• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the hyperlipidemia-healing effect of liquid extract from Mageum-tang(麻芩湯), it was performed on the hyperlipidemia of rats induced by high cholesterol diet and Triton WR-1339. We prepared two types of hyperlipidemia model in rats induced by high cholesterol diet and Triton WR-1339. The amount of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL -cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, free fatty acid, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione were measured. The liquid extract from Mageum-tang showed significant decreasing effects on total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, free fatty acid in the both model. And it showed significant increasing effects on HDL-cholesterol, the activity of SOD in both model and amount of glutathione in Triton WR-1339 model. These results suggest that liquid extract from Mageum-tang has healing efficacy on hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet and Triton WR-1339.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2017

Background: In the present study, metabolite profiles of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 from red ginseng or red notoginseng in zebrafish were qualitatively analyzed with ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight MS, and the possible metabolic were pathways proposed. Methods: After exposing to zebrafish for 24 h, we determined the metabolites of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5. The chromatography was accomplished on UPLC BEH C18 column using a binary gradient elution of 0.1% formic acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid water. The quasimolecular ions of compounds were analyzed in the negative mode. With reference to quasimolecular ions and MS2 spectra, by comparing with reference standards and matching the empirical molecular formula with that of known published compounds, and then the potential structures of metabolites of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 were acquired. Results: Four and seven metabolites of ginsenoside Rk1 and ginsenoside Rg5, respectively, were identified in zebrafish. The mechanisms involved were further deduced to be desugarization, glucuronidation, sulfation, and dehydroxymethylation pathways. Dehydroxylation and loss of C-17 residue were also metabolic pathways of ginsenoside Rg5 in zebrafish. Conclusion: Loss of glucose at position C-3 and glucuronidation at position C-12 in zebrafish were regarded as the primary physiological processes of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2013

임플란트와의 골융합을 향상시키기 위해서 세포와 임플란트 표면의 나노구조의 상호작용에 대한 이해가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 Sn를 촉매로 이용하여 Vapor-Liquid-Solid 법을 이용하여 $TiO_2$ 나노와이어를 튜브 전기로 안에서 질소기체 조건하에서 합성하였다. 이 때 촉매로 사용된 Sn 박막의 두께에 따라 응집된 나노스피어를 이용하여 $TiO_2$ 나노와이어의 크기를 조절하였다. 골융합을 위한 예비 실험으로써, 만들어진 $TiO_2$ 나노와이어 샘플 위에서 조골전구세포(pre-osteoblast)를 1주일간 배양하였고, 세포가 $TiO_2$ 나노와이어에 잘 결합함을 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2020

Purpose: Acute nicotine poisoning by liquid nicotine in electronic cigarettes is becoming an increasing problem worldwide. The current systematic review aimed to determine the harm of acute nicotine poisoning by reviewing published case reports. Methods: An online literature search with PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed database was performed to identify relevant studies addressing acute nicotine poisoning with electronic cigarettes. Two investigators searched the case reports written in English or Korean. Results: Twenty-six cases were included in this study. The routes of intoxication included ingestion in 18 cases, intravenous injection in three cases, subcutaneous injection in two cases, and ocular exposure in two cases. Ten cases had a cardiac arrest, and seven of them died. Seven out of 12 cases with intentional poisoning had a cardiac arrest. Nine children under 18 years were reported, and three of them had a cardiac arrest. Sixteen cases without a cardiac arrest recovered well, except for one case with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion: The authors reviewed the risks of electronic cigarette liquid in terms of acute poisoning through a systematic review. The nicotine solution of an e-cigarette can be life-threatening in cases of acute poisoning. Therefore, active emergency treatment with early recognition is necessary. In addition, various management methods and regulations for preventing acute nicotine poisoning, such as restriction of distribution and nicotine concentration, should be considered.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2021

Objective : Liquidambaris Storax, the processed resin of Liquidambar orientalis Mill., has been therapeutically used as orifice-opening medicinals in Korean Medicine. However, unauthenticated resinous drugs from various origins were sold as Liquidambaris Storax. This study aimed to establish the quality assessment of genuine Liquidambaris Storax and to provide quantitative differences of Liquidambaris Storax in herbal markets. Methods : Bibliographic research on ancient Liquidambaris Storax was performed using classic books of herbology. The quality assessment was approached by searching modern books of herbal medicines. The marker compounds in Liquidambaris Storax from various origins were quantitatively analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results : L. orientalis was botanically characterized by palmately 5-lobed shape of leaves. Genuine Liquidambaris Storax was recognized as resinous or semi-solid form (ancient―Song dynasty) to liquid form (Myeong/Cheong dynasty) and two processed forms were available in current markets. Genuine liquid Liquidambaris Storax should be lengthened as a thread when it was lifted by a stick and be sunken under the water. The crystals of cinnamic acid was seen under microscopic observation and the scent of benzaldehyde occurred after the treatment with potassium permanganate. Cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were quantified in two liquid samples of Liquidambaris Storax, while cinnamaldehyde was not quantified in resinous (semi-solid) sample. Conclusion : This study presents the detailed methods of quality assessment for genuine Liquidambaris Storax as well as the status in the herbal markets. Further quantitative study with diverse samples is required to establish the quality standard of Liquidambaris Storax.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제74권3호
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• pp.124-128
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• 2013

