• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2014

The friction behaviors of bulk amorphous thermal spray coating (BAC) and second phase-reinforced composite coatings using a high velocity oxy-fuel spraying process were investigated using a ball-on-disk test rig that slides against a ceramic ball in an atmospheric environment. The surface temperatures were measured using an infrared thermometer installed 50 mm from the contact surface. The crystallinities of the coating layers were determined using X-ray diffraction. The morphologies of the coating layers and worn surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the friction behavior of the monolithic amorphous coating was sensitive to the testing conditions. Under lower than normal loads, a low and stable friction coefficient of about 0.1 was observed, whereas under a higher relative load, a high and unstable friction coefficient of greater than 0.3 was obtained with an instant temperature increase. For the composite coatings, a sudden increase in friction coefficient did not occur, i.e., the transition region did not exist and during the friction test, a gradual increase occurred only after a significant delay. The BAC morphology observations indicate that viscous plastic flow was generated with low loads, but severe surface damage (i.e., tearing) occurred at high loads. For composite coatings, a relatively smooth surface was observed on the worn surface for all applied loads.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 구조 시스템의 구조적 손상에 의한 고유주파수 감소율과 감쇠변수 증가율을 비교 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 저주파 영역의 고유주파수와 비교적 높은 감쇠변수 특성을 갖는 2경간 H-Beam을 대상으로 실내실험과 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 충격하중에 대한 손상 전과 손상 후 응답신호를 각각 14개 위치에서 분석하였다. 각 위치에 대한 손상 전과 손상 후 응답신호는 푸리에 변환을 통하여 고유주파수 감소율을 분석하였으며, 감쇠변수 증가율은 웨이블릿 변환을 통하여 수행되었다. 웨이블릿 변환은 최대 웨이블릿 계수에 대응되는 스케일의 시간함수 분리가 가능하기 때문에 감쇠변수 평가에 대한 정확성을 높일 수 있다. 손상 전과 손상 후 계측된 응답신호에 대하여 고유주파수 감소율은 민감하지 못한 결과로 평가되었고, 감쇠변수 증가율은 비교적 큰 변화량을 보여 구조 시스템의 손상도 평가에 신뢰할 수 있는 결과를 보여주었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

In this study, the numbers, sizes of particles from a single cylinder direct injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine fuelled with gasoline and LPG are examined over a wide range of engine operating conditions. Tests are conducted with various engine loads (2~10bar of IMEP) and fuel injection pressures (60, 90, and 120 bar) at the engine speed of 1,500 rpm. Particles are sampled directly from the exhaust pipe using rotating disk thermodiluter. The size distributions are measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and the particle number concentrations are measured using a condensation particle counter (CPC). The results show that maximum brake torque (MBT) timing for LPG fuel is less sensitive to engine load and its combustion stability is also better than that for gasoline fuel. The total particle number concentration for LPG was lower by a factor of 100 compared to the results of gasoline emission due to the good vaporization characteristic of LPG. Test result presents that LPG for direct injection spark ignition engine help the particle emission level to reduce.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.288-293
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter is significant in many commercial buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. The development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the performance of a multi-heat pump with 3-piping system was investigated as a function of refrigerant charge and its performance was analyzed in cooling mode, heating mode, and heat recovery mode. COP in the heating or cooling mode showed little dependence on refrigerant charge at overcharge conditions, while those were strongly dependent on refrigerant charge at undercharge conditions and outdoor inlet temperature. In the heat recovery mode, the performance of the system was very sensitive to charge amount at all conditions. Optimum charge amount in the heat recovery mode was 14% lower than that in the cooling mode at the standard condition because the refrigerant only passed the indoor units. It is required to store the excessive refrigerant charge in a storage tank to optimize the system performance at operating modes.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2008

최근 구조물의 국부적인 손상이 전체적인 붕괴로 이어지는 연쇄붕괴 현상에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 연쇄붕괴에 관한 기존의 연구는 대부분 해석변수의 불확실성을 포함하지 않는 확정론적인 방법이므로, 해석결과에 대한 신뢰도를 알 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 재료의 항복강도, 활하중의 크기, 감쇠비, 탄성계수 등치 설계변수들이 기둥이 제거됨에 따라 발생하는 수직변위에 영향을 미치는 민감도를 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션, 일계이차법, 토네이도 다이어그램의 세 가지 해석기법을 적용하였다. 비선형정적 해석결과에 의하면 난수로 설정한 해석변수들 중에서 보의 항복강도가 수직변위의 변동폭이 가장 컸으며, 비선형동적해석의 경우 보의 항복강도와 감쇠비가 서로 유사한 변동폭을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.127-145
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• 2016

