• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 2006

Dimethoxy methane$(CH_3-O-CH_2-O-CH_3)$, also known as methylal or DMM, is an oxygenated additive that contains 42.5% oxygen by weight and is soluble in diesel fuel. It is a colorless liquid and a gas-to-liquid chemical 방tat has been evaluated for use as a diesel fuel component. Experiments were conducted by using the five blends with different volumetric percentage of DMM(2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5%) in baseline diesel fuel. The test engine was single cylinder, four stroke, DI diesel engine unmodified. Also, data was collected for steady state operation at 24 engine speed-load conditions. The focus of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of oxygenated fuel to diesel fuel on the engine-out emissions and the performance. Smoke emissions of all DMM blends were reduced substantially in comparison with conventional diesel fuel. These results indicate that DMM may be an effective blendstock for diesel fuel as an environment-friendly alternative fuel. Besides, this study showed that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emissions could be achieved by oxygenated fuel and EGR method that was applied to decrease NOx emissions increasing with smoke emissions reduction.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 2017

Mechanical properties of carbon coated $SiC_f/SiC$ composites have been investigated, in conjunction with a detailed analysis of microstructure. Especially, the fracture behavior of $SiC_f/SiC$ composites by the induction of carbon coating layers has been examined. The matrix region of $SiC_f/SiC$ composites with ultra-fine SiC powders were consolidated by a liquid phase sintering (LPS) process, using a sintering additive of $Al_2O_3-Y_2O_3$ powder compound. In this composite, plain and satin- woven Tyranno SA fabrics were also utilized as a reinforcing material. A carbon interfacial layer was coated around satin-woven SiC fabrics. The characterization of LPS-$SiC_f/SiC$ composites was investigated by means of SEM and three point bending test.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2021

A phase-change material (PCM) is a material that has the ability to delay heat transfer by absorbing heat from its environment or releasing heat to its environment while its phase changes from solid to liquid or liquid to solid at a specific temperature. As it is applied, it can contribute to environmental conservation such as energy savings and carbon dioxide emission reduction. In order for a PCM to store and release heat, the volume change during its phase transition should be large, and thus a phase transition space is required. When a PCM is used as a polymer additive, it is confined within the polymer, and there is no phase transition space; thus, its ability to absorb and release heat is significantly reduced. Therefore, in this study, porous silica was used to provide EVA/PCM compounds with sufficient space for their phase transition, and to improve the compatibility between the EVA and PCM, modified silica is used: surface-modified 5 wt% silica with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The compound was prepared and compared with the silica compound. The presence or absence of the modified silica surface modification was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, the heat capacity of the compound was evaluated based on a differential scanning calorimetry analysis, and its mechanical strength and morphology were determined using scanning electron microscopy.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2021

한국형발사체용 연소기 성능 고도화를 위한 핵심기술을 검증하기 위해 고압 축소형 연소기를 개발하였다. 성능 고도화를 위한 핵심기술은 고압 연소기용 분사기 설계, 적층제조기법을 적용한 연소안정화 장치 개발, 고압 축소형 연소기 헤드 및 재생냉각 연소실 설계/제작 등이다. 고압 축소형 연소기 개발을 통해 핵심기술을 검증하였고, 이 기술들은 향후 대형 액체로켓엔진 연소기 개발에 활용될 예정이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.1745-1750
• /
• 2013

A novel green aqueous mobile phase modified with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) was employed in the absence of volatile organic solvents or ion-pairing reagents to analyze thiamine, a very polar compound, by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Due to its strongly hydrophilic nature, thiamine was eluted near the column dead time ($t_0$) using a mobile phase without adding RTILs or ion-pairing reagents, even if a 100% aqueous mobile phase, which has weak elution power under reverse phase conditions, was used. Thus, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([EMIM][$PF_6$]), which has the strongest chaotropic effect, was selected as a mobile phase additive to improve retention and avoid baseline disturbances at $t_0$. Various mobile phase parameters such as cation moiety, chaotropic anion moiety, pH and concentration of RTILs were optimized to determine thiamine at the proper retention time. Method validation was performed to assess linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision, recovery and repeatability; all results were found to be satisfactory. The developed method was also compared to the current official United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and Korean Pharmacopoeia (KP) methods using an organic mobile phase containing an ionpairing reagent by means of evaluating various chromatographic parameters such as the capacity factor, theoretical plate number, peak asymmetry and tailing factor. The results indicated that the proposed method exhibited better efficiency of thiamine analysis than the official methods, and it was successfully applied to quantify thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.789-795
• /
• 2014

초산은 묽은 산에 의해 처리되어 얻어진 헤미셀룰로오스 가수분해액 중 가장 양이 많을 뿐만 아니라 중대한 에탄올 발효 저해물질이다. 그 가수분해액으로부터 초산을 선택적으로 제거하는데 최적인 분리시스템을 찾기 위하여 모사 헤미셀룰로오스 가수분해액으로 자일로스, 초산과 황산의 혼합물이 선택되었다. 이러한 목적을 이루기 위해 에멀젼형 액막법이 모사 헤미셀룰로오스 가수분해액으로부터 초산을 제거하는데 적용되었다. W/O 에멀젼의 주요 구성 성분들, 즉 아민계 추출제 종류, 계면활성제 조성, 첨가제 종류와 회수제의 종류 및 농도가 모사 헤미셀룰로오스 가수분해액에 있는 초산, 자일로스와 황산의 추출에 미치는 영향이 조사되었다. 특별한 실험 조건에서, 초산의 추출율은 95% 이상이었고, 자일로스의 손실은 미미하였는데, 이것은 현 에멀젼형 액막법이 경제성이 높은 공정이 될 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권8호
• /
• pp.2637-2642
• /
• 2011

