• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.490-510
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• 2023

Feed safety is needed to produce and provide safe animal feeds for consumers, animals, and the environment. Although feed safety regulations have been set for each country, there is a lack of clear feed safety regulations for each livestock. Feed safety regulations are mainly focused on heavy metals, mycotoxins, and pesticides. Each country has different safe levels of hazardous materials in diets. Safe levels of hazardous materials in diets are mostly set for mixed diets of general livestock. Although there is a difference in the metabolism of toxic materials among animals, the safe level of feed is not specific for individual animals. Therefore, standardized animal testing methods and toxicity studies for each animal are needed to determine the correct safe and toxic levels of hazardous materials in diets. If this goal is achieved, it will be possible to improve livestock productivity, health, and product safety by establishing appropriate feed safety regulations. It will also provide an opportunity to secure consumer confidence in feed and livestock products. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a scientific feed safety evaluation system suitable for each country's environment. The chance of outbreaks of new hazardous materials is increasing. Thus, to set up appropriate toxic levels or safe levels in feed, various toxicity methods have been used to determine toxic levels of hazardous materials for humans and animals. Appropriate toxic testing methods should be developed and used to accurately set up and identify toxicity and safe levels in food and feed.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.29-48
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• 2003

It is remarkable that nuclear transfer using differentiated donor cells can produce physiologically normal cloned animals, but the process is inefficient and highly prone to epigenetic errors. Aberrant patterns of gene expression in clones contribute to the cumulative losses and abnormal phenotypes observed throughout development. Any long lasting effects from cloning, as revealed in some mouse studies, need to be comprehensively evaluated in cloned livestock. These issues raise animal welfare concerns that currently limit the acceptability and applicability of the technology. It is expected that improved reprogramming of the donor genome will increase cloning efficiencies realising a wide range of new agricultural and medical opportunities. Efficient cloning potentially enables rapid dissemination of elite genotypes from nucleus herds to commercial producers. Initial commercialisation will, however, focus on producing small numbers of high value animals for natural breeding especially clones of progeny-tested sires. The continual advances in animal genomics towards the identification of genes that influence livestock production traits and human health increase the ability to genetically modify animals to enhance agricultural efficiency and produce superior quality food and biomedical products for niche markets. The potential opportunities inanimal agriculture are more challenging than those in biomedicine as they require greater biological efficiency at reduced cost to be economically viable and because of the more difficult consumer acceptance issues. Nevertheless, cloning and transgenesis are being used together to increase the genetic merit of livestock; however, the integration of this technology into farming systems remains some distance in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.1105-1109
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• 2023

Pedi coccus acidilactici CACC 537 was isolated from canine feces and reported to have probiotic properties. We aimed to characterize the potential probiotic properties of this strain by functional genomic analysis. Complete genome sequencing of P. acidilactici CACC 537 was performed using a PacBio RSII and Illumina platform, and contained one circular chromosome (2.0 Mb) with a 42% G + C content. The sequences were annotation revealed 1,897 protein-coding sequences, 15 rRNAs, and 56 tRNAs. It was determined that P. acidilactici CACC 537 genome carries genes known to be involved in the immune system, defense mechanisms, restriction-modification (R-M), and the CRISPR system. CACC 537 was shown to be beneficial in preventing pathogen infection during the fermentation process, help host immunity, and maintain intestinal health. These results provide for a comprehensive understanding of P. acidilactici and the development of industrial probiotic feed additives that can help improve host immunity and intestinal health.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.325-340
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• 2005

Great success has been being achieved in identification and utilization of candidate genes affecting economically important as well as disease related traits in animals for the past two decades. This article reviews the current status of candidate genes in animals, with particular emphasis on the disease causing genes in livestock. Two different types of phenotypes, monogenic and polygenic, are also described. Finally, commercialized animal DNA markers, which can be used for the molecular breeding in near future, are discussed.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.3-17
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• 1993

