• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2010

모형실험과 유한요소법에 의한 수치해석을 통하여 측방변형지반 속에 설치된 매설관에 작용하는 측방토압을 관찰하였다. 모형실험에서는 모형지반 속에 매설관을 설치한 후 모형지반에 측방변형이 발생될 수 있게 모형실험기를 제작하여 실제 지반에서의 상황을 시뮬레이션하였다. 이 모형실험기는 지반의 변형속도를 여러 가지로 조절할 수 있게 제작하였다. 여러 가지 직경과 형상의 매설관에 대하여 실험을 실시함으로써 이들 요인이 측방토압에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 모형실험결과 연약지반의 측방유동으로 인하여 매설관에 작용하는 측방하중은 연약지반의 측방변형속도가 빠를수록 크게 작용하였다. 순간재하 조건에 의한 수치해석 결과는 지반변형속도가 중간 정도 빠르기인 0.3mm/min에서 1.0mm/min 사이의 지반변형속도의 조건에서 실시한 모형실험 결과와 유사하였다. 대부분의 모형실험결과 지반변형량이 작은 시점에서 측방하중의 제1항복이 발생하며 이때까지 탄성변형거동을 보이다가 제2항복에 이르기까지 하중이 한 동안 수렴되는 소성거동을 보였다. 지반변형이 계속하여 증가하면 측방하중도 다시 증가하여 압축거동을 보였다. 그러나 빠른 지반변형속도에서의 실험 결과에서는 항복하중에 도달한 후 수렴과정이 없이 계속하여 하중이 증가하였음을 볼 수 있다. 매설관의 직경이 클수록 측방유동 연약지반 속에 설치된 매설관에 작용하는 측방하중의 크기와 하중증가 속도가 컸으며 초기지반변형에서는 측방하중이 매설관의 직경 및 형상의 영향을 적게 받지만 지반변형량이 증가함에 따라 그 영향이 크게 나타났다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2014

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 abfraction병소가 있는 금속도재관수복 치아를 수복하거나 하지 않을 때 나타나는 응력집중과 분포를 유한요소분석으로 평가하는 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 상악 제1 소구치를 선정하여 총 10개의 유한요소모델을 만들었다. 모델 1은 자연치; 모델 2는 협측과구개측 백악법랑경계 상방 2 mm에 변연이 위치한 금속도재관; 모델 3은 협측과구개측 백악법랑경계에 변연이 위치한 금속도재관; 모델 4는 abfraction병소를 가진 자연치; 모델 5와 6은 다른 조건은 각각 모델 2와 3과 동일하면서 abfraction병소를 가진 치아; 모델 7은 abfraction병소를 가지고 composite resin으로 수복된 자연치;모델 8과 9는 각각 모델 5와 6과 동일한 모델에 abfraction병소를 composite resin으로 수복한 후 금속도재관 장착한 치아; 모델 10은 composite resin으로 abfraction lesion을 수복하고 금속도재관의변연을 abfraction병소보다 하방에 위치시킨 치아였다. 위치를 서로 달리한 하중 load A와 load B를 가하여, 각 기준점에서의 von Mises stress값들을 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: Abfraction병소가 있는 치아에 load A 또는 load B를 주었을 때, 응력은 lesion의 apex에 집중되었다. 반면, abfraction병소를 composite resin으로 충전한 치아에 load A 또는 load B를 주었을 때 응력값은 apex에서 감소하였다. 결론: Abfraction이 있는 치아는 복합 레진으로 수복해주는 것이 응력의 집중을 줄여서 병소의 예후에 유리한 것으로 나타났으며, Abfraction이 발생된 치아를 금속 도재관으로 수복할 경우 협측변연을 법랑질 상에 위치시키는 것이 유리하였다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

