• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 1996

Pretreatment of the methanolic extract(250-500mg/kg, p.o., two weeks) of Lysimachiae Herba prevented the elevation of ALT and AST activities in galactosamine(GalN, 400 mg/kg, i.p.) intoxicated rats. Its five fractions, especially the ethyl acetate fraction, also showed significant preventing actions on damaged liver metabolizing enzyme functions by GalN intoxication.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.203-207
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• 2008

The present study aimed at assessing the protective effect of water extract from fruit body of the Grifola frondosa (GFW) on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats orally administered with GFW 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg for 14 days were treated with $CCl_4$ to induce hepatotoxicity. Pretreatment with GFW remarkably prevented the elevation of serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, $\gamma$-GTP, and liver lipid peroxides in $CCl_4$-treated rat and GFW administration in liver injured rats by $CCl_4$ showed significant (p<0.05) protection of liver as evidenced from normal serum enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In the ultrastructural changes, administration of $CCl_4$-induced damage of hepatocytes with vacuolation, a highly damaged endoplasmic reticulum, and degenerating nuclei. However, pre-administration with GFW preserved normal ultrastructure of hepatocytes. These results suggest that GFW had an effect to inhibit $CCl_4$-induced liver injury in rat, and that it could be used as an effective hepatoprotective agent against chemical-induced liver damage.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.281-298
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• 1995

The following results were made by observation GOT, GPT, ALP, total cholesterol and higlyceride in serum to research the effects of medicines which are Injinsaryungsan(Sample- A) and another medicine(Sample-B) of which Injin(Artemisiae Capillaris Herba)was increased in quantity on liver damaged by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine in rats. 1. The high concentrated extracts of Sample A group and Sample- B group showed significant inhibltory effects on the increase of serum GPT, ALP, LDH, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. 2. The high concentrated extracts of sample A group and Sample B group showed more significant inhibitory effects(P〈0.001) than the low ones' effects(P〈0.01) on the increase of serum triglyceride level induced by $CCl_4$ 3. Sample-A group showed significant inhibitory effects on the increase of serum GOT, GPT. ALP, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but no significance on the increase of serum LDH level induced by d-galactosamine. 4. Sample-B group showed very significant inhibitory effects on the increase of serum GOP, GPT, ALP, LDH, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by d-galactosamine. 5. As compared with Sample-A group, Sample-B group of which Injin was increased in quantity showed more significant inhibitory effects on all items of this experiment induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. As mentioned above. it seemed that both Injinsaryungsan and another medicine of which Injin was increased in quantity had effects protecting liver and anti-fatty liver induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine in rats. Specially Sample-B group had very significant effects on liver damage as compared with Sample-B group. Therefore it seems that more researches on variation according to the increase of Injin dose must be continued for curing liver diseases.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of mixture with Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HDT) and Acer tegmentosum Maxim(ATM) on D-galactosamine-induced liver failure in rats. Methods : The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, with liver failure and no treatment; H1A1, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 1; H1A2, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 2; H1A4, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 4. The animals were treated for 3 weeks and then examinations of change of body weight, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ($\gamma$-GTP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, histopathologic change, and complete blood count (CBC) were performed. Results : All experimental groups had significantly decreased AST in serum and markedly increased activity of SOD as compared with the control group. H1A1, and H1A4 significantly decreased ALT in serum and H1A4 at 2 weeks was significantly higher on the change of body weight as compared with the control group. In histopathologic change of liver tissue by light microscopy, all experimental groups showed recovery effects of liver cells which were damaged by D-galactosamine. Conclusions : Based upon these results, it could be assumed that a mixture of HDT and ATM has hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects on D-galactosamine-induced liver failure. Therefore, a mixture of HDT and ATM might be utilized as a protective agent in therapy for liver diseases.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.498-506
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the restorative effect of Semisulcospira libertina extract, on damaged liver cells induced by D-galactosamine in rats. Treatment of damaged liver cells with S. libertina extract significantly reduced local fatty degeneration, and inflammatory cell necrosis, to levels similar with the undamaged control group. In addition, S. libertina extracts were found to reduce plasma levels of liver damage indicator enzymes, such as AST, ALT, LDH and ALP, to control levels. It also reduced lipid peroxides, and lipid contents within damaged liver tissues. This suggests that S. libertina extract has a restorative effect on liver cells, thus reducing release of damage-associated liver enzymes, and oxidative degradation of lipids. Also, S. libertina extracts were found to be involved in recovery of damaged cells from inflammatory response by suppressing expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, which leads to tissue injury and necrosis, whereas inducing expression of HO-1 that protects cells during inflammation. Thus, S. libertina extract restores liver tissue from necrosis and fibrosis, as well modulates expression of inflammation-related genes against liver damage. Our findings suggest that S. libertina extract is an effective medicinal resource, for improving and recovering liver cells from hepatic injury.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of squid liver powder intake on accumulation of cadmium in mice was investigated. Subjects were divided into 4 groups including the control group (CON), squid liver powder group with lipids not removed (SLP100), and squid liver powder groups with lipids removed (LFSLP50 and LFSLP100). Feed intake and food efficiency ratio of squid liver powder groups was significantly higher than the CON. As a result of investigating cadmium content in hair, serum, liver, and kidney during intake of squid liver powder, all groups showed increase in cadmium accumulation through consistent, long-term intake. Especially, cadmium content in liver and kidney of LFSLP100 was significantly higher than the content of SLP100 and CON. As a result of pathological observation on liver and kidney tissues according to squid liver powder diet, LFSLP100 showed most serious pathological symptoms. In case of kidney tissues, degeneration was significantly more severe in LFSLP100 compared to other groups. Such results suggest that cadmium concentration in human body can be increased by ingestion of whole squid including internal organs and that tissues can be damaged by increased cadmium concentration. More specific and systematic studies are deemed necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.965-972
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• 2004

