• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3243-3256
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• 2020

Recent years have shown a great interest of public in buying and selling of crypto/digital currency. With hundreds of digital currencies in financial market, bitcoin remains the most widely used, adapted, and accepted currency around the world. However, the critics of bitcoin still consider it a threat to modern day power usage. This paper discusses the important pitfalls, pros, and cons related to bitcoin's energy consumption. The paper begins by highlighting the flexibilities cryptocurrency can bring to online money transfers compared to traditional 'fiat' architecture. Then, the focus of the paper entirely remains on listing various facts related to bitcoin's energy utilization including a brief description of several emerging approaches for energy optimization. This paper is concluded by revealing key current challenges associated to bitcoin's energy usage.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to provide useful information to restaurant managers by analyzing eating out behavior and the diverse needs and wants of the people residing in the Seoul area. four hundred twenty-seven(427) people were sampled for this study and classified into three groups : housewives, salarymen and college students. The results of this study are as follows : (10 Among the groups, there were significant differences in general eating out behavior such as 'frequency' 'preferred food style' and 'who pays the check' among others. (2) The study showed housewives listing 'special occasion' as 'taking care of meal' (3) All groups considered 'price' as especially important. (4) When selecting a menu item, taste was considered most important by all groups. Housewives showed nutritional value to be important while salarymen chose the same item as companions an college students showed 'portions' and 'price' to be important. (5) degree of satisfaction of restaurants were found to be low with items such as ' price'. 'range of menu choices' and 'courteousness of employees' being relatively low.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.651-654
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• 2005

Ontology developing process has aroused a lot of controversy among knowledge engineers and knowledge users. The recent surges on ontology building methodologies and practical ontology applications have explored a broad spectrum of knowledge management challenges. On the one hand, the abundant methodology theories provide us with a set of useful heuristic rules, from which we get the overview of ontology building process. But on the other hand, every research groups would like to justify their theories by listing their specific characteristics and unique method when approaching the right way. However, there is still no one “correct” way or methodology for developing ontologies. In this case, the methods used to evaluate only a subset of specific domain do not make any sense to the commonsense users. As a result, a comprehensive understanding of domain ontology is urgent and necessary.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.435-445
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• 1995

Five species of Tomoceridae from Korean caves are reviewed , including one speices described as new to science. T. (M.) odongnyeoensis n.sp. belong to the subgenus of new record for Korea. The present study eventually resulted in listing eight species in five subgenera of Korea cave Tomoceridae, and all Collebola from Korean caves nowenumerate 23 species (or subspecies) in nine genera of eight families.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.121-127
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• 2004

This paper is to give some hints to solve the problems of the Korean The third Market suffering from the extreme shortage of the liquidity. To solve that problem, this paper mainly compare the liquidity indices of the Third Market with that of the Japanese third market, that is Mothers. The main liqudity indices of the Mothers shows better than that of the Korean Third Market redardless of the small numbers of the listed Firms. The main differences in the liquidity levels between two markets is to caused by the trading system. The Korean Third Market has been adapting the one-to-one trading system which most stock markets of the world gave up that system owing to the inefficiency. This paper shows the proper trading system for the Third Market is competitve trading system partialy combined with the market maker system beacause of the small firm characterristics.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 2000

Most space-related life science programs are expensive and time-consuming, requiring international cooperation and resources with trans-disciplinary expertise. A comprehensive future program in "life sciences in space" needs, therefore, well-defined research goals and strategies as well as a sound ground-based program. The first half of this review will describe four key aspects such as the environment in space, previous accomplishments in space (primarily focusing on amphibian embryogenesis), available resources, and recent advances in bioinformatics and biotechnology, whose clear understanding is imperative for defining future directions. The second half of this review will focus on a broad range of interdisciplinary research opportunities currently supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Institute of Health (NIH), and National Science Foundation (NSF). By listing numerous research topics such as alterations in a diffusion-limited metabolic process, bone loss and skeletal) muscle weakness of astronauts, behavioral and cognitive ability in space, life in extreme environment, etc., we will attempt to suggest future opportunities.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.45-48
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• 2016

Objectives: A diagnostic imaging in a fifty five year-old woman diagnosed orthopedically as ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at C5 and C6 levels was reinterpreted for Chuna mannual therapy. The cervical spinal lesion in simple X-ray and CT scan images was discussed by spinal listing systems and disc block subluxation theory. The primary adjustive target was C4 disc block subluxation, which had been affected by kyphosis. Chuna manual therapy based on diagnostic images could be helpful for adjusting spinal subluxation, correcting its adaptation curvature, and preventing its latent pathology efficiently.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2001

This study aimed at developing the standard questionnaire database system for rural development. By the previous study for the hierarchical listing of the factors related to rural development in the village level, the targetting questionnaire items pool was proposed. The data base system basically consisted of 3 parts: general, principal and sectoral parts for rural development. General and principal parts had the detailed questionnaires without any further hierarchy, but sectoral one 4-step hierarchy from high/medium/low levels to detailed questionnaires. Tentatively, total 417 questionnaires statements were written with 5 questioning styles: single choosing, multiple choosing, tabular, writing and special questions. Through the checking done by college students team from rural area, the database system having 467 questioning statements was finally developed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.779-797
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• 2017

완전자본시장에서는 기업의 투자활동이 자금조달 방법과 무관하지만, 현실경제에서는 정보비대칭성으로 인해 외부자금 조달이 제약되는 금융제약 현상이 발생할 수 있다. 금융제약 현상은 기업의 규모가 작거나, 업력이 짧을수록, 그리고 하이테크 산업의 기업일수록 심화된다는 것이 일반적인 시각이다. 우리나라 코스닥 시장은 상대적으로 금융제약에 노출되는 기업들이 주로 상장되는 시장으로, 본 연구는 코스닥 상장이 개별 기업의 금융제약을 완화하는데 효과가 있었는지에 대해서 분석하였다. 분석 결과 금융제약 완화효과가 확인되었으며, 이러한 효과가 통합 증권선물거래소(현(現) 한국거래소)가 출범 후 강화된 것으로 나타났다. 이는 투자자 보호 측면의 체질개선이 거래량 및 코스닥 지수 등에는 일부 부정적이었을 수 있으나, 시장 안정화를 통해 기업의 자금조달을 도왔다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.167-183
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• 2003

This study reviewed the literature pertaining to the cause and effects of job stress. Many definitions of stress have been offered and the diversity of these definitions has been generated by medical scientists, psychologists, and behavioral scientists. Most approaches dealing with job stress have involved listing of various sources of job stress, moderators, and outcomes. This study is concerned with the selection of variables, the relationships between job stressors and outcomes, and the effects of moderators on these relationships investigated in job stress research. A review of job stress literature presents that various job stressors (e. g., task characteristics, role characteristics, organizational characteristics, career development, and relationships), moderators (e. g., locus of control, type A and B personality, social support, and demographics), and outcomes (e. g., perceived stress, job satisfaction, job commitment, organizational commitment, performance, turnover, and physiological symptoms) were used for a greater understanding of job stress.