• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1115-1119
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the difference between satellite cells (porcine) and myoblasts (C2C12) in their differentiation under the influence of 2, 4-thiazolidindion. C2C12 myoblast cells and porcine satellite cells (isolated from 10 d old $Landrace{\times}Duroc$ piglets) were grown to absolute confluency. Post confluent cells (day 0) were further exposed to adipogenic induction medium along with 2, 4-thiazolidindion ($8{\mu}M$) for 2 d. Thereafter, cells were exposed to 2, 4-thiazolidindion alone every 2 d till day 10 and analysed. The control was cultured in differentiation medium without any treatment. Increased (p<0.05) expression of transcriptional factors i.e. C/EBP-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ and transition of cells to adipocyte morphology was noticed from 2 d and 4 d onwards in satellite cells (Porcine) and myoblasts (C2C12) respectively. Myogenesis was observed to be suppressed completely in case of satellite cells compared to myoblasts in response to 2, 4-thiazolidindion. Pax-7 (transcriptional factor) appeared as a sole entity to satellite cells only, as it was not identified in case of myoblasts. Although both the cells were converting to adipoblasts, the degree of their conversion was different in response to 2, 4-thiazolidindion. Therefore, the hypothesis that satellite cells contribute various domains to the growing myoblasts appeared obscured and found to be dependent on the proliferative energy/or degree of fusion. However, it revealed satellite cells as currency to myoblasts/muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.432-439
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• 2007

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act as potent activators of the adipose differentiation program in established preadipose cell lines. TZD's have also been investigated in diabetic patients and reported to act as PPAR-${\gamma}$ ligands. In this report, the effects of TZDs on the differentiation pathway of myoblasts have been investigated. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles medium for 4-5 days until they reached almost 100% confluency. Post-confluent cells (day 0) were further exposed to adipogenic induction medium along with TZDs for 48 hours. Thereafter, cells were exposed only to TZDs every 48 h until day 10. The control was provided with differentiation medium without any treatment. Alterations in the cells during the differentiation programme were analyzed on the basis of fusion index, oil-red-o staining, adipocyte index, adipocyte stain uptake measurement, immuno-histochemistry and western blotting. Exposure of C2C12 mouse myoblasts to TZDs prevented the expression of myosin heavy chain with parallel increase in the expression of C/EBP-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ and acquisition of adipocyte morphology, thus abolishing the formation of multinucleated myotubes. TZDs exert their adipogenic effects only in non-terminally differentiated myoblasts; myotubes were insensitive to the compound. Continuous exposure (at least 4-5 doses) to inducers after the growth arrest was essential to provide a sustained environment to the cells converting to fully matured adipoctyes. The results indicate that TZDs specifically converted the differentiation pathway of myoblasts into that of adipoblasts.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2009

HACCP is a scientific and systematic program that identifies specific hazards and gives measures for their control to ensure the safety of foods. Based on the Livestock Products Processing Act, the HACCP system is now being applied to Korean livestock products since December 1997, and Korea is accelerating its application from farm to table, including in farms, slaughterhouses, livestock product industries, retail markets, and transportation. The transport of livestock and its products is one of the vulnerable sectors in terms of food safety in Korea. Meats are transported in trucks in the form of carcasses or packaged meats in boxes. Carcasses may be exposed to microbiological, physical, and chemical hazards from the environment or through cross-contamination from other meats. Poor cleaning or maintenance of vehicles and tools may also raise the exposure of carcasses to microbiological or chemical hazards. HACCP application and its acceleration in distribution, particularly in transport, is regarded as critical to the provision to consumers of ultimately safe livestock products. To achieve this goal, steady efforts to develop practical tools for HACCP application should be carried out.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.761-769
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• 2022

The Livestock Raw Material Purchase Fund is a policy to increase the export of livestock products by providing loans to exporters of livestock products (including byproducts). The policy started in 2015 and the annual budget is about 26 billion won. However, a quantitative evaluation of policy effects has not yet been made. Therefore, in this study, the economic surplus of the policy was analyzed using the equilibrium displacement model (EDM). From the results of the welfare analysis, from 2016 to 2019, producer surplus in the chicken and duck market increased by KRW 70.9 billion, while consumer surplus decreased by KRW 70 billion. In other words, the total economic surplus of the chicken and duck market increased by about one billion won during the same period due to the increase in export demand according to the policy. Therefore, the Livestock Raw Material Purchase Fund can be viewed as a policy to maintain and increase export demand for export livestock products and to improve the economic surplus of the livestock product market. Also, since the policy is based on loans, it does not place a burden on the government's finances. Therefore, this policy should continue in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 1993

The effect of dietary lipid factors (plant and animal oil, cholesterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) on the liver, serum, and egg yolk cholesterol levels of the laying hen was studied. Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens, at 28 weeks of age, were fed two basal diets containing 8.0% soybean oil or 8.0% fish oil, with or without supplemental cholesterol (1.0%), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (2.0%) or combinations of both. Restricting caloric intake resulted in significantly (p<.05) decreased egg production and the total amount of cholesterol excreted via the egg was significantly (p<.05) different among treatment groups. Cholesterol supplementation to the two basal diets resulted in a significant elevation of liver, serum and egg yolk cholesterol levels. The addition of ${\beta}$-sitosterol lowered the cholesterol levels in liver and serum, while increased in the egg yolk (SO + ST, FO + ST). The anticholesterogenic effect of dietary ${\beta}$-sitosterol was not clearly exhibited in this study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate crucial factors on HACCP system implementation in domestic livestock product plants, and to offer job satisfaction and the career prospect of HACCP system operators. The survey was carried out by selecting 150 HACCP system operators who implemented HACCP system. The respondents claimed that the most important contents in HACCP system operation were to assemble HACCP team (21.8%), and the second was to monitoring (20.0%). Documentation and recording (16.9%) and verification (11.1%) were followed. The respondents answered the major factor in sanitation management was cleaning/washing/disinfection (18.9%) and inspection (18.4%). The results showed that there were significant differences in the prospect of occupation in HACCP system operator by the gender (p < 0.015), age, livestock product facilities, service period, and position (p < 0.001). The respondents from HACCP system operator were satisfied with their job (73%) and also showed optimistic prospect of occupation (82%).