This paper is proposed mathematical load modelling based on system identification approach of energy consumption of residential air conditioning. Due to air conditioning is one of the significant equipment which consumes high energy and cause the peak load of power system especially in the summer time. The demand response is one of the solutions to decrease the load consumption and cutting peak load to avoid the reservation of power supply from power plant. In order to operate this solution, mathematical modelling of air conditioning which explains the behaviour is essential tool. The four type of linear model is selected for explanation the behaviour of this system. In order to obtain model, the experimental setup are performed by collecting input and output data every minute of 9,385 BTU/h air-conditioning split type with $25^{\circ}C$ thermostat setting of one sample house. The input data are composed of solar radiation ($W/m^2$) and ambient temperature ($^{\circ}C$). The output data are power and energy consumption of air conditioning. Both data are divided into two groups follow as training data and validation data for getting the exact model. The model is also verified with the other similar type of air condition by feed solar radiation and ambient temperature input data and compare the output energy consumption data. The best model in term of accuracy and model order is output error model with 70.78% accuracy and $17^{th}$ order. The model order reduction technique is used to reduce order of model to seven order for less complexity, then Kalman filtering technique is applied for remove white Gaussian noise for improve accuracy of model to be 72.66%. The obtained model can be also used for electrical load forecasting and designs the optimal size of renewable energy such photovoltaic system for supply the air conditioning.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.589-599
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• 2016

Implemented since 2004, TPLC (Total Pollution Load Control) is the most powerful water-quality protection program. Recently, uncertainty of prediction using steady state model increased due to changing water environments, and necessity of a dynamic state model, especially the watershed model, gained importance. For application of watershed model on TPLC, it needs to be feasible to adjust the relationship (mass-balance) between discharged loads estimated by technical guidance, and arrived loads based on observed data at the watershed outlet. However, at HSPF, simulation is performed as a semi-distributed model (lumped model) in a sub-basin. Therefore, if the estimated discharged loads from individual pollution source is directly entered as the point source data into the RCHRES module (without delivery ratio), the pollutant load is not reduced properly until it reaches the outlet of the sub-basin. The hypothetic RCHRES generated using the HSPF BMP Reach Toolkit was applied to solve this problem (although this is not the original application of Reach Toolkit). It was observed that the impact of discharged load according to spatial distribution of pollution sources in a sub-basin, could be expressed by multi-segmentation of the hypothetical RCHRES. Thus, the discharged pollutant load could be adjusted easily by modification of the infiltration rate or characteristics of flow control devices.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2003

An elastomeric bushing is a device used in automotive suspension systems to reduce the load transmitted from the wheel to the frame of the vehicle. A bushing is an elastomeric hollow cylinder which is bonded to a solid steel shaft at its inner surface and a steel sleeve at its outer surface. The relation between the load applied to the shaft or sleeve and the relative deformation of elastomeric bushing is nonlinear and exhibits features of viscoelasticity. A load-displacement relation for elastomeric bushing is important for dynamic numerical simulations. A boundary value problem for the bushing response leads to the load-displacement relation which requires complex calculations. Therefore, by modifying the constitutive equation fur a nonlinear viscoelastic incompressible material developed by Lianis, the data fur the elastomeric bushing material was obtained and this data was used to derive the new load-displacement relation for radial response of the bushing. After the load relaxation function for the bushing is obtained from the step displacement control test, Pipkin-Rogers model was developed, Solutions were allowed fur comparison between the results of Modified Lianis model and those of the proposed model. It is shown that the proposed Pipkin-Rogers model is in very good agreement with Modified Lianis model.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.415-419
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• 2003

An elastomeric bushing is a device used in automotive suspension systems to reduce the load transmitted from the wheel to the frame of the vehicle. A bushing is an elastomeric hollow cylinder which is bonded to a solid steel shaft at its inner surface and a steel sleeve at its outer surface. The relation between the load applied to the shaft or sleeve and the relative deformation of elastomeric bushing is nonlinear and exhibits features of viscoelasticity. A load-displacement relation for elastomeric bushing is important for dynamic numerical simulations. A boundary value problem for the bushing response leads to the load-displacement relation which requires complex calculations. Therefore, by modifying the constitutive equation for a nonlinear viscoelastic incompressible material developed by Lianis, the data for the elastomeric bushing material was obtained and this data was used to derive the new load-displacement for radial response of the bushing. After the load relaxation function for the bushing is obtained from the step displacement control test, Pipkin-Rogers model was developed. Solutions were allowed for comparison between the results of Modified Lianis model and those of the proposed model. It is shown that the proposed Pipkin-Rogers model is in very good agreement with Modified Lianis model.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2017

