• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.327-337
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• 2001

본 연구는 superoxide dismutase (SOD)가 동결-응해 돼지정자의 lipid peroxidation과 체외수정능력에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 동결-응해 정자는 10 units/$m\ell$의 SOD가 첨가된 배양액에 의해 처리했을 때 가장 높은 정자생존율을 나타냈으나 서로 다른 농도에 의한 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 SOD농도에 관계없이 정자처리 직후의 생존율은 120분간 배양 후에 비해 유의적(P＜0.05)으로 높은 생존율을 나타냈다. 또한 정자처리 후 배양시간이 0, 60 및 120분으로 길어짐에 따라 정자의 첨체반응 유기율이 증가하였지만 SOD 첨가 또는 무첨가구 사이에서 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 한편, 체외수정시 1 unit/$m\ell$의 SOD를 첨가한 경우 0, 10 및 100 units/$m\ell$ 첨가시 보다 유의적(P＜0.05)으로 높은 정자침입율을 나타냈으며, 10과 100 units/$m\ell$의 SOD 첨가시 낮은 다정자 침입율을 나타냈다 (P＜0.05). 정자의 peroxidation은 malondialdehyde의 생성에 기초를 두고 평가하였는데 SOD 무첨가에 비해 첨가농도가 높아질수록 malondialdehyde의 생성이 낮아졌지만 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 또한 동결-융해된 정자는 sulfhydrl(-SH) group의 용량을 측정한 결과 SOD무첨가시 보다 첨가시 높은 용량이 측정되었지만 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 한편, 동결-융해된 정자가 체외에서 성숙시킨 난자의 투명대에 접착하는 정도를 평가한 결과 SOD 무첨가 보다는 첨가농도가 높아짐에 따라 접착정자수가 증가하였으며 100 units/$m\ell$ 첨가시 유의적(P＜0.05)으로 높은 접착정자 수를 나타냈다 본 연구의 결과로부터 SOD는 돼지 동결-융해정자에 있어서 난자의 투명대 접착능력의 증가와 함께 체외수정능력 향상에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2020

Objectives: Tanshinone I is a bioactive constituent in Salvia miltiorrhiza. At present, the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of tanshinone I are not fully understood. Here we investigated the effect of tanshinone I on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and zebrafish. Methods: Lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content in 3T3-L1 cells were determined by Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay, respectively. The expression and phosphorylation levels of adipogenic/lipogenic proteins in 3T3-L1 cells were evaluated by Western blotting. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of adipogenic/lipogenic markers and leptin in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Lipid accumulation in zebrafish was assessed by LipidGreen2 staining. Results: Tanshinone I at 5 μM largely blocked lipid accumulation and reduced TG content in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, tanshinone I decreased the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and perilipin A but also the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, tanshinone I increased the phosphorylation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) while decreased the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content with no change in the phosphorylation and expression of liver kinase-B1 in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Importantly, tanshinone I also reduced the extent of lipid deposit formation in developing zebrafish. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that tanshinone I has strong anti-adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 cells and reduces adiposity in zebrafish, and these anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 cells are mediated through control of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, STAT-3, FAS, ACC, perilipin A, and AMPK.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.523-528
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• 2017