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.194-200
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• 2024

In the past, antibiotics and antimicrobial substances have been used for the purpose of promoting the growth of livestock or treating livestock, but various problems such as the presence of livestock products or resistant bacteria have emerged. Recently, regulations on the use of antibiotics have been strengthened worldwide, and probiotics are attracting attention as an alternative. Probiotic microorganisms have already been used for human use, such as intestinal abnormal fermentation, diarrhea, and indigestion. In livestock, beneficial microorganisms are increasing in use for the purpose of improving productivity, such as promoting livestock development and preventing diarrhea. Therefore, it is advisable to understand livestock probiotics in deeper and think about effective uses. The role of probiotics in the livestock sector is made with microorganisms themselves, so it is a substance that promotes livestock growth and improves feed efficiency by settling in the intestines of livestock, suppressing the growth of other harmful microorganisms, helping digestion and absorption of ingested feed, and helping to synthesize other nutrients. There is a need for a probiotic that suppresses intestinal bacteria by supplying probiotics used as a means to minimize the effects of stress in livestock management, thereby suppressing disease outbreaks by maintaining beneficial microorganisms and suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this paper is to develop a brand of feed additive probiotics to improve health conditions due to increased feed intake, improve the efficiency of use of feed nutrients, inhibit the decomposition and production of toxic substances, increase immunity, reduce odor in livestock, and improve the environment. We investigated and analyzed feed additive probiotics already on the market, and developed the naming and logo of suitable feed additive probiotic brands in livestock. We hoped that the newly developed product will be used in the field and help solve problems in the livestock field.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.599-611
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• 2009

This article concerns the labeling guideline for health benefits of livestock products. In recent years, livestock products with health benefits have emerged as a key market for livestock product industries. However, the current labeling regulation for functional foods severely prohibits livestock product industries from attaching most of the health benefits claims to the products. Also, manufacturers have some difficulties in labeling the health benefits of certain livestock products because of a lack of guidelines on health benefit claims for livestock products. Therefore, some livestock product industries and scientists have strongly demanded a revision of labeling regulation, Appended Chart No. 14 provided by Article 52 (2) of Enforcement Regulation of the Processing of Livestock Products Act, so they could mark the health benefits on their products. To support the 'revision of labeling regulation', the goals of this article were as follows; 1) to assess the current situation on nutrition labeling and nutrition claims on foods, 2) to determine the current situation on health claim regulatory systems used in foreign countries (CODEX, USA, Japan, EU, and Australia/New Zealand), 3) to assess the current situation on the health claim or health benefit claim regulations for functional foods, conventional foods, and livestock products in Korea, and 4) to determine the need for complement in health benefit claim for livestock products. In conclusion, guidelines for the use of health benefit claims on livestock products should be prepared as soon as possible and the guidelines should be viable and easy for manufacturers and control authorities to understand. Also, nutrient profiles should be developed to identify whether the livestock products are eligible to bear health benefit claims and to help consumers make the right choices.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1319-1325
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• 2000

Antimicrobial effects of the specific IgY separated from eggs which were laid by hens vaccinated with Streptococcus mutans were investigated. The comparison tests of vaccination, addition levels of crude specific IgY, and innoculation concentration were applied by microscopic observation and turbidity test. Ten% addition of crude specific IgY obtained from vaccinated hens showed agglomerative clusters of S. mutans cells in supernatants and sediments, while crude IgY produced by non-vaccinated hens showed no cluster. IgY addition above 5% showed agglutinating clusters of most S. mutans cells and there was definite difference between IgY addition below 2.5% and above 5%. Concentration tests of crude IgY revealed that antimicrobial effects were differentiated by addition level and addition over 10% produced satisfactory results with turbidity test. The cluster size was dependent upon concentration of crude IgY addition. $10^5\;cfu/mL$ inoculation showed agglutinated cells and extent of agglomeration was proportional to cell numbers. Study of inoculation levels showed that 10% addition of crude IgY decreased turbidity effectively regardless of number of S. mutans cells. Plaque formation decreased to 75% with 15% addition of specific IgY concentration. These results implied that IgY separated from eggs laid by S. mutans-vaccinated hens might prevent dental caries caused by S. mutans.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.515-522
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• 2009

This study was to develope the functional work clothing for livestock farmers. Major demanding performances for livestock work clothing are anti-soil and anti-bacterial properties. On surveys, functional fabrics that have anti-soil, anti-bacterial and waterrepellent performances were developed and the work clothing that have adaptability to body movements were manufactured. The designs of livestock working clothes were two piece and one piece with rubber bade in waist. The thermal responses of subjects wearing the winter working clothes for stock farming worker were measured in the climate chamber($17^{\circ}C$, 40% R.H.). The main results were summarized as follows: Total body weight loss was smaller and the mean skin temperature was higher in developed clothes than the market product. Clothing micro-climate of developed clothes was lower than the market clothes. Subjective sensation did not have significant differences. From the results of various evaluation, developed garments for livestock workers showed better efficiency than the market product.