• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 2020

Purpose: To investigate the impact of omega-3-enriched lipid emulsion (LE) on liver enzyme (aspartate transaminase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and triglyceride (TG) levels of children undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This experimental randomized controlled group pretest-posttest design study included 14 children who underwent gastrointestinal surgery due to duodenal atresia, jejunal atresia, esophageal atresia, and need for parenteral nutrition for a minimum of 3 days at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya between August 2018 and January 2019. These children were divided into two groups, those who received standard intravenous LE (medium-chain triglyceride [MCT]/long-chain triglyceride [LCT]) and those who received intravenous omega-3-enriched LE. Differences in AST, ALT, and TG levels were measured before surgery and 3 days after the administration of parenteral nutrition. Results: Liver enzyme and TG levels in each group did not differ significantly before versus 3 days after surgery. However, TG levels were significantly lower in the omega-3-enriched intravenous LE group (p=0.041) at 3 days after surgery, and statistically significant difference in changes in TG levels was noted at 3 days after surgery between MCT/LCT intravenous LE group and the omega-3-enriched intravenous LE group (p=0.008). Conclusion: The intravenous omega-3-enriched LE had a better TG-lowering effect than the MCT/LCT intravenous LE in children undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2007

Hydroxyproline (HYP) is a post-translational product of proline hydroxylation catalyzed by an enzyme prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) which plays a crucial role in the synthesis of all collagens. Considering the role of collagen and its significance in many clinically important diseases such as liver fibrosis, a great deal of attention has been directed toward the development of an assay at cell-based system. The reason is that cell-based assay system is more efficient than enzyme-based in vitro system and takes much less time than in vivo system. Several assay procedures developed for P4H are laborious, time-consuming and not feasible for the massive-screening. Here, we report the cell-based assay method of prolyl 4-hydroxylase in immortalized rat hepatic stellate HSC-T6 cells. To optimize the cell culture condition to assay for HYP content, various concentrations of reagents were treated for different times in HSC-T6 cells. Our data showed that the treatment with ascorbate in a hypoxic condition for 24 h resulted in the maximal increase of HYP by 1.8 fold. Alternatively, cobalt chloride ($5\;{\mu}M$) and ascorbate ($50\;{\mu}M$) in normoxic states exhibited similar effect on the production of HYP as in a hypoxic condition. Therefore, cobalt chloride can be substituted for a hypoxic condition when an anaerobic chamber is not available. Rosiglitazone and HOE077, known as inhibitors of collagen, synthesis decreased P4H enzyme activity by 32.3% and 15%, respectively, which coincided with previous reports from liver tissues. The level of the smooth muscle ${\alpha}$-actin, a marker of activated stellate cells, was significantly increased under hypoxia, suggesting that our experimental condition could work for screening the anti-fibrotic compounds. The assay procedure took only 3 days after treatment with agents, while assays from the primary stellate cells or liver tissues have taken several weeks. Considering the time and expenses, this assay method could be useful to screen the compounds for the inhibitor of prolyl 4-hydroxylase.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.90-103
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• 2008

Objective : This study wascarried out to understand the effect of Sopyung-tang (SPT) on blood glucose & antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : SD rats were separated into three groups, each with 20 rats. Except the normal group, the other two groups were intra-peritoneally injected with streptozotocin 6mg/kg. The experimental group was treated with SPT extract 500mgkg/day for 4 weeks. The normal and control groups were treated with saline 500mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Changes of plasma glucose level and body weight were observed. After4 weeks, liver and kidney weight, antioxidant enzyme activities, and survival rate were observed with histological changes on liver, kidney and pancreas. Results : In the experimental group, body weight and survival rate increased, while plasma glucose level decreased significantly. Liver and kidney weight, XOD activity decreased in the experimental group compared to the control. GSH-px and CAT activities andinsulin-immunoreactive granules in ${\beta}-cells$ increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control. Conclusions : This study shows that SPT might be effective for treatment of diabetes and its complications, as well as reduction of oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.428-436
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• 2010

