to find excellent solution, survival probability of infeasible solution for allowance, and floating mutation rate for escaping from local solution. The suggested modified genetic algorithm is compared with optimal solution of the existing problems. We found the better solution rather than the existing genetic algorithm. The suggested modified genetic algorithm is tested by Eilon and Fisher data(Eilon 22, Eilon 23, Eilon 30, Eilon 33, and Fisher 10), respectively.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.380-390
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• 2015

지방자치단체는 공공서비스 측면에서 중앙정부와 비교하여 가까운 접점을 가지고 있기 때문에, 오늘날 복지문제가 중요한 이유인 상황에서 그 역할이 중요시 되고 있다. 이에 따라 지방재정의 역할이 어느 때보다 중요시되고 있지만 유감스럽게도 지방재정과 관련된 이슈들은 대부분 부정적이다. 특히 지자체의 재정자립도 문제는 매우 심각한 상황으로 많은 지자체가 재원확보에 어려움을 호소하고 있다. 중앙정부의 의존재원이 대안이 될 수도 있지만 의존재원은 재정의 자율적 운용은 물론 건전성에도 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 공공기관이 보유하고 있는 공공데이터를 활용하여 재정확충을 방안으로 제시하였다. 비록 공공데이터의 활용 수준이 초기수준이지만 공공데이터의 지자체의 자주재원 으로써의 타당성과 도입을 위한 제언들을 통하여 시론적으로 논의하고자 하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.791-798
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• 2004

Fatigue crack initiation lives of round cylindrical notch specimen were investigated. Firstly, local strain approximation methods, such as the modified incremental Neuber's rule and the modified incremental Glinka's equivalent strain energy density(ESED) rule, were used to get multiaxial stress and strain state components at the notch tip. Based on the history of local stress and strain, multiaxial fatigue models were used to obtain fatigue crack initiation lives. Because the solution of Neuber's rule and Glinka's ESED rule make the upper and lower bound of local strain approximations, fatigue crack initiation lives are expected to place between life predictions by two local strain approximations. Experimental data were compared with the fatigue crack initiation life prediction results.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.451-459
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• 2008

Accurate load modeling is essential for power system static and dynamic analysis. By the nature of the problem of parameter estimation for power system load modeling using actual measurements, multiple local optimal solutions may exist and local methods can be trapped in a local optimal solution giving possibly poor performance. In this paper, Trust-Tech, a novel methodology for global optimization, is applied to tackle the multiple local optimal solutions issue in measurement-based power system load modeling. Multiple sets of parameter values of a composite load model are obtained using Trust-Tech in a deterministic manner. Numerical studies indicate that Trust-Tech along with conventional local methods can be successfully applied to power system load model parameter estimation in measurement-based approaches.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.109-128
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• 2003

This study is intended to suggest an ideal direction of the information systems policy for the local small business firms. In an effort to accomplish this objective, this paper tried to identify the current states of the information systems and measure the level of the information systems of local small business firms based on the maturity stage and the development level. The study then explored the evidence how the maturity stage and the development level affect the business performance of the local small business firms. The research found out that the organizational factor such as the support of CEO and the financial factor such as IS investment took major roles to improve the business performance. Based on the research findings of this study, the paper suggested the desirable solution of the information system policy to deal with the problems the local small business firms need to overcome.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2000

Most studies of failure analysis in ductile metals have been based on the classical plasticity theory using the local constitutive relations. These frequently yields a physically unrealistic solution, in which a numerical prediction of the onset of a deformation localization shows an inherent mesh-size sensitivity. A one way to remedy the spurious mesh sensitivity resulted in the unreasonable results is to incorporate the non-local plasticity into the simulation model, which introduce an internal (material) length-scale parameter into the classical constitutive relations. In this paper, a non-local version of the modified Gurson constitutive relation has been introduced into the finite element formulation of the simulation for plane strain compression of the visco elastic-plastic void material. By introducing the non-local constitutive relations we could successfully removed the inherent mesh-size sensitivity for the prediction of the deformation localization. The effects of non-local constitutive relation are discussed in terms of the load-stroke curve and the strain distributions accross the shear band.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.371-376
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• 2005

Administrative works of local governments in Japan always have been led by central government. Local government organizations have gotten used to control of central government, whose organization is divided vertically into divisions. Such organizations as lack of cooperation of each administrative division could not define strategic goal appropriate for their district independently and could not give an efficient and optimized solution to their strategic goal. Under existing management system, it will be difficult for local governments to rapidly adapt to changing society. Under these circumstances, it is necessary for local governments to structure new management system independent on central government's instructions in order to manage appropriately.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2010

선형 제약 만족 최적화 문제는 선형식으로 표현 가능한 목적함수 및 복잡한 제약조건을 포함하는 조합 최적화 문제를 의미한다. 정수계획법은 이와 같은 문제를 해결하는 데 매우 효과적인 기법으로 알려져 있지만 문제의 규모가 커질 경우 준최적해를 도출하기까지 매우 많은 시간과 메모리를 요구한다. 본 논문에서는 지역 탐색과 정수계획법을 결합하여 탐색 성능을 향상할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다. 기본적으로 대상 문제의 해결을 위해 지역 탐색의 가장 단순한 형태인 단순 언덕오르기 탐색을 사용하되 이웃해 생성 시 정수계획법을 적용한다. 또한 부가적으로 초기해 생성을 위해 제약 프로그래밍을 활용한다. N-Queens 최대화 문제를 대상으로 한 실험 결과, 본 논문에서 제시한 기법을 통해 다른 탐색 기법들보다 훨씬 더 좋은 해를 도출할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determined that the efficacy and comfort of iontophoretic transdermal delivery of lidocaine by comparison of local anesthetic duration, sensory threshold, pain threshold and pain tolerance levels according to four different cleansing regimes. Methods: Forty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups; oil cleansing group, lotion cleansing group, solution cleansing group and alcohol cleansing group. All subjects were received lidocaine iontophoresis on the forearm using direct current with 4 mA for 10 minutes. All subjects were measured the duration of local anesthesia after lidocaine iontophoresis, also evaluated the sensory threshold, pain threshold and pain tolerance level during iontophoresis. For comparisons of the efficacy and the sensory characteristics of iontophoresis within the groups, an one-way ANOVA was used. Results: The duration of local anesthesia were found significant difference between groups (p<0.001). The anesthetic duration in solution and alcohol cleansing groups were significantly longer than oil and lotion cleansing group by post hoc (p<0.05). Statistically significant difference were noted in respect to all sensory characteristics such as sensory threshold, pain threshold and pain tolerance between groups (p<0.001). The sensory threshold in solution and alcohol cleansing group were significantly lower than oil and lotion cleansing group by post hoc using Duncan multiple range test (p<0.05). The pain threshold and pain tolerance in solution and alcohol cleansing group were significantly higher than oil and lotion cleansing group by post hoc (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that cleansing regimes have affected the efficacy and discomfort of iontophoretic transdermal delivery of lidocaine. These findings indicate that cleansing agents without oil ingredient contributed to more comfort, and more successful achievement of the iontophoretic transdermal delivery.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.194-214
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• 1993

This paper purports to study on interactive fuzzy goal programming model which leads to the compromise solution which the decision maker satisfies through the interactive approach. We also attempted to calculate local proxy preference function from utility function of sum-of-logarithms in connection with marginal rate of substitution and interactive approach for the purpose of applying weight of multiobjective function. In an attempt to grasp compromise solution from fuzzy efficient solution, we decided to take the interactive method and presented stopping rule for this.