The composting process is a suitable to dispose the livestock manure in terms of resources recovery. However the performence of composting process is greatly affected by the environmental conditions such as characteristics of manure, type of the bulking agent, initial moisture contents, temperature, recycle and so on. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the optimum environmental conditions of composting process for livestock manures. The analytical results indicated that no bulking agent was necessary for the cow manure because of the proper C/N ratio. However the pig manure required a bulking agent since the pig manure had not only low in C/N ration but poor ventilation characteristics. In addtion, the initial miosture content for optimum composting appeared to be about 60%. The temperature control was also an essential factor to enhance the activity of thermophilic microorganisms in the laboratory composting unit. It was further found that the recycle of composts may contributed the completion of composting precess as well as C/N ratio reduction and moisture control.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1464-1467
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• 2021

Bacillus coagulans CACC 834 was isolated from canine feces, and its potential probiotic properties were characterized by functional genome analysis. Whole-genome sequencing of B. coagulans CACC 834 was performed using the PacBio RSII platforms. The complete genome assembly consisted of one circular chromosome (3.1 Mb) with guanine (G) + cytosine (C) content of 47.1%. Annotation revealed 3,181 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), 30 rRNAs, and 83 tRNAs. Gene associated 11% of the genes were involved in replication, recombination, and repair. We also annotated various stress-related, acid resistance, bile salt resistance and adhesion-related domains in this strain, which likely provide support in exerting probiotic action by survival under gastrointestinal tract. These results add to our comprehensive understanding of B. coagulans and suggest potential mammal-related industrial applications.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.2-22
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• 2022

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is one of the representative non-destructive and eco-friendly analysis methods used for rapid analysis of various ingredients in the food industry. To develop analysis model with NIRS, Chemometrics are applied after pre-treatment of spectrum. Many studies have been reviewed on the analysis of general and functional components for agricultural and livestock products. In the case of livestock products, some studies have been conducted for on-line analysis. This study investigated results on various samples and component applying near-infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the results according to sample condition were compared. It was confirmed that NIRS is applied to various fields in the food industry.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2_spc호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2023

Genetic modification enables modification of target genes or genome structure in livestock and experimental animals. These technologies have not only advanced bioscience but also improved agricultural productivity. To introduce a foreign transgene, the piggyBac transposon element/transposase system could be used for production of transgenic animals and specific target protein-expressing animal cells. In addition, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system have been utilized to generate chickens with knockout of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and myostatin, which are related to lipid deposition and muscle growth, respectively. These experimental chickens could be the invaluable genetic resources to investigate the regulatory pathways and mechanisms of improvement of economic traits such as fat quantity and growth. The gene-edited animals could also be applicable to the livestock industry.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1998

The study was conducted to analyze the directions of domestic production and import of livestock machinery and to propose their direction of development. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. Most of livestock machinery for feeding and watering systems are manufactured by a domestic skill. But their performances and know-how are behind those of the advanced countries. 2. The know-how and ratios of the market share of feeding systems for pigs are evaluated high, but researches of total automatic systems for them are very insufficient. 3. Feeding and milking systems for milk-cow are in the conditions of a weak technologies, which should be studied in the future.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide information for the livestock for the livestock carcass composting operation in agricultural waste management. Burial, landfilling and incineration of livestock carcass may have environmental regulatory and economic liabilities. Dead animals amended with agricultural residues can be composted and used to promote soil fertility and reduce environmental pollution. In this study we evaluated the effect of amendments on the primary and secondary composting reaction and stability of compost. The full-scale composting bin of swine carcass in roofed system with three amendments was adequate in reaching sufficient temperature above 55$^{\circ}C$ long enough to kill the pathogen. The average temperature of the compost material in dead swine amended with corn stover increased rapidly to 64$^{\circ}C$ on the 2nd day after primary composting and dropped to near ambient temperature on the 140th day of composting. The composting with of corn stover and wheat straw are more efficient for swine carcass composting than that of sawdust. Therefore, the amendment property is an important factor in the design of composting facility.