• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2001

It is required more precise analysis for practical load because of complexities and varieties of vehicle structure. To establish the numerical model, many researchers have been developed designing tools for linking F.E. Analysis results and experimental results. There studies have generally focused on each experimental method or analytical method separately. There are few studies based on both methods. This paper conceives new procedure for the determination of the load direction and magnitude applied on mechanical structures. New procedure is the combination of the analytical and empirical method with analyzed strain by F.E. Analysis under unit load and with measured principal stress by strain gages under driving load, respectively. In this paper, we theorize the procedure of practical load determination and make the validity and the practicality of the procedure with the application to T-shape jointed structure. F.E. Analysis is conducted to get the principal stress on arbitrary points in the F.E. model of T-shape joint under unit load. Then experiment is carried out to get the principal stress on the same points of F.E. model. To demonstrate the actual driving condition, the load conditions are bending and torsion. From these two data sets, the magnitude, the direction and the position of load can be obtained. Theory and practice do not always coincide; since there are some errors such as ill-poseness, measuring error and modeling error in experimental data, we examine the proper method of error minimization.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to present a model for operating an emergency power system(EPS) that can secure a sufficient power supply used in case of a fire by analyzing the status of power supplies for emergency and firefighting operations. Investigations on the one of the causes of the operational failure of firefighting systems show evidence of EPS. Generally, when power to a building is interrupted, EPS supplies the emergency load(excepted firefighting load) first. When a power outage and a fire occur simultaneously, the EPS must be able to supply both the emergency load and the firefighting load, especially the firefighting load to the end. However, in order to save construction costs, emergency power generators in apartment, commercial, and business buildings can satisfy only one of the required loads. In cases like this, when a power outage and a fire occur simultaneously, there is a danger of firefighting equipment not operating due to insufficient power supply from the emergency generator. Therefore, an EPS must have a reserved firefighting power that can supply both the firefighting and the emergency load. Such EPS, when faced with a danger of an overload, will shut down the supply to all or part of the emergency load, thus securing a continuous power supply to the firefighting equipment. The generator power system with reserved firefighting power (RFP) will also have an indicator to show that the selective control is being used. General power generation systems for emergency load and firefighting load were found to have a demand factor of 50-60% with a lump. However, when installing an EPS, the builders must choose the higher demand factor suggested according to the official approval demand factor of the building.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.543-562
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• 2024

While the external axial compressive load is applied to only the shell edge of stringer-stiffened shell in the most of numerical and analytical previous studies (entitled as conventional approach), a part of external load is applied to the stringers in real conditions. It leads to decrease the accuracy of the axial buckling load calculated by the conventional eigenvalue analysis approach performed in the most of previous studies. In this study, the distribution of stress in the pre-buckling analysis was enhanced by applying the axial external compressive load to both shell and stringers to perform an accurate eigenvalue analysis of the stringer-stiffened composite shell. In this regard, a model was developed in FORTRAN environment to simulate the laminated stringer-stiffened shell under axial compressive load using finite strip method. The axial buckling load of the shell was obtained through eigenvalue analysis. A comparison was made between the results obtained from the model and those available in the previous studies to evaluate the validity of the results obtained from the model. Through a parametric study, the effects of different parameters such as stringer properties and composite layup on the buckling load of the shell under different loading patterns were investigated. The results indicated that in some cases, the axial buckling load obtained for the conventional approach used in the most of previous studies is significantly overestimated or underestimated due to neglecting the stringer in distribution of external load applied to the stringer-stiffened shell. According to the results obtained from the parametric study, some graphs were derived to show the accuracy of the axial buckling load obtained from the conventional approach utilized in the literature.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2018

For the efficient energy consumption in an urban railway station, it is necessary to know the patterns of electrical loads for each usage in detail. The electrical loads in an urban railway station have different characteristics from other normal electrical load, such as the peak load timing during a day. The lighting, HVAC, communication, and commercial loads make up large amount of electrical load for equipment in an urban railway station, and each of them has the unique specificity. These loads for each usage were estimated without measuring device by the polynomial regression method with big data such as total amount of electrical load and weather data. In the simulation with real data, the optimal polynomial regression model was third order polynomial regression model with 9 or 10 independent variables.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1645-1654
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• 2007