In the present study, it is observed that Monascus diet may have a hepatoprotective effect on the liver damage induced by bromobenzene in rats. By treatment with bromobenzene (400 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 3 consecutive days, the liver damage was reduced in rats fed 2% Monascus diet, based on the liver functional and histopathological findings. Furthermore, retreatment of bromobenzene to the animals with damaged liver showed higher decreasing rate of hepatic glutathione content and increasing rate of cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase activity at 4 h in rats fed 2% Monascus diet than those fed STD diet, and V$_{max}$ in glutathione S-transferase was higher in liver of rats fed 2% Monascus diet than those fed STD diet. On the other hand, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were generally higher both in bromobenzene and 2% Monascus diet treated group than those fed STD diet. In conclusion, the rats fed 2% Monascus diet showed lower liver damage than those fed STD diet, which may be due to the acceleration of bromobenzene metabolism and detoxication of oxygen free radicals.s.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.251-263
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• 1996

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-axupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti. The author admininisterated aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su$(BL_8)$ and Ki-mun($LR_{14}$), and carried out hematological, serological examination and electromicroscopical obseration. WBC level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. ${\gamma}-GTP$ level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. GPT level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 96 hours as compared with the control group, but GOT level did not reeveal any statistical difference. At 24-hours group, the cell organelles of the hepatic cells are destructed. The cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are particulary dilated in the 24-hours control group compared with experimental group. At 48-hours group, the destructed cell organelles are recovered in the experimental group compared with control group. At 96-hours group, the cell organelles of hepatic cells are showing feture of normal group. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2008

Background : A traditional Oriental medicine, GongJjn-dan (GJD), is one of the most well-known tonic agents in Korea. Among 6 types of GJD components, antler, red ginseng, and Cornus fructus have shown antioxidant effects, while EtOH-induced tissue damage may be a consequence of oxidative stress. Objectives & Methods : The hepatoprotective effects of GJD were evaluated on EtOH-mediated experimental liver damaged rats at 50, 100, 250 and 500mg/kg comparing with 100mg/kg of silymarin as a reference drug in the present study. Test substances were dosed once a day for 60 days with oral administration of 20% ethanol 2.5ml/100g body weight twice a day (equivalent to 7.9g ethanol/kg/day). Each of 8 rats per group was selected using body weight at 10 days after acclimatization. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 60 days of continuous oral treatment of test substances with 20% ethanol treatment, and changes on the body weight, liver weight, and serum AST and ALT were observed. Results : There were dramatic decreases of body weight and increases of liver weight and serum AST and ALT. Similar inhibition effects on the EtOH-induced hepatic damages were detected between equal dosages of GJD and silymarin. Conclusion : Based on these results. it is concluded that GJD showed clear hepatoprotective effects on EtOH-induced hepatic damage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.571-574
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• 2004

Effects of the Cheonggansoyo-san added Injinwiryeong-tang on recovery from damaged-liver and mental-faculty improvement in alcoholism were studied using male Sprague-Dawley rats, The rats were assigned into 4 groups; normal, control and CIX group. Control group administered ethanol(25 v/v %) at a dose 3 g/kg, while CIX group administered the water extract of Cheonggansoyo-san added Injinwiryeong-tang (CIX) 30 min before treating same dose of ethanol as control group for 10 days, orally. The GOT and GPT activities of rats were checked by Reitman & Frankel method, and all groups were subjected to trials of straight channel on the 1 st day and to those of multiple T-maze during the following 3 days. The GOT and GPT activities were increased in control group, but decreased in CIX group significantly. The time required in normal group for the straight channel of the 2nd and 3rd trials was significantly shorter than that of the 1 st, while the control group showed no significance. In the time required for the multiple T-maze trials, the control group showed no significance. But in the straight or T-maze trials, the CIX group showed significant decrease in the time required against the control group.