Sea-urchins (Anthocidaris crassispina) are widely distributed in the East Sea of Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of sea-urchin roe on bromobenzene (BB)-induced liver damage in rats. The antioxidative and detoxifying properties of sea-urchin roe in BB-poisoned rat liver was examined by chemical analysis of serum aminotransferase (AST, ALT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase, epoxide hydrolase, amino-N-demethylase (AD), aniline hydrolase (AH) enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxide and glutathione contents. Sea-urchin roe inhibited the increase of serum AST, ALT enzyme activity. Increasing lipid peroxide contents and AD and AH activities were significantly decreased in ethanol extract of sea-urchin roe. GST, $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase and epoxide hydrolase enzyme activities increased in sea-urchin roe-fed group, compared with the BB-treated group. These results suggest that sea-urchin roe facilitates recovery from liver damage by enhancing antioxidative defense mechanisms and hepatic detoxication metabolism.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.355-366
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• 2001

Objectives : Oldenlandiae Diffusae herba has been used as a natural drug for tumor, inflammation and liver disease in traditional medicine. This study was performed in order to investigate the antioxidative effects of Oldenlandiae Diffusae herba methanol extract(ODHM) on acetaminophen induced acute liver injury in mice. Methods : In order to investigate the protective effect of ODHM on acute hepatic injury in vivo, ICR mice were pretreated with ODHM, and then treated with acetaminophen(500mg/kg). And the levels of LPO and glutathione(GSH), antioxidative enzyme activities were measured. The levels of LPO were measured by TBA method. And catalase activity was measured as the decrease in hydrogen peroxide absorbance at 240nm on spectrophotometer using 30mM hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) was assayed by recording the inhibition of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction with xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activity was determined by the modified coupled assay developed by Paglia and Lawrence. The reaction was started by addition of 2.2mM hydrogen peroxide as substrate. The change in absorbance at 340nm was measured for 1min on spectrophotometer. Glutathione-S-transferase(GST) activity was assayed with CDNB as substrate and enzyme activity of GST towards the glutathione conjugation of CDNB. And Total SH and GSH levels were measured. Results : In vivo study, LPO levels of acetaminophen treatment group were significantly higher than other groups. This increased level was significantly reduced by ODHM pretreatment. The acetaminophen treatment resulted in a decrease of catalase, GPX, SOD and GST activities. By contrast, ODHM pretreatment markedly increased compare to those of untreated groups. Total SH and GSH levels were reduced by of acetaminophen treatment, and ODHM pretreatment significantly increased GSH levels.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.221-230
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• 1984

The activities of aminopyrine demethylase which is marker enzyme of the microsomal drug-metabolizing system, NADPH-cytochrome a reductase and glutathione peroxidase were measured during the course of liver regeneration after about seventy percent hepatectomy in Wistar rats. In addition, the extent of lipid peroxidation and contents of cytochrome P-450 were also measured. Partial hepatectomy produced a significant depression in aminopyrine demethylase, to reach a minium about 24 hours after operation, but this activity was increased to normal value during regeneration. On the other hand, in sham-operated animals, this showed no change. All the activities of NADPH-chrome P-450 contents of liver microsomes were rapidly decreased at the early stage of regeneration. These values returned to normal after 7 days. By contrast, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was nearly unchanged. According to these results, at the early stage of regeneration, the decrease of cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity lead to decrease of lipid peroxidation and drug metabolizing enzyme activity. But these phenomena were not detected after 7 days of regeneration.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2015

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang on the lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities of liver tissue in growing male rats fed cholesterol. Twenty seven rats were divided into three treatment groups (Control, Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang) and were given experimental diets with 1% cholesterol for 9 weeks. All rats in this study were fed a casein-based diet. Chunggukjang groups were fed diet containing 33.1% Chunggukjang powder. The Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups showed significantly lower weight gain, food efficiency ratio than the control group regardless of Chunggukjang type. Serum total cholesterol was significantly lower in the Chunggukjang group than in the control group, whereas serum triglyceride and atherogenic index were significantly lower in the Greentea-Chunggukjang group than in the control group. Hepatic triglyceride contents was not significantly different among the diets. However, hepatic cholesterol content was significantly lower in the Greentea-Chunggukjang group than in the control group. Lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents was significantly lower in the Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups than in the control group. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in liver tissue of the Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups were not significantly different. It can be concluded that Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang influence lipid profile and hepatic malondialdehyde contents in growing male rats fed cholesterol.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1980

