• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

Face detection is essential to the full automation of face image processing application system such as face recognition, facial expression recognition, age estimation and gender identification. It is found that local image features which includes Haar-like, LBP, and MCT and the Adaboost algorithm for classifier combination are very effective for real time face detection. In this paper, we present a face detection method using local pixel direction code(PDC) feature and lookup table classifiers. The proposed PDC feature is much more effective to dectect the faces than the existing local binary structural features such as MCT and LBP. We found that our method's classification rate as well as detection rate under equal false positive rate are higher than conventional one.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

Local Agenda 21 insists Local National role for earth environmental preservation. It is effect in earth environment important code that each local government promotos Local Agenda 21. Local agenda requires changes in lifestyle from everyone, such as limiting use of energy.Local agenda is difficult to define. But the goal of agenda development can guide furure policy. In this study, investigated local agenda actural condition and housing present condition, energy consumption. It is analyzed practice item of city and architecture local agenda. It is also proposed data of architecture and presented direction of architecture local agenda.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced wall thinning damage, which will increase as operating time progresses. As it is judged that the wall thinning damages have generated due to local fluid behavior around the impingement baffle installed in downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction steam line to avoid colliding directly with the tubes, numerical analyses using PHOENICS code were performed for two models with original clogged impingement baffle and modified multi-hole impingement baffle. To identify the relation between wall thinning and fluid behavior, the local velocity components in x-, y-, and z-directions based on the numerical analysis for the model with the clogged impingement baffle were compared with the wall thickness data by ultrasonic test. From the comparison of the numerical analysis results and the wall thickness data, the local velocity component only in the y-direction, and not in the x- and z-direction, was analogous to the wall thinning configuration. From the result of the numerical analysis for the modified impingement baffle to mitigate the shell wall thinning, it was identified that the shell wall thinning may be controlled by the reduction of the local velocity in the y-direction.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.809-817
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• 2008

Program plagiarism is widespread due to intelligent software and the global Internet environment. Consequently the detection of plagiarized source code and software is becoming important especially in academic field. Though numerous studies have been reported for detecting plagiarized pairs of codes, we cannot find any profound work on understanding the underlying mechanisms of plagiarism. In this paper, we study the evolutionary process of source codes regarding that the plagiarism procedure can be considered as evolutionary steps of source codes. The final goal of our paper is to reconstruct a tree depicting the evolution process in the source code. To this end, we extend the well-known bioinformatics approach, a local alignment approach, to detect a region of similar code with an adaptive scoring matrix. The asymmetric code similarity based on the local alignment can be considered as one of the main contribution of this paper. The phylogenetic tree or evolution tree of source codes can be reconstructed using this asymmetric measure. To show the effectiveness and efficiency of the phylogeny construction algorithm, we conducted experiments with more than 100 real source codes which were obtained from East-Asia ICPC(International Collegiate Programming Contest). Our experiments showed that the proposed algorithm is quite successful in reconstructing the evolutionary direction, which enables us to identify plagiarized codes more accurately and reliably. Also, the phylogeny construction algorithm is successfully implemented on top of the plagiarism detection system of an automatic program evaluation system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.54-65
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• 1999

In this study, the flow field, spray structure, and combustion process were investigated in a direct injection diesel engine having an offset bowl in a combustion chamber. The KIVA-3V code was used in this study. In order to obtain accurate results, a droplet atomization model, wall impingement model, and ignition delay concept were added to KIVA-3V code. The results showed that the offset bowl engine had a large vortex flow. The direction of this flow counteracted to the direction of fuel injection in one side of combustion chamber. It decreased local turbulent kinetic energy and eventually nonuniform combustion was resulted in an offset bowl engine. In comparison with a center bowl engine case, the peak cylinder pressure was decreased about 6%. Finally , the effect of swirl on combustion was investigated in an offset bowl engine . As the became stronger, the nouniform characteristics in combustion were increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.7 s.250
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• pp.707-714
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• 2006

