• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.129-149
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• 2003

Liver is an important target of the toxicity of drugs, xenobiotics and oxidative stress. Acetaminophen pverdose causes acute liver injury in both humans and animals. This study was performed to observe the effect of sachunwhan and its component groups on recovery of hepatoxicity in acetaminophen treated rats. The experimental group was divided into 4 groups: sachungwhan(SC), samultang group(SC-1: 當歸, 川芎), chungyul group(SC-2: 龍膽草, 大黃, 梔子), and haepyo group(SC-3:羌活, 防風). Under the same condition Normal group was fed basal diet and water; Control group was injected acetaminophen and fed basal diet for 2 weeks; Experimental groups were injected acetaminophen and fed each extracts for 2 weeks respectively. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the study on antioxidative defense system in vivo, SC reduced the amount of lipid peroxide in both serum and liver and showed activity on antioxidative enzymes such as catalase, glutathion. Other groups had effect only on glutathion. 2. In the study on hepatotoxicity(GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP, ALP, LDH, Bilirubin), SC had a significant effect on recovery of hepatoxicity in acetaminophen treated rats. Other groups had no effect except SC-1 having effect on ${\gamma}$-GTP. As results shown, only Sachungwhan(SC) has significant effects on recovery of hepatoxicity and antioxidative defense system in vivo. These results suggest that Sachungwhan(SC) made antioxidative defense system active and it seemed to be very important to its effect on recovery of hepatoxicity. In the other hand, Component groups had no effect on recoverv of hepatoxicity and antioxidative defense system in vivo. This was thought that component drugs' cooperative synergy effect would be important to Sachungwhan(SC)'s effects mentioned in this paper.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 1979

The Korean origin sunflower (Helianthus Annus Linn.) seed of netural lipid were analysed by thinchrography, High performance liquid chromatography, preparative Thinlayer and Gas liquid chromatography. 1) The seed oil triglyceride components were conveniently separated based on their degree of unsaturation by employing the chromatography on silica gel sintered rod impregnated with 12.5% silver nitrate. Sunflower seed oil was composed of triglyceride, especially trilinolein 57. 74% triolein 25.28%, tripalmitin 7 55% ana tristearin 9.43% by a thinctrography. 2) The fatty acid compositions of seed oil have been determined by a high performance liquid chromatographic analysis using a ALC/GPC 244 type from Waters Association (Japan) with ${\mu}$ Bondapak FFAA column. It contained stearic acid 8.59%, oleic acid 27. 19%, palmitic acid 7.50% and linoleic acid 56.72% respectively. 3) The composition of sterols were determined by a preparative Thinlayer and Gas liquid chromatographic analysis. It was noted that sitosterol was the major sterol in the Korean sunflower seed. The results showed that contents of sterols were cholesterol trace, campesterol $13_.^{22\sim}13.9%$, stigmasterol $13.8{\sim}14.1%$, If, sitosterol $58.4{\sim}60.7%$, ${\vartriangle}^7$-stigmastenol $10.2{\sim}10.5%$ and ${\vartriangle}^{7,24(25)}$-stigmastenol $3.6{\sim}3.8%$ by method of planimetry and triangulation.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2012

Obesity increases the risk of many adult diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and breast cancer. Inhibition of adipogenesis is an effective way in the anti-obesity management. Because of main components of Saururus chinensis is flavonoid, it has been showed some improvement by its antioxidant effects on the atherosclerosis, heart disease and diabetic hyperlipidemia. But mechanism of anti-obesity effect of S. chinensis is not clear. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of S. chinensis on adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. The 3T3-L1 cell line is commonly used to study adipogenesis in vitro. In this study, ethanol extracts of S. chinensis significantly decrease the lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cells proved by measuring triglyceride contents and Oil red O staining. The proposed mechanism of inhibition of adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cells with ethanol extracts of S. chinensis is down-regulation of transcriptional factors and adipocyte-specific genes such CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) and Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) in concentration dependent pattern. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of S. chinensis inhibits adipognesis in the 3T3-L1 cells and can be used as a safe and efficient natural substance to manage anti-obesity.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