본 연구는 국내 산림자생 식물 추출물 5종(밤나무, 진달래, 산수유, 복분자딸기, 갈참나무)에 대한 지방세포 분화 억제 및 활성산소종(ROS) 생성 억제 효능을 평가하였다. 지방세포 분화 중 세포 내 지방축적 및 ROS 생성량을 비교한 결과, 국내 산림 식물 5종 모두 지방축적량 및 ROS 생성량을 농도 유의적으로 감소키는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 복분자딸기 추출물을 처리한 지방세포에서 지방 축적 및 ROS 저감에 가장 크게 나타났으며 양성대조군으로 사용된 N-acetyl-L-cysteine과 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 또한, 복분자딸기 추출물을 처리함으로써 지방세포의 분화를 조절하는 전사인자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$ 및 aP2 발현이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 국내 산림 식물 5종 추출물은 천연물에서 유래한 항비만 및 항산화 활성 기능성식품 소재로 활용 가능할 것으로 생각한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1483-1494
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of slaughter age on carcass traits, meat quality, and the relative mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in different muscles of Taihang black goats. Methods: In this study, the triceps brachii (TB), longissimus dorsi (LD) and gluteus (GL) muscles of 15 grazing Taihang black goats slaughtered at the age of 2, 3, and 4 (designated as 2-year-old, 3-year-old, and 4-year-old, respectively) were collected. The differences in carcass shape, meat quality, amino acid composition and lipid metabolism gene expression among Taihang black goats of different ages and from different plant parts were compared. Results: Compared with goats at other ages, goats slaughtered at the age of 4 had greater live and carcass weights, meat weights, bone weights and skin areas (p<0.05). LD in the 4-years-old had the lowest cooking loss and moisture content. The crude protein content in the LD of 2-year-old was significantly greater than that in the other age group, and at the age of 2, the LD had the highest crude protein content than TB and GL. The highest fat content was in LD, followed by TB, for goats slaughtered at the age of 4. Eight out of 9 essential amino acids had higher content in the TB compared with other muscles, regardless of age. The total essential amino acid content was highest in the 4-year-old and lowest in the GL muscle at the age of 3. The sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) genes were significantly more abundant in the TB muscle than in the other muscles for goats slaughtered at the age of 2. At the age of 4, the ATGL and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) genes were significantly more abundant in the GL than in the LD, while the fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes were significantly less abundant in the GL than in the other muscles. Similarly, compared with those in goats of other ages, the relative mRNA expression levels of the FAS and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) genes in goats slaughtered at the age of 4 were the highest, and the relative mRNA expression of the PPARγ gene was the lowest (p<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of the H-FABP and FAS genes was positively correlated with the intramuscular fat (IMF) content, while the relative mRNA expression levels of the PPARγ and ATGL genes was negatively correlated with the IMF content. Conclusion: Overall, a better nutritional value was obtained for TB from 4-year-old goats, in which the total essential amino acid and fat contents were greater than those of other muscles. The comprehensive action of lipid metabolism genes was consistent with that of the IMF content, among which the FAS, H-FABP, PPARγ, and ATGL genes had positive and negative effects on the process of IMF deposition in Taihang black goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1229-1236
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• 2012

Our previous studies showed that kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) injected in vivo can markedly increase lipid anabolism in liver of quails. In order to investigate the direct effect of Kp-10 on lipid metabolism of hepatocytes in birds, cells were separated from embryos livers and cultured in vitro with 0, 100 and 1,000 nM Kp-10, respectively. The results showed that after 24 h treatment, cells viability was not affected by 100 nM Kp-10, but showed a mild decrease with 1,000 nM Kp-10 compared to the control cells. Based on the results of the cell viability, 100 nM dosage of Kp-10 was selected for the further study and analysis. Compared with control cells, total cholesterol (Tch) contents in 100 nM treated cells were increased by 51.23%, but did not reach statistical significance, while the level of triglyceride (TG), high density of lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density of lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased. Real-time PCR results showed that ApoVLDL-II mRNA expression had a tendency to increase, genes including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase ${\alpha}$ ($ACC{\alpha}$), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductases (HMGCR) and stearyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase-1 (SCD1) mRNA in hepatocytes were significantly down-regulated by 100 nM Kp-10. However, contrary to its gene expression, SREBP-1 protein expression was significantly up-regulated by 100 nM Kp-10. Some of the significant correlations in mRNA expression were found between genes encoding hepatic factors or enzymes involved in lipid metabolism in liver of birds. These results indicate that Kp-10 stimulates lipid synthesis directly in primary cultured hepatocytes of chickens.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.707-716
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• 2020