Pleural effusion is a rare complication in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. We report a case of Mycobacterium intracellulare pleuritis with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a 69-year-old man presenting with dyspnea. Pleural effusion revealed lymphocyte dominant exudate. M. intracellulare was identified using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and liquid cultures of pleural effusion and pleural biopsy. After combination therapy for M. intracellulare pulmonary disease, the patient was clinically well at a 1-month follow-up.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2010

This article demonstrated the application of the Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analytical Hierarchy Process (FDEAHP) to evaluate the root causes of critical defect problems occurring in the production of liquid medicine. The methodology of the research began by collecting the defect data by using Check Sheets, and ranking the significant problems by using a Pareto Diagram. Two types of major problems were found to occur, including glass fragments in the medicine and damaged lid threads. The causes of each problem were then analyzed by using Cause and Effect Diagrams. The significant causes were ranked by FDEAHP under three criteria, Severity (S), Occurrence (O) and Detection (D), followed by the framework of the FMEA Technique. Two causes with the highest Final Weight (FW) of each problem were selected to be improved, such as installing auxiliary equipment, using the Poka-Yoke system, setting the scale of the shaft and lathing the bushes of each bottle size. The results demonstrated a reduction in defects from 3.209% to 1.669% and showed that improving a few significant root causes, identified by an experienced decision maker, was sufficient to reduce the defect rate.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are frequently detected in patients with advanced-stage malignant tumors and could act as a predictor of poor prognosis. However, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between CTC number and primary tumor volume in patients with lung cancer. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CTC number and primary tumor volume in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We collected blood samples from 21 patients with treatment-naive lung adenocarcinoma and 73 healthy individuals. To count CTCs, we used a CTC enrichment method based on fluid-assisted separation technology. We compared CTC numbers between lung adenocarcinoma patients and healthy individuals using propensity score matching, and performed linear regression analysis to analyze the relationship between CTC number and primary tumor volume in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Results: CTC positivity was significantly more common in lung adenocarcinoma patients than in healthy individuals (p<0.001). The median primary tumor volume in CTC-negative and CTC-positive patients was 10.0 ㎤ and 64.8 ㎤, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of CTCs correlated with primary tumor volume in lung adenocarcinoma patients (β=0.903, p=0.002). Further subgroup analysis showed a correlation between CTC number and primary tumor volume in patients with distant (p=0.024) and extra-thoracic (p=0.033) metastasis (not in patients with distant metastasis). Conclusion: Our study showed that CTC numbers may be associated with primary tumor volume in lung adenocarcinomas patients, especially in those with distant metastasis.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to confirm the efficacy and safety of Gongjin-dan and Ssanghwatang for chronic fatigue. Methods : A total of 90 people, between 19 and 65 years old, will be recruited to participate in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled a clinical trial. Participants in the Gongjin-dan group will take one pill of Gongjin-dan along with three packs of placebo oral liquid Ssanghwa-tang per day for 4 weeks. Participants in the Ssanghwa-tang group will take three packages of liquid Ssanghwa-tang and one placebo Gongjindan pill per day for 4 weeks. In the placebo group, participants will take one pill of placebo Gongjin-dan and three packs of placebo liquid Ssanghwa-tang per day, for 4 weeks. Outcomes will be measured at the baseline, 4^th week, and 6^th week. The primary outcome is the change in the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Secondary outcomes are the change of Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20), Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ), Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), Korean Version of Schedule of Fatigue and Anergy/General Physician (SOFA/GP), Glucose, Lactate, Ammonia, Free Fatty Acid (FAA), d-ROMs&BAP, Selenium, and Cortisol. Results : This trial was approved by the institutional review board of Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital (registry number: PNUKHIRB 2021-10-005). Recruitment opened in November 2021 and is supposed to be completed by December 2022. Conclusions : This trial will provide clinical information to determine the efficacy and safety of Gongjindan and Ssanghwa-tang for chronic fatigue.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2006

Perilla frutescens is known as the herb helps digestion, tonifies stomachache, and decreases fever in oriental medicine. And it is reported it possess the anti-pyretic effect, anti-inflammatory effect, anti-allergy effect, anti-tumor effect etc. The components isolated from this herb consist of perilla aldehyde, d-limonene, ${\alpha}-pinene$, cyanin, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, menthol, rosmarinic acid and luteolin etc. But there is no effective tools to determine the quality of this herb. In this study, we aimed to analyze the changes of liquid chromatogram pattern, one of major standardization method, to determine the quality of Perilla frutescens.