The mycelial dispersed growth of Cordyceps sinensis was optimized in submerged batch culture at initial pH of 5.0, 150 rpm, and $25^{\circ}C$. The morphological data showed much more dispersed growth of C. sinenesis at initial pH of 5.0. Also, projected area, main hyphal length and number of tips for the mycelial growth of initial pH 5.0 were higher than those of other initial pHs. The industrial medium for mycelial production of C. sinensis was determined to be molasses of 100 g and crushed brewery yeast of 10 g per liter as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. With these culture conditions, the maximum production of mycelia was approximately 30.0 g per liter by batch culture in 5-liter jar fermenter with no controlled pH. This result suggests that large-scale mycelia production of C. sinensis may be possible in submerged batch culture. The hot water extract of mycelia from C. sinensis was mainly composed of 83.0% carbohydrate, 11.8% protein, 1.9% lipid, and 2.4% ash and there were present glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose as molar ratio of 8.79 : 2.59 : 1.34 : 1.0 in the carbohydrate, respectively. In the experiment using spleen cell and macrophage, the extract showed potent mitogenic and immuno-stimulating activities and among various components, an important factor that contribute to the immunological activities was turned out to be carbohydrate moiety.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2003

홍삼 분쇄의 신 가공 기술로서 비충격 분쇄방식인 cell cracker의 공장 적용 가능성을 제시하고 홍삼분말의 품질고급화에 기초자료로 활용하고자 기존의 충격 분쇄방식 인 hammer mill과 cell cracker에 의한 분쇄방식으로 홍삼분말을 제조한 후 이화학적 특성을 조사한 결과, 수분함량의 경우 hammer mill로 분쇄한 홍삼분말은 3.16%로 cell cracker로 분쇄한 홍삼분말 6.30%보다 현저하게 낮게 나타나 현행 식품 공전에서는 홍삼분말의 수분함량을 8%이하로 규정하고 있어 cell cracker에 의한 분쇄가 수율제고라는 측면에서는 보다 경제적인 분쇄방법으로 판단된다. 그 외 cell cracker로 분쇄한 경우 조단백질, 총당, 산성다당체가 약간 높게 나타났으나 큰차는 없었으며, 조지방, 환원당, 조섬유, 회분함량은 hammer mill로 분쇄했을시 약간 높게 나타났으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 총 지방산 함량을 비교해볼 때 hammer mill로 분쇄한 시료는 87.90%이고 cell cracker로 분쇄한 시료는 87.50%로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총 아미노산 함량을 조사한 결과 hammer mill로 분쇄한 시료는 670.96mg%이고 cell cracker로 분쇄한 시료는 676.50mg%이었으며, 필수아미노산의 경우도 각각 212.25 mg%와 206.25 mg%로 조사되어 거의 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Total ginsenosides 경우 hammer mill로 분쇄한 시료는 1.263%였으나 cell cracker로 분쇄한 시료는 1.311%로 약간 높게 나타났다. 그 외에 유리당 및 무기성분 등에서도 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2010

To evaluate the effect of pomegranate powder on rice dasik, pomegranate dasik was prepared after supplementation with pomegranate powder(0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%(all w/w)). The proximate components of pomegranate powder was 9.98% moisture content, 1.54% crude protein, 3.50% crude lipid, 16.00% crude fiber and 4.84% crude ash. The moisture content of samples showed no significant difference. The pH values in samples with the pomegranate powder were lower than that of the control group and pH values were significantly decreased with increased pomegranate powder(p<0.05). The lightness(L-value) was significantly decreased as pomegranate powder increased(p<0.05). Redness(a-value) was increased as pomegranate powder increased until 10%. However redness was decreased in samples with more than 15% pomegranate powder. The yellowness(b-value) decreased significantly with the amount of increased pomegranate powder(p<0.05). In the mechanical evaluation, hardness in the groups with pomegranate powder decreased significantly (p<0.05). Adhesiveness was decreased with increased pomegranate powder. Springness in groups with more than 15% pomegranate powder was higher than that of the control group. Cohesiveness and chewiness in groups with pomegranate powder were higher than that of the control group. But no significant difference in gumminess among groups was found. The intensity of color, odor and astringency of dasik with pomegranate powder significantly increased as the amount of supplementation increased(p<0.05). And the preference of taste and overall acceptability significantly increased as pomegranate powder increased(p<0.05). In conclusion, rice disik with 5% of pomegranate powder would be most proper in taste and overall acceptability.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.654-658
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to establish methods for enhancing the survival and growth of cold-water fish and crustacean larvae based on the nutritional components of zoo and phyto live foods. Rotifers, Brachionus rotundiformis, were cultured with a supplement of freshwater condensed Chlorella vulgaris at $28^{\circ}C$ and enriched with Algamac $2000^{(R)}$ at 16, 20 and $26^{\circ}C$, respectively. Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chlorella ellipsoidea were centrifuged for component analysis after being cultured for approximately one week with conway medium at $20^{\circ}C$. The crude protein and lipid contents of the rotifers were 58.4% and 10.9%, respectively, before enrichment. After enrichment at each temperature, total protein and essential amino acid contents were increased by reducing the enrichment temperature. However, unsaturated fatty acids and multiple fatty acid index (UI) showed their highest values at $20^{\circ}C$. Mono-unsaturated fatty acid content was highest (72.6%) at $16^{\circ}C$. The total protein contents of C. calcitrans and C. ellipsoidea were higher, 33.0% and 35.2%, respectively, than that of I. galbana, 27.8%. Methionin, leusine and histidine, essential amino acids of C. ellipsoidea, had considerably higher values, 50.2, 287.2 and 68.1 mg/g dry matter, respectively, compared to other microalgae. Total lipids, UI, DHA and n-3 PUFA of I. galbana had higher values, 23.6, 272.0, 12.9% and 45.2%, respectively, than other microalgae. Therefore, for cold-water fish and crustacean larvae that require high n-3 PUFA and DHA contents, enrichment of rotifers is desirable at $20^{\circ}C$. Fish larvae would also need more I. galbana than other microalgae.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate what components of porcine epididymal fluid (pEF) influences the nuclear maturation of porcine germinal vesicle oocytes. Porcine cumulus-oocytes complexes from follicles were cultured in TCM 199 containing pEF. After 48 h cultures, oocytes were examined for evidence of GV breakdown, metaphase I, anaphase-telophase I, and metaphase II. Maturation rate of oocytes was significantly increased in media supplemented with 10% pEF during in vitro maturation (IVM) than in those without pEF. When lipid component of pEF was removed by treating n-heptane, no significant difference was observed in maturation of oocytes between n-heptane treatrment and intact pEF group. However, the proportion of oocytes reaching at metaphase II (M II) was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the oocytes cultured in media containing trypsin-treated pEF compared to those in media with intact pEF. When porcine GV oocytes were matured in the medium supplemented with intact pEF or pEF heated at $56^{\circ}C$ and $97^{\circ}C$, rates of oocytes remained at GV stage were 11.7%, 29.4% and 42.0%, respectively. However, there were no difference in proportion of oocytes reaching at MII stage among intact pEF group and $56^{\circ}C$ group. Present study suggests that 1) pEF contains an enhancing component(s) for nuclear maturation in vitro of oocytes, 2) protein(s) of pEF may be capable to promote nuclear maturation in vitro, and 3) enhancing component for nuclear maturation may consist of two factors, which are responsible for germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and promotion of MII stage.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2019

