• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2011

Silver nano-particles have been synthesized by liquid phase reduction method and alcohol reduction process. Silver nano-particles of the size 30 ~ 40 nm were formed successfully by alcohol reduction process. The formation, structure, morphology and size of silver nano-particles have been studied using FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy. In particular high dispersion stability of the synthesized silver nano-particles could be obtained by PVP binding. Antibacterial activity of Ag/PET master batch sample made from its nano-silver particles showed excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.242-246
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• 2005

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by liquid phase reduction method from aqueous silver nitrate solution and borohybride as a reduction agent. The morphology, particle size and shape were influenced by the reaction conditions such as the concentration of $AgNO_3$, a reduction agent and addition of surfactant. The particle size decreased with decreasing the concentration of silver nitrate and using a borohydride. The obtained Ag particles showed the spherical shape with the range of 10-20 nm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.2813-2818
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• 2010

A novel method was developed for the speciation of chromium in natural water samples based on homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In this method, Cr(III) reacts with a new Schiff's base ligand to form the hydrophobic complex, which is subsequently entrapped in the sediment phase, whereas Cr(VI) remained in aqueous phase. The Cr(VI) assay is based on its reduction to Cr(III) by the addition of sodium sulfite to the sample solution. Thus, separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) could be realized. Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction based on the pH-independent phase-separation process was investigated using a ternary solvent system (water-tetrabutylammonium ion ($TBA^+$)-chloroform) for the preconcentration of chromium. The phase separation phenomenon occurred by an ion-pair formation of TBA and perchlorate ion. Then sedimented phase was separated using a $100\;{\mu}L$ micro-syringe and diluted to 1.0 mL with ethanol. The sample was introduced into the flame by conventional aspiration. After the optimization of complexation and extraction conditions such as pH = 9.5, [ligand] = $1.0{\times}10^{-4}\;M$, [$TBA^+$] = $2.0{\times}10^{-2}\;M$, [$CHCl_3$] = $100.0\;{\mu}L$ and [$ClO_4$] = $2.0{\times}10{-2}\;M$, a preconcentration factor (Va/Vs) of 100 was obtained for only 10 mL of the sample. The relative standard deviation was 2.8% (n = 10). The limit of detection was sufficiently low and lie at ppb level. The proposed method was applied for the extraction and determination of chromium in natural water samples with satisfactory results.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.569-574
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• 2005

A coupled column liquid chromatography system was applied for the separation of the burnup monitors in spent nuclear fuel sample solutions. A reversed phase column was studied for the adsorption behavior of uranyl ions using alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid as an eluent and used for the separation of plutonium and uranium. A cation exchange column prepared by coating 1-eicosylsulfate onto the reversed phase column was used for the separation of the lanthanides. In addition, retention of Np was checked with the reversed phase column and cation exchange column, respectively, according to the oxidation states to observe the interference effect for the separation of burnup monitors. This chromatography system showed a great reduction in separation time compared to a conventional anion exchange method. A good agreement from the burnup data was obtained between for this method and a conventional anion exchange method to within 1% of a difference for the spent nuclear fuel samples of about 40 GWD/MTU.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.170-176
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• 2010

This paper describes the grid-size dependency of the conventional Eulerian-Lagrangian method to spray characteristics such as spray penetration and SMD in modeling DME sprays. In addition, the reduction of the grid-size dependency of the present Gas-jet model was investigated. The calculations were performed using the KIVA code and the calculated results were compared to those of experimental result. The results showed that the conventional Eulerian-Laglangian model predicts shorter spray penetration for large cell because of inaccurate calculation of momentum exchange between liquid and gas phase. However, it was shown that the gas-jet model reduced grid-size dependency to spray penetration by calculating relative velocity between liquid and ambient gas based on gas jet velocity.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.218-227
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• 2000