Red sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, was dried using three methods-far-infrared ray, vacuum, and freeze drying and then enzymatically hydrolyzed using nine proteases: Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Protamex, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and papain. In addition, the potential ability of hydrolysates to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was evaluated. The yield of hydrolysates from red sea cucumbers dried using each method was higher than that of the distilled water extract, and protein contents were either similar or higher. The hydrolysates that exhibited inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation, as demonstrated via Oil red O staining, were those obtained by far-infrared ray drying coupled with Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, or Neutrase treatment. In addition to the advantages of far-infrared drying and the characteristics of Flavourzyme, the Flavourzyme hydrolysate of far-infrared-dried red sea cucumber showed the highest inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation. In addition, this hydrolysate significantly decreased the expression of the protein factor fatty acid-binding protein 4, which is related to the late differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that Flavourzyme hydrolysates from farinfrared-dried red sea cucumber may be used as a functional food and/or a pharmaceutical ingredient for the inhibition of lipid accumulation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.641-654
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• 2023

Purpose: Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) contains abounding phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins, and has antioxidative effects. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator in enhancing the lipid metabolism. This study hypothesized that the intake of sour cherry affects AMPK signaling. Therefore, this study examined whether sour cherry regulates AMPK to balance the hepatic lipid metabolism and exert ameliorating effects. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice had obesity induced with a 45% fat diet. The mice were divided into four groups: control (CON), high-fat diet (HFD), low percentage sour cherry powder (LSC), and high percentage sour cherry powder (HSC). The mice in the sour cherry groups were fed 1% sour cherry or 5% sour cherry in their respective diets for 12 weeks. Results: The body weight, visceral fat weight, and lipid droplet size significantly decreased in the treatment groups. The serum and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels improved significantly in the HSC group. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also reduced significantly, whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased significantly in both treatment groups. The sterol regulator binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase expression levels as fatty acid synthesis-related enzymes were significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the high-fat diet group. Furthermore, the adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression levels as lipolytic enzyme activity and AMPK/acetyl-CoA carboxylase/carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 as fatty acid β-oxidation-related pathway were upregulated significantly in both sour cherry groups. Conclusions: These results show that sour cherry intake improves hepatic lipid synthesis and chronic diseases by activating AMPK signaling. Therefore, this study suggests that phytochemical-rich sour cherry can be developed as a healthy functional food.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.928-931
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• 2009

Effects of perilla leaf extracts (PLE) on adipocytes differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells were examined. Ethanol extract of PLE treatment significantly decreased lipid accumulation, a marker of adipogenesis, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), the key adipogenic transcription factor, were markedly decreased by PLE. PLE also suppressed adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), which are adipogenic marker proteins. These results suggest that PLE treatment suppressed differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, in part by down-regulating expression of adipogenic transcription factor and other specific target genes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.513-516
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• 1994

The effects of the prevention of micelle formation and bile acid reabsorption, by using cholestyramine (CHOLN), a bile acid binding polymer, on the plasma lipid of Single Comb White Leghorn male chicks given diets containing medium chain triacylglycerol (MCT) and long chain triacylglycerol (LCT) were investigated. Corn oil and glyceryl tricaprylate were used as LCT and MCT sources, respectively. Plasma HDL cholesterol was reduced by CHOLN in all treatments. Plasma LDL cholesterol was reduced by CHOLN in chicks given LCT diet but not in MCT diet which could be accounted to the reduced plasma total cholesterol in LCT diet with CHOLN. It is concluded that bile acid binding does not alter the cholesteremic effect of MCT in the plasma of chicks.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2018

The adipogenesis is a maturation process of pre-adipocyte cell into mature lipid-filled adipocyte cell. The adipogenesis begins at the late prenatal stage and continues until the early postnatal age. Because the adipogenesis and formation of adipose tissue persist during postnatal period and are precisely regulated by the action of numerous gene products, the present research was attempted to determine the expressional patterns of adipose tissue-associated genes in the rat epididymal fat pad at different postnatal ages, from 7 days to 2 years of ages, using a quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The basal expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gamma, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, fatty acid binding protein 4, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin at the early postnatal ages were significantly lower than those at the elderly ages, even though a fluctuation of expressional levels was observed at some ages. The lowest expressional level of delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 was detected at 44 days and 5 months of ages. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) was the highest at 44 days of age, followed by a diminished expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ at the elderly ages. These results indicate the existence of a complex regulatory mechanism(s) for expression of adipose tissueassociated genes in the rat epididymal fat during postnatal period.