Background: In order to assess the high value-added use of the alginate-free residue of sea tangle, an animal study was performed to evaluate the functional activities and key compounds present. In the animal study, sea tangle and the alginate-free residue demonstrated good anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-arteriosclerotic abilities. Results: The functional compounds in the alginate-free residue of the sea tangle were effectively extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The optimum extraction temperature and pressure were 40 ℃ and 6500 psi (M1) in the SFE, a better method in comparison to the conditions of 70 ℃ and 4500 psi (M2), respectively. The anti-atherosclerotic effects of the alginate-free residue of sea tangle (M1, M2) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with poloxamer 407, Triton WR 1339, corn oil, and a high-fat diet. The M1 fraction reduced the serum lipid levels with greater efficacy than the M2 fraction. In the hyperlipidemic rats, treatment with M1 decreased the serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels when compared to the levels in normal rats. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the alginate-free residue of sea tangle reduces serum TC, TG, and LDL-C. These results suggest that the alginate-free residue of sea tangle contains physiologically active components, such as fucosterol, that may exert beneficial effects in the prevention of atherosclerosis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 1999

Antioxidant effects of serotonin and L-DOPA on neuronal tissues were examined by studying the oxidative damages of brain synaptosomal components. The study further explored the mechanism by which they exert protective actions. Serotonin and L-DOPA (1 ${\mu}M$ to 1 mM) significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation of brain tissues by either $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate or t-butyl hydroperoxide in a dose dependent fashion. Protective effect of serotonin on the peroxidative actions of both systems was greater than that of L-DOPA. Protein oxidation of synaptosomes caused by $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate was attenuated by serotonin and L-DOPA. Protein oxidation more sensitively responded to L-DOPA rather than serotonin. Serotonin and L-DOPA (100 ${\mu}M$) decreased effectively the oxidation of synaptosomal sulfhydryl groups caused by $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate. The production of hydroxyl radical caused by either $Fe^{3+},$ EDTA, H_2O_2$ and ascorbate or xanthine and xanthine oxidase was significantly decreased by serotonin and L-DOPA (1 mM). Equal concentrations of serotonin and L-DOPA restored synaptosomal $Ca^{2+}$ uptake decreased by $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate, which is responsible for SOD and catalase. Protective effects of serotonin and L-DOPA on brain synaptosomes may be attributed to their removing action on reactive oxidants, hydroxyl radicals and probably iron-oxygen complex, without chelating action on iron.