This study was prepared to observe some enzyme activities in the liver of mice treated with extracts of Ginseng anticancer compound, separated from the petroleum ether extracts by silicic acid chromatography, has the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Swiss mice, 72 heads were used (or this experiment and they were divdied into control, test group I and test group If, that test group I was injected crude extract and test group II was injected anticancer compound, while the control group was injected 0.9% NaCl solution. The injections were carried out 1,2,4 and 8 times once a day for 1-8 day, respectively. The liver was removed carefully from the mice at 24 hours after drugs injected, and homogenized at 4$^{\circ}C$ for enzyme study. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) were determined by Reitmen and Frankel method and lactic acid dehydrogenase activity was determined by Wroblewski methods in vitro. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The GOT activity was increased 26%, crude extract and 16%, anticancer compound than those of control at 1st injected groups and decreased gradually according to increase of injection time, at 8th injected groups, the GOT activity was decresed by 16%, crude extract and 12%, anticancer compound. 2. The GPT activity was not changed significantly at 1st and 2nd injected groups, but, at 4th injected groups, the GPT activity was decreased 20%, crude extract and 14%, anticancer compound. While the GPT activity was recovered to normal value at 8th injected groups. 3. At 1st injected groups, the LDH activity was increased 17%, anticancer compound, while those of crude extract was shown normal value. At 2nd injected groups, the LDH activity increased 35yo:, crude extract while those of anticancer compound was showed normal value. And the LOH activity was recovered gradually at 4th and 8th injected groups.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.10-16
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• 2001

To evaluate an effect of circadian variation on the xylene metabolizing enzyme activities, 50% m-xylene in olive oil(0.25 $m\ell$/100g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to the rats every other day for 6 days both in the night; 24:00 and the day; 12:00. Then animals were sacrigiced at 8hr after last injection of m-xylene. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 contents were more increased both in control and xylene treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. But the activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) in control of night phase showed the similar value with that in those of day phase and xylene treated rats of day phase showed an increasing tendency of hepatic ADH activity as those of night phase showing similar activity. Furthermore, control rats of night phase than those of day phase. And by xylene treatment, enzyme activities of rats of day phase were higher tendency in rats of control but those of night phase were somewhat inhibited. Besides, xylene-treated animals of night phase showed increasing tendency of urinary methylhippuric acid concentration compared with those of day phase. On the other hand, liver weight per body weight(%), hepatic lipid peroxide content and serum xanthine oxidase activity were higher in night phase. And the activities of hepatic oxygen free radical metabolizing enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, gluthathione S-transferase, and xylene-treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. In conclusion, it can be hypothesized on the basis of the results that the accumulation rate of m-xylene intermediate metabolite, i.e. m-methylbenzaldehyde in liver tissus may be higher in night phase than in day phase and it may be responsible for higher liver toxicity in bight phase than in day phase.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 1986

This paper was intented to charily the cause of an increase of serum guanase activity in rats following injection of $CCI_4$. The cause of increasing serum guanase was focused on the change of guanase activities in both serum and liver, and additionally, these results were compared with the previously known alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Concomitantly the microscopic investigation on the histologic changes, and the determination of lipid peroxides of liver were combined in this experiment for a correlation to observe that the activity of guanase would be effected by the various degree of hepatic injury induced by $CCI_4$. The serum levels of guanase were increased about 2 fold in the fatty change stage (3-12 days), 5.2 fold representing the peak value in necrosis stage (21days), 4.5 fold in early cirrhosis stage (48 days), and 2 fold in severe cirrhosis stage (92 days). These changes of serum guanase activity showed similar patterns to those of ALT activity and lipid peroxides in liver cell. The changes of liver guanase activities showed an increase, whereas ALT activities in liver were markedly decreased. It is likely that the increase of serum guanase activity is based on the excess leaking of guanase into blood by the result of accelerated enzyme synthesis in liver cell of $CCI_4$ intoxicated rats. In addition, the possibility could not be ruled out, however, that the increase of serum guanase activity would be caused by the alteration of membrane permeability.