It is well known that the Cu-Cr alloys are very difficult to be made by conventional sintering methods. This difficulty originates both from limited solubility of Cr in the Cu matrix and from limited sintering temperature due to high vapor pressures of Cr and Cu components at the high temperature. Densification of Cu-50%Cr Powder compacts by conventional Powder metallurgy Process has been studied. Three kinds of sintering methods were tested in order to obtain high-density sintered compacts. Completely densified Cu-Cr compacts could be obtained neither by solid state sintering method nor by liquid phase sintering method. Both low degree of shrinkage and evolution of large pores in the Cu matrix during the solid state sintering are attributed to the anchoring effect of large Cr particles, which inhibits homogeneous densification of Cu matrix and induces pore generation in the Cu matrix. In addition, the effect of undiffusible gas coming from the reduction of Cu-oxide and Cr-oxide was observed during liquid phase sintering. A two-step sintering method, solid state sintering followed by liquid phase sintering, was proved to have beneficial effect on the fabrication of high-dendsity Cu-Cr sintered compacts. The sintered compacts have properties similar to those of commercial products.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.327-333
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• 2011

Nanostructured cobalt materials have recently attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in high-density data storage, magnetic separation and heterogeneous catalysts. The size as well as the morphology at the nano scale strongly influences the physical and chemical properties of cobalt nano materials. In this study, cobalt nano particles synthesized by a a polyol process, which is a liquid-phase reduction method, were investigated. Cobalt hydroxide ($Co(OH)_2$), as an intermediate reaction product, was synthesized by the reaction between cobalt sulphate heptahydrate ($CoSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) used as a precursor and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolved in DI water. As-synthesized $Co(OH)_2$ was washed and filtered several times with DI water, because intermediate reaction products had not only $Co(OH)_2$ but also sodium sulphate ($Na_2SO_4$), as an impurity. Then the cobalt powder was synthesized by diethylene glycol (DEG), as a reduction agent, with various temperatures and times. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), as a capping agent, was also added to control agglomeration and dispersion of the cobalt nano particles. The optimized synthesis condition was achieved at $220^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours with 0.6 of the PVP/$Co(OH)_2$ molar ratio. Consequently, it was confirmed that the synthesized nano sized cobalt particles had a face centered cubic (fcc) structure and with a size range of 100-200 nm.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1478-1486
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• 2018

Liquid crystals offer plenty of useful activities as improving the stability of emulsion, increasing moisturizing power, drug release, improving skin feeling and visual effect for cosmetics fields. In order to prepare stable semi-transparent gel emulsion, liquid crystal emulsification method was used. The emulsion stabilities of systems containing glycerin, fatty alcohols, surfactants, water and oil were investigated at various temperatures as time passed. The stabilities of all emulsions were evaluated by means of a polarizing microscope, SEM, rheometer, colorimeter and DSC. Even though the samples stored at $50^{\circ}C$ thermostatic chamber were occurred the reduction of hardness, turbidity and ${\Delta}H$ and the peak shift, the semi-transparent gel emulsion was very stable without separation between water and oils phase in emulsion.

• Solar Energy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2000

When the liquid with the additive of ppm unit of a polymer flows, the pressure drop can be manifestly decreased compared to that of pure liquid: that's the drag reduction. This method is that a small amount of a polymer which doesn't make the transformation of the properties of the working fluid is dissolved into the working fluid, the links of chains of the polymer do a buffer action to the molecules of the working fluid which come out between near the wall of the pipe and the interface, so that the pressure drop is dramatically decreased. When we transport the fluid, therefore, we can save a lot of pumping power, or we can increase the transportation capacity with using the same transportation equipment. But when a polymer solution is also flowing in the fluid transportation system, the degradation which have a very close relation with the phenomena of the drag reduction occurs necessarily. When adding polymer to reduce the drag in two phase flow system, It is impossible to find some studies. This study is focussing on a searching examination for the experimental study considering the mechanical degradation in the closed tow phase system to find out the conditions which could improve the pump capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.384-384
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• 2012

We report nonvolatile memory properties of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films grown by vapor phase polymerization using FeCl3 as an oxidant. Liquid-bridge-mediated transfer method was employed to remove FeCl3 for generation of pure PEDOT thin films. From the electrical measurement of memory device, we observed voltage induced bipolar resistive switching behavior with ON/OFF ratio of 103 and reproducibility of more than 103 dc sweeping cycles. ON and OFF states were stable up to 104 seconds without significant degradation. Cyclic voltammetry data illustrates resistive switching effect can be attributed to formation and rupture of conducting paths due to oxidation and reduction of PEDOT. The maximum current before reset process was found to be increase linearly with increase in compliance current applied during set process.