• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2005

Fluorescent probe techniques were used to evaluate the effect of dibucaine.HCl on the physical properties (transbilayer asymmetric lateral mobility, annular lipid fluidity and protein distribution) of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from bovine cerebral cortex. An experimental procedure was used based on selective quenching of 1,3-di(l-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) by trinitrophenyl groups, and radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py. Dibucaine.HCl increased the bulk lateral mobility, and annular lipid fluidity in SPMV lipid bilayers, and had a greater fluidizing effect on the inner monolayer than the outer monolayer. The magnitude of increasing effect on annular lipid fluidity in SPMV lipid bilayer induced by dibucaine.HCl was significantly far greater than magnitude of increasing effect of the drug on the lateral mobility of bulk SPMV lipid bilayer. It also caused membrane proteins to cluster. These effects of dibucaine.HCl on neuronal membranes may be responsible for some, though not all, of the local anesthetic actions of dibucaine.HCl.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2015

Castration induces the accumulation of body fat and deposition of intramuscular fat in Korean cattle, resulting in improved beef quality. However, little is known about the metabolic adaptations in the liver following castration. To understand changes in lipid metabolism following castration, hepatic expression levels of lipid metabolism genes were compared between Korean bulls and steers. Steers had higher (p<0.001) hepatic lipids contents and higher (p<0.01) mRNA levels of lipogenic acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This differential gene expression may, in part, contribute to increased hepatic lipid content following the castration of bulls. However, we found no differences in the hepatic expression levels of genes related to triglyceride synthesis (mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 and 2) and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, C-4 to C-12 straight chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) between bulls and steers. No differences in gene expression for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, including apolipoprotein B mRNA and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) protein, were observed in the liver although MTTP mRNA levels were higher in steers compared to bulls. In conclusion, FA synthesis may contribute to increased hepatic lipid deposition in steers following castration. However, hepatic lipid metabolism, including triglyceride synthesis, FA oxidation, and VLDL secretion, was not significantly altered by castration. Our results suggest that hepatic lipid metabolism does not significantly contribute to increased body fat deposition in steers following castration.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2000

Atherosclerosis is emerging as one of the major causes of death in Korea as well as Western societies. In the present study; hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effects of the ethanol extract of Allium victorialis Makino was investigated using the conventional rabbit and the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-transgenic mouse model. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding high cholesterol diet to the animals for 30 days and they were then fed with high cholesterol diet containing 0.5% of the A. victorialis extract for additional 30 (or 40) days. In the experiment using rabbits, treatment with the A. victorialis extract significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride levels and lipid peroxidation compared to those in the control group. Total cholesterol contents in the liver and the heart were also significantly decreased. Lipid staining of the aorta isolated from the rabbits showed that treatment with the A. victorialis extract decreased formation of atheromatous plaques on the intima of the aorta. In the experiment employing CETP transgenic mouse model, treatment with the A. victorialis extract decreased the levels of plasma total cholesterol and the tissue triglyceride levels in the heart. These results demonstrated that the ethanol extract of A. victorialis lowered serum cholesterol levels, tissue lipid contents and accumulation of cholesterol in the artery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate protein expression patterns of liver in response to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induced by high-concentrate diet. Sixteen healthy mid-lactating goats were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a high-forage (HF) diet or a high-concentrate (HC) diet. The HC diet was expected to induce SARA. After ensuring the occurrence of SARA, liver samples were collected. Proteome analysis with differential in gel electrophoresis technology revealed that, 15 proteins were significantly modulated in liver in a comparison between HF and HC-fed goats. These proteins were found mainly associated with metabolism and energy transfer after identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight. The results indicated that glucose, lipid and protein catabolism could be enhanced when SARA occurred. It prompted that glucose, lipid and amine acid in the liver mainly participated in oxidation and energy supply when SARA occurred, which possibly consumed more precursors involved in milk protein and milk fat synthesis. These results suggest new candidate proteins that may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate liver adaptation to SARA.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2015

나무의 유전 공학적 연구를 위해서는 목본 고유의 유전자 및 프로모터 연구가 필수적이다. 우리는 포플러(P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa)의 Pagns-LTP 유전자의 867 bp 프로모터를 분리하였고, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter 유전자를 이용한 프로모터의 형질전환 포플러를 제작하여 특성 분석하였다. Pagns-LTP 유전자는 어린뿌리에서 강하게 발현되었고 어린잎에서는 약하게 발현되었으며, 그밖에 다른 조직에서는 발현되지 않았다. 또한, 프로모터의 활성은 뿌리와 어린잎에서 한정되었으며 어린뿌리의 세포 전체에서 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 이에 포플러 ns-LTP 프로모터 내의 cis-element를 조사하고 현사시나무에서 Pagns-LTP 프로모터를 분리한 후 활성을 분석하였다. 프로모터 내의 cis-element를 분석한 결과, 조직 특이적 발현과 호르몬 및 스트레스에 반응하는 다양한 cis-element가 존재함을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 포플러의 ns-LTP는 생장뿐만 아니라, 스트레스에도 관여할 것이라고 추측할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 목본의 유전자 기능 분석 및 다양한 응용 연구를 위해 유용하게 이용될 수 있는 도구로서의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2007