A new ultrasonic-assisted micellar extraction and cloud-point pre-concentration method was developed for the determination of major saikosaponins, namely saikosaponins -A, -C and -D, in Radix Bupleuri by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). The non-ionic surfactant Genapol X-080 (oligoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether) was chosen as the extraction additive and parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized. The highest yield was obtained with 10% (w/v) Genapol X-080, a liquid/solid ratio of 200:1 (mL/g) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 40 min. In addition, the optimum cloud-point pre-concentration was reached with 10% sodium sulfate and equilibration at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Separation was achieved on an Ascentis Express C18 column (100 ${\times}$ 4.6 mm i.d., 2.7 ${\mu}M$) using a binary mobile phase composed of 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile. Saikosaponins were detected by ELSD, which was operated at a $50^{\circ}C$ drift tube temperature and 3.0 bar nebulizer gas ($N_2$) pressure. The water-based solvent modified with Genapol X-080 showed better extraction efficiency compared to that of the conventional solvent methanol. Recovery of saikosaponins ranged from 93.1 to 101.9%. An environmentally-friendly extraction method was successfully applied to extract and enrich major saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2008

The mechanical properties of liquid phase sintered (LPS) SiC materials, with the addition of oxide powder, were investigated, in conjunction with a detailed analysis of their microstructures. LPS-SiC materials were fabricated at a temperature of 1820 $^{\circ}C$ under an argon atmosphere, using three different starting sizes of SiC particles. The sintering additive for the fabrication of the LPS-SiC materials was an $Al_2O_3-Y_2O_3$ mixture with a constant composition ratio ($Al_2O_3/Y_2O_3$: 1.5). The particle sizes of the commercial SiC powderswere 30 nm, 0.3 $\mu$m, and 3.0 $\mu$m. The flexural strength of the LPS-SiC materials was also examined at elevated temperatures. A decrease in the starting size of the SiC particles led to an increase in the flexural strength of the LPS-SiC materials, accompanying a highly dense morphology with the creation of a secondary phase. Such a secondary phase was identified as $Y_3Al_2(AlO_4)2$. The flexural strength of the LPS-SiC materials greatly decreased with an increase in the test temperature, due to the creation of a large amount of pores.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.387-392
• /
• 2005

Dimethyl carbonate(DMC)는 낮은 독성과 빠른 생분해성으로 인해 MTBE(methyl tert-butyl ether)를 대체할 수 있는 무연가솔린의 첨가제로 주목받는 물질로, 주로 methanol의 carbonylation에 의해 합성되고, 원가절감을 위해 methanol을 출발물질로 한 새로운 DMC 제조공정의 개발이 진행 중에 있다. 이에 필요한 다양한 조건하의 DMC 관련 혼합계의 상평형 자료 및 물성은 Dortmund Data Bank(DDB)검색 결과, 매우 부족하며 무한희석 활동도계수에 대한 자료는 전무한 것으로 나타났다. 이 글에서는 methanol+DMC계의 333.15 K에서의 이성분계 등온 기-액 평형과, 혼합물성으로써 methanol+DMC계의 과잉부피 및 점도편차를 298.15 K에서 측정하였다. 또한, 무한희석상태에서 DMC 용매에서의 methanol의 무한희석 활동도계수를 303.15, 313.15, 323.15 K에서 각각 측정하였으며, 측정값은 modified UNIFAC(Dortmund)식에 의한 계산 값과도 비교하였다.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.856-862
• /
• 2009

This study examined the effects of liquid and solid additives on the morphological, mechanical and thermal insulating properties of rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). The PUFs synthesized with tetramethylsilane (TEMS) as a liquid-type additive showed a smaller average cell size and lower thermal conductivity than those with the aerosil 200 and clay 30B as solid-type additives. When TEMS was added, the average cell size of the PUF became more uniform and finer due to the reduced surface tension of the polymer solution, which increased the nucleation rate and number of bubbles produced and reduced cell size. The PUFs with TEMS showed the highest closed cell contents among the PUFs prepared using TEMS, aerosil 200 and clay 30B. This suggests that the insulation properties of PUF can be determined by both the size of the cell structure and the amount of closed cell contents in the system. The compression and flexural strengths of the PUF increased slightly when the aerosil 200, clay 30B and TEMS were added compared those of the neat PUF. The reaction profiles of the PUFs showed a similar gel and tack tree time with the reaction time among the PUFs synthesized with three different additives and neat PUF. This suggests that the nucleating additives used in this study do not affect the bubble growth of the chemical reaction, and the additives may act as nucleating agents during the formation of PUF. From the above results of the cell size, thermal conductivity, closed cell contents and reaction profile of the PUFs, liquid-type nucleating agent, such as TEMS, is more effective in decreasing the thermal conductivity of the PUF than solid-type nucleating agent, such as aerosil 200 and clay 30B.