In this paper, we study the problem of load balancing routing in clustered-based wireless mesh network in order to enhance the overall network throughput. We first address the problems of cluster allocation in wireless mesh network to achieve load-balancing state. Due to the complexity of the problem, we proposed a simplified algorithm using gradient load-balancing model. This method searches for a localized optimal solution of cluster allocation instead of solving the optimal solution for overall network. To support for load-balancing algorithm and reduce complexity of topology control, we also introduce limited broadcasting between two clusters. This mechanism maintain shortest path between two nodes in adjacent clusters while minimizing the topology broadcasting complexity. The simulation experiments demonstrate that our proposed model achieve performance improvement in terms of network throughput in comparison with other clustering methods.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.720-726
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• 2001

This paper describes a vehicle driving-load estimation method for application to vehicle Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC). Vehicle driving-load consists of aerodynamic force, rolling resistance, and gravitational force due to road slope and is unknown disturbance in a vehicle dynamic model. The vehicle driving-load has been estimated from engine and wheel speed measurements using a vehicle dynamic model a least square method. The estimated driving-load has been used in the adaptation of throttle/brake control law. The performance of the control law has been investigated via both simulation and vehicle tests. The simulation and test results show that the proposed control law can provide satisfactory vehicle-to-vehicle distance control performance for various driving situations.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.749-756
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• 2006

Because of the orthotropic elastic properties and significant two-way bending action, orthotropic plate theory may be suitable for describing the behavior of concrete filled grid bridge decks. Current AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification(2004) has live load moment equations considering flexural rigidity ratio between longitudinal and transverse direction, but the Korea highway bridge design specification(2005) doesn't. The Korea highway bridge standard specification LRFD(1996) considers an orthotropic plate model with a single load to estimate live load moments in concrete filled grid bridge decks, which may not be conservative. This paper presents live load moment equations for truck and passenger car, based on orthotropic plate theory. The equations of truck model use multiple presence factor, impact factor, design truck and design tandem of the Korea highway bridge standard specification LRFD(1996). The estimated moments are verified through finite-element analyses.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.344-353
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• 1994

This study numerically analyzed the dynamic characteristics of the frequency response on the pneumatic transmission line with load impedances. The pressure transfer function is represented by the distributed parameter line model. To validate the mathematical approximations of Bessel function ratios, the results of frequency response in a blocked line were compared with those obtained by the Infinite-product, Brown's and Square-root approximations. Special emphasis was given to the frequency response characteristics on the pneumatic transmission line with load impedances. Computations were carried out for the wide range of parameters in terms of load capacitance ratio and load resistance ratio. The present results indicated that the theoretical model is capable of accurately predicting the frequency response characteristics for any configuration of a fluid transmission line.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is that investigates the Natural Frequency behavior characteristic of wind turbine jacket type tower model, and calculated that the stress values of thrust load, wave load, wind load, current loda, gravity load, etc., environment evaluation analysis during static operating wind turbine jacket type tower model, carried out of natural frequency analysis of total load case to stress matrix, frequency calculated that calculated add natural frequency to stiffness matrix for determinant to stress results. The finite element analysis is performed with commercial F.E.M program (ANSYS) on the basis of the natural frequency and mode shape.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.397-404
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• 2002

The bearing capacity of open-ended piles is affected by the degree of soil plugging, which is quantified by the IFR. There is not at present a design criterion for open-ended piles that explicitly considers the effect of IFR on pile load capacity In order to investigate this effect, model pile load tests using a calibration chamber were conducted on instrumented open-ended piles. The results of these tests show that the IFR increases with increasing relative density and increasing horizontal stress of soils. The unit base and shaft resistances decrease with increasing IFR. Based on the results of the model pile tests, new empirical relations for base load capacity and shaft load capacity of open-ended piles are proposed. In order to check the accuracy of predictions made with the proposed equations, the equations were applied to the full-scale pile load test preformed in this study, Based on the comparisons with the pile load test results, the proposed equations appear to produce satisfactory predictions.