The genes encoding non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), members of a small multigene family, show a complex pattern of expressional regulation, suggesting that some diversification may have resulted from changes in their expression after duplication. In this study, the evolution of nsLTP genes within the Poaceae family was characterized via a survey of the pseudogenes and unigenes encoding the nsLTP in rice pseudomolecules and the NCBI unigene database. nsLTP-rich regions were detected in the distal portions of rice chromosomes 11 and 12; these may have resulted from the most recent large segmental duplication in the rice genome. Two independent tandem duplications were shown to occur within the nsLTP-rich regions of rice. The genomic distribution of the nsLTP genes in the rice genome differs from that in wheat. This may be attributed to gene migration, chromosomal rearrangement, and/or differential gene loss. The genomic distribution pattern of nsLTP genes in the Poaceae family points to the existence of some differences among cereal nsLTP genes, all of which diverged from an ancient gene. The unigenes encoding nsLTPs in each cereal species are clustered into five groups. The somewhat different distribution of nsLTP-encoding EST clones between the groups across cereal species imply that independent duplication(s) followed by subfunctionalization (and/or neofunctionalization) of the nsLTP gene family in each species occurred during speciation.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2009

Mimicking fetal nutrition is the goal of early paretneral nutrition (PN) in very low birth weight infants, however the limited metabolic capacity of immature organs raises concern about the toxicity of metabolites to the developing brain. Starting parenteral amino acids from the first day of life, with a rate of 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg/day, is generally recommended to prevent endogenous protein breakdown by maintaining a positive nitrogen balance. A greater of amino acid infusion rate in the range of the fetal transfer rate (3.5-4.0 g/kg/day) is well tolerated during the early days after birth in VLBWI, however the influence on growth and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome remains unknown. Limited data are available from controlled trials regarding the effects of early supplementation with lipid emulsions on neonatal morbidity. Considering the role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the neurodevelopment, the choice of an optimal lipid emulsion should be based on the quality as well as the quantity of the lipid contents. Little is known about the clinical benefit of higher rates of glucose infusion by permitting high serum glucose level or co-administration with insulin.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2018

The aim of this study was performed to evaluate the effects of ice-binding protein from the arctic yeast Leucosporidium (LeIBP) supplementation on cryopreservation of boar sperm. The collected semen was diluted ($1.5{\times}10^8/ml$) in lactose egg yolk (LEY) and cooled at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 h. The cooled semen was then diluted ($1{\times}10^8/ml$) in LeIBP containing LEY with 9% glycerol and maintained at $5^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The semen was divided into six experimental groups (control, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of LeIBP). The straws were kept on above the liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) vapors for 20 minutes and then plunged into $LN_2$. After thawing, computer-assisted sperm analysis was used for sperm motility and flow cytometry was performed to assess the viability, acrosome integrity (FITC-PSA/PI), ROS (DCF/PI), lipid peroxidation (BODIPY C11/PI) and apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), respectively. No significant responses were observed for sperm motility. However, sperm viability was significantly increased on 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of LeIBP groups compared to control (P < 0.05). In addition, acrosome integrity was significantly increases LeIBP groups (P < 0.05) and both ROS and lipid peroxidation level were lower in all LeIBP groups than those of control (P < 0.05). On the other hand, a significant higher apoptosis rate was observed in 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of LeIBP groups compared to control (P < 0.05). It can be assumed that a supplementation of LeIBP in boar sperm freezing extender is an effective method to increase the sperm qualities after cryopreservation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigated the mechanism of pharmacological action of local anesthetic and provide the basic information about the development of new effective local anesthetics. Fluorescent probe techniques were used to evaluate the effect of lidocaine HCl on the physical properties (transbilayer asymmetric lateral and rotational mobility, annular lipid fluidity and protein distribution) of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from bovine cerebral cortex, and liposomes of total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from the SPMV. An experimental procedure was used based on selective quenching of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) by trinitrophenyl groups, and radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py. Lidocaine HCl increased the bulk lateral and rotational mobility of neuronal and model membrane lipid bilayes, and had a greater fluidizing effect on the inner monolayer than the outer monolayer. Lidocaine HCl increased annular lipid fluidity in SPMV lipid bilayers. It also caused membrane proteins to cluster. The most important finding of this study is that there is far greater increase in annular lipid fluidity than that in lateral and rotational mobilities by lidocaine HCl. Lidocaine HCl alters the stereo or dynamics of the proteins in the lipid bilayers by combining with lipids, especially with the annular lipids. In conclusion, the present data suggest that lidocaine, in addition to its direct interaction with proteins, concurrently interacts with membrane lipids, fluidizing the membrane, and thus inducing conformational changes of proteins known to be intimately associated with membrane lipid.

• Biodesign
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2017

Lam6 is a member of sterol-specific ${\underline{l}ipid$ transfer proteins ${\underline{a}}nchored$ at ${\underline{m}ebrane$ contact sites (LAMs). Lam6 localizes to the ER-mitochondria contact sites by its PH-like domain and the C-terminal transmembrane helix. Here, we purified and crystallized the Lam6 PH-like domain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To aid crystallization of the Lam6 PH-like domain, T4 lysozyme was fused to the N-terminus of the Lam6 PH-like domain with a short dipeptide linker, GlySer. The fusion protein was crystallized under the condition of 0.1 M HEPES-HCl pH 7.0, 10% (w/v) PEG 8000, and 0.1 M $Na_3$ Citrate at 293K. X-ray diffraction data of the crystals were collected to $2.4{\AA}$ resolution using synchrotron radiation. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group $P2_12_12_1$ with unit cell parameters $a=59.5{\AA}$, $b=60.1{\AA}$, and $c=105.6{\AA}$. The asymmetric unit contains one T4L-Lam6 molecule with a solvent content of 58.7%. The initial attempt to solve the structure by molecular replacement using the T4 lysozyme structure was successful.