There are two methods to model the plastification of members comprising lumped and distributed plasticity. When a reinforced concrete member experiences inelastic deformations, cracks tend to spread from the joint interface resulting in a curvature distribution; therefore, the lumped plasticity methods assuming plasticity is concentrated at a zero-length plastic hinge section at the ends of the elements, cannot model the actual behavior of reinforced concrete members. Some spread plasticity models including uniform, linear and recently power have been developed to take extended inelastic zone into account. In the aforementioned models, the extended inelastic zones in proximity of critical sections assumed close to connections are considered. Although the mentioned assumption is proper for the buildings simply imposed lateral loads, it is not appropriate for the gravity load effects. The gravity load effects can influence the inelastic zones in structural elements; therefore, the plasticity models presenting the flexibility distribution along the member merely based on lateral loads apart from the gravity load effects can bring about incorrect stiffness matrix for structure. In this study, the linear flexibility distribution model is improved to account for the distributed plasticity of members subjected to both gravity and lateral load effects. To do so, a new model in which, each member is taken as one structural element into account is proposed. Some numerical examples from previous studies are assessed and outcomes confirm the accuracy of proposed model. Also comparing the results of the proposed model with other spread plasticity models illustrates glaring error produced due to neglecting the gravity load effects.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권11호
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• pp.1497-1502
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• 2014

Electric load forecasting is essential for stable electric power supply, efficient operation and management of power systems, and safe operation of power generation systems. The results are utilized in generator preventive maintenance planning and the systemization of power reserve management. Development and improvement of electric load forecasting model is necessary for power system maintenance and operation. This paper proposes daily maximum electric load forecasting methods for the next 4 weeks with a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model and an exponential smoothing model. According to the results of forecasting of daily maximum electric load forecasting for the next 4 weeks of March, April, November 2010~2012 using the constructed forecasting models, the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model showed an average error rate of 6,66%, 5.26%, 3.61% respectively and the exponential smoothing model showed an average error rate of 3.82%, 4.07%, 3.59% respectively.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.703-708
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• 2002

An elastomeric bushing is a device used in automotive suspension systems to reduce the load transmitted from the wheel to the frame of the vehicle. A bushing is an elastomeric hollow cylinder which is bonded to a solid steel shaft at its inner surface and a steel sleeve at its outer surface. The relation between the load applied to the shaft or sleeve and the relative deformation of Elastomeric bushing is nonlinear and exhibits features of viscoelasticity. A load-displacement relation fur elastomeric bushing is important fur dynamic numerical simulations. A boundary value problem for the bushing response leads to the load-displacement relation which requires complex calculations and is hence unsuitable. Therefore, by modifying the constitutive equation for a nonlinear viscoelastic incompressible material developed by Lianis, the data fur the elastomeric bushing material was obtained and this data was used to derive the new load-displacement relation fur radial response of the bushing. After the load relaxation function for the bushing is obtained from the step displacement control test, Pipkin-Rogers model was developed. Solutions were allowed for comparison between the results of Modified Lianis model and those of the proposed model. It is shown that the proposed Pipkin-Rogers model is in very good agreement with Modified Lianis model.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2004

An elastomeric bushing is a device used in automotive suspension systems to reduce the load transmitted from the wheel to the frame of the vehicle. The relation between the load applied to the shaft or sleeve and the relative displacement of elastomeric bushing is nonlinear and exhibits features of viscoelasticity. A load-displacement relation for elastomeric bushing is important fur dynamic numerical simulations. A boundary value problem fur the bushing response leads to the load-displacement relation, which requires complex calculations. Therefore, by modifying the constitutive equation for a nonlinear viscoelastic incompressible material developed by Lianis, the data for the elastomeric bushing material was obtained and this data was used to derive the new load-displacement relation for radial response of the bushing. After the load relaxation function for the bushing was obtained from the step displacement control test, Pipkin-Rogers model was developed. Solutions were allowed for comparison between the results of the modified Lianis model and those of the proposed model. It was shown that the proposed Pipkin-Rogers model was in very good agreement with the modified Lianis model.