A numerical analysis study has performed in terms of fluid dynamics to identify the wall thinning generated in the main feedwater isolation valve body of a nuclear power plant. To review the relations between flow characteristics and the wall thinning induced by flow accelerated corrosion (FAC), numerical analysis using FLUENT code and ultrasonic tests (UT) were performed. The local velocities according to the analysis results were compared with the distribution of the measured wall thickness by ultrasonic tests. The comparison results show that the local velocity in the x-direction had no correlation with the wall thinning but the local velocity in the y-direction and turbulence intensity had a great influence on that. These results provide a good match to those of the previous studies - locations colliding vertically against components undergo severe wall thinning. These results may be utilized to the design modification and the wall thinning management for main feedwater isolation valves for preventing the wall thinning degradation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.6000-6017
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• 2018

This paper presents a new descriptor, named Histograms of Prominent Edge Directions (HPED), for the recognition of facial expressions in a person-independent environment. In this paper, we raise the issue of sampling error in generating the code-histogram from spatial regions of the face image, as observed in the existing descriptors. HPED describes facial appearance changes based on the statistical distribution of the top two prominent edge directions (i.e., primary and secondary direction) captured over small spatial regions of the face. Compared to existing descriptors, HPED uses a smaller number of code-bins to describe the spatial regions, which helps avoid sampling error despite having fewer samples while preserving the valuable spatial information. In contrast to the existing Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) that uses the histogram of the primary edge direction (i.e., gradient orientation) only, we additionally consider the histogram of the secondary edge direction, which provides more meaningful shape information related to the local texture. Experiments on popular facial expression datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed HPED against existing descriptors in a person-independent environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.119-125
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• 2004

Radiant tube heaters are widely used for indirect heating in heat treatment processes such as continuous annealing line(CAL) or continuous galvanizing line(CGL). Main issues for radiant tube are temperature uniformity, lifetime, thermal efficiency. To achieve higher heat release, the radiant tubes are fired at a higher fuel rate and therefore local overheating occur. A numerical simulation based on a commercial code FLUENT has been performed to investigate local overheating of radiant tube heaters. To minimize local overheating, the effects of radiating fins, flue gas recirculation(FGR), two-stage combustion were investigated. More uniform temperature distribution was achieved in the longitudinal direction within the tube with radiating fins and this contributed to increase the life of radiant tubes. Furthermore, the radiant tube with radiating fins was proven to be more efficient than the one without fins. The effects of flue gas recirculation and two stage combustion on the efficiency of the radiant tube were also considered and the results were presented.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1766-1784
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• 2014

Finger vein images contain rich oriented features. Local line binary pattern (LLBP) is a good oriented feature representation method extended from local binary pattern (LBP), but it is limited in that it can only extract horizontal and vertical line patterns, so effective information in an image may not be exploited and fully utilized. In this paper, an orientation-selectable LLBP method, called generalized local line binary pattern (GLLBP), is proposed for finger vein recognition. GLLBP extends LLBP for line pattern extraction into any orientation. To effectually improve the matching accuracy, the soft power metric is employed to calculate the matching score. Furthermore, to fully utilize the oriented features in an image, the matching scores from the line patterns with the best discriminative ability are fused using the Hamacher rule to achieve the final matching score for the last recognition. Experimental results on our database, MMCBNU_6000, show that the proposed method performs much better than state-of-the-art algorithms that use the oriented features and local features, such as LBP, LLBP, Gabor filter, steerable filter and local direction code (LDC).

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.23-28
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• 2014

This study proposes the design and implementation of the system for a facial expression recognition system. LDP(Local Directional Pattern) feature computes the edge response in a different direction from a pixel with the relationship of neighbor pixels. It is necessary to be estimated that LDP code can represent facial features correctly under various conditions. In this respect, we build the system of facial expression recognition to test LDP performance quickly and the proposed evaluation system consists of six components. we experiment the recognition rate with local micro patterns (LDP, Gabor, LBP) in the proposed evaluation system.