Composite column design is strongly influenced by the computation of the critical buckling load, which is very sensitive to the effective flexural stiffness (EI) of the column. Because of this, the behaviour of a composite column under lateral loading and its response to deflection is largely determined by the EI of the member. Thus, prediction models used for composite member design should accurately mirror this behaviour. However, EI varies due to several design parameters, and the implementation of high-strength materials, which are not considered by the current composite design codes of practice. The reliability of the design methods from six codes of practice (i.e., AS 5100, AS/NZS 2327, Eurocode 4, AISC 2010, ACI 318, and AIJ) for composite columns is studied in this paper. Also, the reliability of these codes of practice against a serviceability limit state criterion are estimated based on the combined use of the test-based statistical procedure proposed by Johnson and Huang (1997) and Monte Carlo simulations. The composite columns database includes 100 tests of circular concrete-filled tubes, rectangular concrete-filled tubes, and concrete-encased steel composite columns. A summary of the reliability analysis procedure and the evaluated reliability indices are provided. The reasons for the reliability analysis results are discussed to provide useful insight and supporting information for a possible revision of available codes of practice.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2165-2170
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter season is significant in many commercial buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. Therefore, the development of a multi-heat pump which can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the characteristics and performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump in the cooling-only and cooling-main operating mode was investigated experimentally with a variation of indoor air dry bulb temperature which is from $21^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. EEV opening was adjusted from 20% to 24% during the tests. When the indoor air temperature varied, the performance in the cooling-only mode was more sensitive to the temperature than in the cooling-main mode. The total capacity and COP were increased by 53.8% and 48.1%, respectively, in the cooling-main, while those were increased by 19.6% and 19.3% in the cooling-only mode. The performance differences between the two operating modes became larger at lower temperatures, especially for the COP.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.492-499
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter is significant in many commercial buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. The development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the performance of a multi-heat pump with 3-piping system was investigated as a function of refrigerant charge and its performance was analyzed in cooling mode, heating mode, and heat recovery mode. COP in the heating or cooling mode showed little dependence on refrigerant charge at overcharge conditions, while those were strongly dependent on refrigerant charge at undercharge conditions and outdoor inlet temperature. In the heat recovery mode, the performance of the system was very sensitive to charge amount at all conditions. Optimum charge amount in the heat recovery mode was 14% lower than that in the cooling mode at the standard condition because the refrigerant only passed the indoor units. It is required to store the excessive refrigerant charge in a storage tank to optimize the system performance at operating modes.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2010

크라이오 펌프는 크기에 비해 상대적으로 높은 배기속도를 나타내어 경제적이지만 흡착 패널의 온도에 민감하게 반응하는 배기성능 측면에서 볼 때 대유량 및 펄스 기체 부하에 대한 성능 유지 및 회복능력은 의문의 여지가 있다. 크라이오 펌프의 기체부하에 대한 공식적인 성능지표로는 최대배기량(max. throughput)과 교차(crossover)값이 있고 공식적인 것은 아니지만 펌프 회사에서 제공하는 사양에는 대부분 아르곤 회복시간(Ar recovery time)이라는 지표가 들어 있으며 사양서에 제시하지는 않지만 걸프(gulp) 시험도 통상 시행한다. 이들은 겉보기에 서로 다르지만 한편으로는 서로 중복되거나 연관성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 실용적인 면에서 절차들을 비교, 검토 및 개선하고 때에 따라서는 적절히 결합할 수 있는 방안에 대해 모색하려고 한다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2011

위성은 효용성 증가로 지속적인 발전를 거치며 여러 종류의 위성이 개발 및 계획이 진행되고 있으며, 여러 가지 필수적인 시스템을 포함하고 있다. 이중 전력 공급 시스템은 위성의 수명에 직접적인 영향을 가지고 있으며, 다양한 요구에 맞게 설계가 이루어 져야 하는 특성을 지니고 있다. 따라서 위성의 설계 요구조건에 부합하는 전압 변압기의 설계 및 안정한 제어가 요구된다. 일반적으로 저궤도 위성의 전력 변환은 각 모듈 및 부하에 따라 여러 단계를 거쳐 전달하게 된다. 이러한 다양한 단계의 전력 변환에 대한 분석 및 이를 반영한 설계는 복잡성으로 인해 쉽게 파악하기 힘든 특성을 가지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 간결 화된 일반화 모델링을 통한 대신호, 소신호분석으로 정 전압 변압기 설계 및 안정화 제어를 위한 방안을 제시한다.